李铭红1, 2,,,
谢佩君2,
乔云蕾2
1.浙江师范大学行知学院 金华 321004
2.浙江师范大学生态研究所 金华 321004
基金项目: 浙江省重中之重学科开放基金项目ZC323016018
详细信息
作者简介:朱剑飞, 主要研究方向为植物修复重金属污染土壤。E-mail:925209134@qq.com
通讯作者:李铭红, 主要研究方向为生物多样性保护、植物修复重金属污染土壤。E-mail:sky82@zjnu.cn
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出版历程
收稿日期:2017-04-26
录用日期:2017-07-14
刊出日期:2018-02-01
Phytoremediation of single and combined pollution of Cu and Pb by Medicago sativa, Lolium perenne, and Pennisetum alopecuroides
ZHU Jianfei1, 2,,LI Minghong1, 2,,,
XIE Peijun2,
QIAO Yunlei2
1. Xingzhi College, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
2. Institute of Ecology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
Funds: the Open Foundation Project of Zhejiang Provincial Top Key DisciplineZC323016018
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Corresponding author:LI Minghong, E-mail:sky82@zjnu.cn
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摘要
摘要:随着经济和社会的发展，土壤重金属污染对粮食安全及人类的身体健康构成了巨大的威胁，而目前对于土壤重金属污染的治理主要以植物修复为主。为了寻找适宜修复Cu、Pb复合污染土壤的牧草，采用盆栽试验法，将试验的植物设置9组处理：1组对照组（CK），不添加任何重金属盐；4组单一污染，即单一Cu低（Cu1，200 mg·kg-1）、高浓度（Cu2 400 mg·kg-1），单一Pb低（Pb1 300 mg·kg-1）、高浓度（Pb2 800 mg·kg-1）；4组Cu、Pb复合污染（Cu1Pb1、Cu1Pb2、Cu2Pb1、Cu2Pb2）。通过比较紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa）、黑麦草（Lolium perenne）、狼尾草（Pennisetum alopecuroides）的适应能力和富集特征，研究了这3种常见牧草植物对受Cu、Pb复合污染土壤的修复效果。结果表明：1）紫花苜蓿地上部和根部生物量均在Pb1处理组时最大，显著高于其他处理组；黑麦草地上部生物量在Cu1Pb1处理组最大，根部生物量在Pb1处理组最大；狼尾草地上部生物量在Cu2Pb2处理组最大，根部生物量在Cu2处理组最大。2）Cu单一污染下，狼尾草抗性系数最大；Pb单一污染下，紫花苜蓿抗性系数最大；Cu-Pb复合污染下，狼尾草的抗性系数较大。高浓度Cu处理组3种牧草植物的地上部生物量、根部生物量和抗性系数均呈现：狼尾草>黑麦草>紫花苜蓿，且狼尾草显著大于黑麦草和紫花苜蓿。3）种植3种牧草植物后，土壤重金属Cu、Pb含量均有所降低。在一定浓度下，土壤Cu-Pb重金属间会相互促进对方在牧草植物中的吸收。4）3种牧草中紫花苜蓿地上部对Cu的富集系数在Cu2Pb2处理组最大，达1.61；黑麦草根部对Cu的富集系数在Cu2Pb2处理组最大，达3.80；3种牧草地上部和根部对Pb的富集系数只在黑麦草根部的Cu1Pb1处理组时大于1，达1.46。5）黑麦草对Pb的吸收能力较强，且主要积累在根系；紫花苜蓿对Cu-Pb复合污染综合修复效果最好。紫花苜蓿和黑麦草分别在Cu-Pb复合污染和Pb单一污染土壤中对Pb的转运系数大于1，分别为2.72和2.06，反映其对土壤中的Pb具有富集潜力。综合表明，黑麦草对重金属Pb具有较强的耐性，在Pb单一污染土壤的植物修复及尾矿废弃地的植被重建中，可优先作为选择的材料；紫花苜蓿对重金属Cu、Pb均具有较强的耐性，在重金属Cu单一或Cu-Pb复合污染土壤的植物修复及尾矿废弃地的植被重建中，可优先作为选择的材料。
关键词:紫花苜蓿/
黑麦草/
狼尾草/
重金属/
Cu/
Pb/
复合污染/
富集/
转运
Abstract:With rapid socio-economic development, the problem of heavy metal contamination of soils is increasingly threatening food security and human health. So far, phytoremediation has been the main mode of treatment of soils for heavy metal pollution. To develop pastures suitable for remediation of complex Cu and Pb contaminated soils, a pot experiment consisting of 9 treatments was set up. The control (CK) was not treated with heavy metal salts. Four other treatments had low and high pollutions of single metals including Cu (Cu1:200 mg·kg-1 Cu2+; Cu2:400 mg·kg-1 Cu2+), Pb (Pb1:300 mg·kg-1 Pb2+; Pb2:800 mg·kg-1 Pb2+). The other four treatments consisted of both Cu and Pb pollutions of Cu1Pb1, Cu1Pb2, Cu2Pb1 and Cu2Pb2. The effects of pastures (forages) plantation on the Cu and Pb contaminated soil remediation were determined by comparing the adaptability and enrichment characteristics of alfalfa (Medicago sativa), ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and pennisetum (Pennisetum alopecuroides). The results showed that:1) the aboveground and belowground biomasses of M. sativa were largest under Pb1 treatment, which were significantly larger than those for the other treatments. The aboveground biomass of L. perenne was largest under Cu1Pb1 treatment and belowground biomass of L. perenne largest under Pb1 treatment. The aboveground biomass of P. alopecuroides was largest under Cu2Pb2 treatment and belowground biomass of P. alopecuroides largest under Cu2 treatment. 2) When the soil was treated solely with Cu, the resistance coefficient of P. alopecuroides was largest among the three pasture species. Then when the soil was treated solely with Pb, the resistance coefficient of M. sativa was largest. For Cu and Pb combined treatment, the resistance coefficient of P. alopecuroides was largest. The order of aboveground biomass, belowground biomass and resistance coefficient of the three pasture plants under high Cu concentration treatments was P. alopecuroides > L. perenne > M. sativa. Then the aboveground biomass, belowground biomass and resistance coefficient of P. alopecuroides were significantly higher than those of L. perenne and M. sativa. 3) Soil contents of Cu and Pb decreased after planting the forage plants. At a certain concentration, soil Cu-Pb promoted the absorption of each other by the pasture plants. 4) The enrichment coefficient of Cu for aboveground biomass of M. sativa was highest under Cu2Pb2 treatment, which was 1.61. Then the enrichment coefficient of Cu for belowground biomass of L. perenne was highest under Cu2Pb2 treatment, which was 3.80. Only the enrichment coefficient of Pb for aboveground and belowground biomass of L. perenne exceeded 1.0, reaching 1.46. 5) The absorption ability of Pb by L. perenne was stronger and accumulated mainly in belowground biomass. M. sativa had the best comprehensive repair effect of complex Cu-Pb pollution. The transport coefficients of Pb in M. sativa and L. perenne were higher than 1.0 in complex Cu-Pb and single Pb polluted soils, respectively, and were 2.72 and 2.06, which reflected their respective potentials for enrichment of Pb in the soil. Thus L. perenne had a stronger tolerance to Pb pollution and was therefore a better remedy for Pb-polluted soils. M. sativa had a stronger tolerance to Cu and Pb and was therefore a better remedy for soils polluted with single Cu or composite Cu-Pb.
Key words:Medicago sativa/
Lolium perenne/
Pennisetum alopecuroides/
Heavy metal/
Cu/
Pb/
Combined pollution/
Enrichment/
Translocation
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图1Cu、Pb单一及复合污染对3种牧草地上部(A)和根部(B)生物量的影响
不同大写字母表示在各重金属处理下3种牧草间差异显著(P < 0.05), 不同小写字母表示在同一牧草不同重金属处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。
Figure1.Effects of Cu, Pb single and combined pollution on shoot (A) and root (B) biomass of three pastures
Different capital letters indicate significant differences among three pastures under the same heavy metal treatment (P < 0.05). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among heavy metal treatments for the same pasture (P < 0.05).
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图2Cu、Pb单一及复合污染中3种牧草的抗性系数
不同大写字母表示在各重金属处理下3种牧草间差异显著(P < 0.05), 不同小写字母表示在同一牧草不同重金属处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。
Figure2.Resistance coefficients of three pastures in Cu, Pb single and combined pollutions
Different capital letters indicate significant differences among three pastures under the same heavy metal treatment (P < 0.05). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among heavy metal treatments for the same pasture (P < 0.05).
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图3Cu、Pb单一及复合污染中3种牧草的Cu、Pb含量
不同小写字母表示各重金属处理下3种牧草间差异显著(P < 0.05)。
Figure3.Cu and Pb contents of three pastures in Cu, Pb single and combined pollutions
Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among three pastures under the same heavy metal treatment (P < 0.05).
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图4Cu、Pb单一及复合污染中3种牧草对Cu、Pb的富集系数
不同小写字母表示各重金属处理下3种牧草间间差异显著(P < 0.05)。
Figure4.Bioaccumulation factors of Cu and Pb of three pastures in Cu, Pb single and combined pollutions
Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among three pastures under the same heavy metal treatment (P < 0.05).
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图5Cu、Pb单一及复合污染中3种牧草对Cu、Pb的转运系数
不同小写字母表示各重金属处理下3种牧草间间差异显著(P < 0.05)。
Figure5.Translocation factors of Cu and Pb of three pastures in Cu, Pb single and combined pollutions
Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among three pastures under the same heavy metal treatment (P < 0.05).
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片表1重金属交互浓度设计及处理代码
Table1.Design of heavy metal interaction concentration and processing code
| Cu2+浓度Cu2+ concentration (mg·kg-1) | Pb2+浓度Pb2+ concentration (mg·kg-1) | ||
| 0 | 300 | 800 | |
| 0 | CK | Pb1 | Pb2 |
| 200 | Cu1 | Cu1Pb1 | Cu1Pb2 |
| 400 | Cu2 | Cu2Pb1 | Cu2Pb2 |
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