宋潇^1,,
伍盘龙¹,
王飞²,
李想¹,
孙仁华²,
张旭珠¹,
夏博辉¹,
刘云慧^{1, 3,,}
1.中国农业大学资源与环境学院 北京 100193
2.农业部农业生态和资源保护总站 北京 100125
3.中国农业大学生物多样性与有机农业北京市重点实验室 北京 100193
基金项目: 北京市自然科学基金项目5162017
国家自然科学基金项目31470514

详细信息

作者简介:宋潇, 主要从事传粉生态系统服务评估研究。E-mail:songxiao0517@163.com

通讯作者:刘云慧, 主要从事景观生态与土地可持续利用研究。E-mail:liuyh@cau.edu.cn

中图分类号:S4;S8

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出版历程

收稿日期:2017-06-20
录用日期:2017-07-19
刊出日期:2018-01-01

Evaluation of pollination service supply and demand of agricultural landscape in Changping District, Beijing

SONG Xiao^1,,
WU Panlong¹,
WANG Fei²,
LI Xiang¹,
SUN Renhua²,
ZHANG Xuzhu¹,
XIA Bohui¹,
LIU Yunhui^{1, 3,,}
1. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
2. Rural Energy & Environment Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100125, China
3. Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
Funds: the Beijing Natural Science Foundation5162017
the National Natural Science Foundation of China31470514

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Corresponding author:Liu Yunhui,E-mail:liuyh@cau.edu.cn

摘要
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摘要
摘要:近年来全球范围内蜜蜂多样性的下降引起了各国科学家与政府对与农业可持续生产密切相关的传粉服务的关注。为了认识和了解区域传粉服务的供给和需求状况，为制定区域传粉管理策略奠定基础，本研究在2016年对北京昌平7种常见生境的野生蜂多样性、植被组成、土壤紧实度、作物种植面积等数据进行了调查，根据野生蜂的物种组成、飞行距离、筑巢偏好和活动季节，生境的植物资源数据和筑巢适宜性数据，结合InVEST模型对研究区传粉服务的供给进行了评估；根据研究区传粉依赖作物种植面积和各种作物对传粉服务的依赖程度，对研究区传粉服务的需求进行了评估；通过叠加传粉服务供给和需求分级图，评估了研究区的传粉服务供需匹配状况。结果显示，自然林是最适宜野生蜂的生境，其次是人工林、荒草地和边界生境；果园既是野生蜂的生境，也对传粉服务有较高的需求；大棚几乎不供给传粉服务，但对传粉服务有较高需求。对传粉供需等级匹配的结果显示，昌平区供给等级高于需求等级的区域占34.2%，大部分分布于山区，有较高的传粉服务供给和较低的传粉服务需求，具有较高保护价值；供给等级低于需求等级的区域占13.9%，多分布于靠近山区的平原地区，虽然具有较高的传粉服务供给，但也具有最高的需求等级；供给等级与需求等级持平的区域占51.9%，远离山区的平原地区由于具有较多半自然生境，传粉服务的供需基本是匹配的。最后，文章对研究区传粉服务提升提出了管理建议：对于高供给-中/低需求的区域（重点保护区），建议发展低管理强度的有机农业，保护区域内的生境；对于中/低供给-高需求的区域（重点提升区、一般提升区），建议使用养殖蜜蜂提升传粉服务，同时在景观尺度上增加自然/半自然生境比例，建立生态廊道以增加生境之间的连通度；对于供需等级较为一致的区域（重点维持区、一般维持区），建议降低农业区域的管理强度，同时增加生境间的连接度，以实现传粉服务的可持续供给。
关键词:农业景观/
生境/
野生蜂多样性/
生态系统服务/
传粉供给/
传粉需求
Abstract:The diversity of bees has declined in recent years around the world. This has raised concerns about pollination service, which is closely linked with sustainable agricultural production. To understand the supply and demand of regional pollination service and laid the basis for developing a regional pollination management strategy, we investigated seven common habitat types, which were forest, woodland, grassland, orchard, greenhouse, road boundary, field margin, and one non-habitat land in Changping District of Beijing in 2016. The data including bee (species, flying distance, nesting preference and active season), vegetation (vegetation composition, flowering season, nectar/pollen resources), nesting suitability (soil compaction) and crop area were collected. The supply of pollination service in the study area was evaluated by using the InVEST model, which was based on species composition, flight distance, nesting preference and activity season of wild bees. The model also used data of plant resources and nesting suitability in the habitat to estimate the dependent degree of crops on pollination. The demand for pollination service was evaluated based on planting area and dependence on pollination service of crops. Furthermore, the match between pollination service supply and demand was studies by stacking the levels of supply and demand. The results showed that natural forests were the most suitable habitat for wild bee production, followed by woodlands, grasslands and border habitats. Orchards too were wild bee habitats and also had high demand for pollination service. Greenhouse barely provided pollination service, but had a high demand for it. The supply and demand match results showed that in Changping area, pollination service supply exceeded demand. The areas where supply level was higher than demand level accounted for 34.2%, mostly distributed in mountain areas. The areas with the highest supply and lower demand for pollination service was worthy for protection. The areas with lower supply than demand accounted for 13.9% and were distributed in plain regions near mountains. Although such areas had a relatively high supply, demand was the highest. Areas with the same supply-demand accounted for 51.9%, distributed in plain areas far from mountains. In these areas, the supply and demand for pollination service were basically in balanced match because of the high proportion of semi-natural habitats. Finally, some management strategies were suggested to improve pollination service in the study area. For the areas with higher supply and medium/lower demand (key protected region), it was suggested to develop organic agricultural with less management to protect habitat. For medium/lower supply and higher demand areas (key improved and generally improved regions), it was necessary to improve pollination service by breeding bee and increase nat-ural/semi-natural habitat, and strengthen connectivity among habitats through ecological corridor construction. For the area with balanced supply and demand (key maintained, and generally maintained regions), decreasing management intensity of agricultural area and increasing connectivity among habitats were important for keeping sustainable pollination service supply.
Key words:Agricultural landscape/
Habitat/
Wild bee biodiversity/
Ecosystem service/
Pollination supply/
Pollination demand

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图1昌平区传粉服务供需评估技术路线图
Figure1.Technology roadmap of evaluating pollination service supply and demand in Changping District


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图2昌平区遥感(RS)影像分类方法
Figure2.Classification methods of remote sensing (RS) images of Changping District


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图3InVEST模型计算出的昌平区传粉服务供给空间分布
a植物资源可用性; b筑巢适宜性; c传粉者相对多度。
Figure3.Distribution of pollination service supply evaluated by InVEST model
a: flora resource; b: nesting suitability; c: pollinator abundance index.


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图4昌平区传粉服务需求分布图
Figure4.Distribution of demand of pollination service in Changping District


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图5昌平区传粉服务供需匹配图
Figure5.Distribution of different supply-demand relationship areas in Changping District


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图6昌平区传粉服务管理分区
Figure6.Pollination management zoning map of Changping District


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表1昌平区主要蔬菜与水果对传粉的依赖度
Table1.Dependency levels of main vegetables and fruits on pollination in Changping District

作物Crop	传粉依赖度Pollination dependency ratio (%)
苹果?Malus pumila	76
梨?Pyrus bretschneideri	98
桃?Amygdalus persica	49
樱桃?Cerasus pseudocerasus	49
李子?Prunus salicina	30
葡萄?Vitis vinifera	5
枣?Ziziphus jujuba	46
杏?Armeniaca vulgaris	42
柿子?Diospyros kaki	26
黄瓜?Cucumis sativus	35
冬瓜?Benincasa hispida	71
南瓜?Cucurbita moschata	67
西葫芦?Cucurbita pepo	92
番茄?Lycopersicon esculentum	66
辣椒?Capsicum annuum	70
茄子?Solanum melongena	40
菜豆?Phaseolus vulgaris	10
豇豆?Vigna unguiculata	10

下载: 导出CSV
表2昌平区不同供需关系区域面积及比例
Table2.Area and proportion of different supply-demand relationship areas in Changping District

供需关系类型Supply-demand relationship	面积 Area (km2)	所占比例 Proportion (%)
低供给-高需求 Low supply-high demand	0.12	0.11
低供给-中需求 Low supply-medium demand	0.23	0.21
低供给-低需求 Low supply-low demand	14.24	12.96
中供给-高需求 Medium supply-high demand	14.90	13.56
中供给-中需求 Medium supply-medium demand	30.91	28.13
中供给-低需求 Medium supply-low demand	3.13	2.85
高供给-高需求 High supply-high demand	11.91	10.84
高供给-中需求 High supply-medium demand	33.73	30.70
高供给-低需求 High supply-low demand	0.69	0.63

下载: 导出CSV
表3昌平区传粉服务管理区景观指数
Table3.Landscape indexes of different pollination management areas in Changping District

管理区 Management zone	自然/半自然生境比例 Ratio of natural/ semi-natural habitat (%)	耕作区域比例 Ratio of farming area (%)	生境连接度 Habitat connectivity
一般提升区 General enhancement zone	41.29	12.44	0.02
一般维持区 General maintenance zone	43.27	9.68	0.02
重点提升区 Key enhancement zone	28.07	7.38	0.15
重点维持区 Key maintenance zone	71.18	13.28	0.04
重点保护区 Key protection zone	92.80	9.05	0.20

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