秦晓波2,,,
吕成文1,
李玉娥2,
吴红宝1, 2,
廖育林3,
鲁艳红3
1.安徽师范大学国土资源与旅游学院 芜湖 241000
2.中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所/农业部农业环境重点实验室 北京 100081
3.湖南省土壤肥料研究所 长沙 410125
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金面上项目41475129
国家自然科学基金面上项目41775157
国家发改委CDM基金赠款项目2014081
详细信息
作者简介:赵强, 主要从事小流域氮循环及其稳定同位素溯源研究。E-mail:2459407179@qq.com
通讯作者:秦晓波, 主要从事农业生态系统温室气体减排及氮碳循环研究。E-mail:qinxiaobo@caas.cn
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出版历程
收稿日期:2017-06-09
录用日期:2017-08-18
刊出日期:2018-01-01
Distribution of nitrogen and its stable isotope from a small agricultural catchment in the subtropics
ZHAO Qiang1, 2,,QIN Xiaobo2,,,
LYU Chengwen1,
LI Yu'e2,
WU Hongbao1, 2,
LIAO Yulin3,
LU Yanhong3
1. College of Territorial Resources and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
2. Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
3. Soil and Fertilizer Institute of Hunan Province, Changsha 410125, China
Funds: the National Natural Science Foundation of China41475129
the National Natural Science Foundation of China41775157
the China National Development and Reform Commission CDM Foundation2014081
More Information
Corresponding author:QIN Xiaobo, E-mail: qinxiaobo@caas.cn
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摘要
摘要:为控制流域氮素养分流失、改善流域水体环境，以亚热带典型农业小流域脱甲河为研究对象，对表层水体铵态氮（NH4+-N）、硝态氮（NO3--N）浓度和水体硝态氮δ15N（δ15N-NO3-）、沉积物有机质δ15N（δ15N-Org）浓度进行了连续试验观测，分析氮素浓度及其稳定同位素值的时空特征，探讨影响氮素分布的环境因子及水体NO3-和沉积物有机质氮素的可能来源。结果表明：水体NO3--N浓度明显高于NH4+-N，均值分别为1.62 mg·L-1和0.90 mg·L-1，并且分别在6月、8月及冬季较高；城镇区和农田区水体NH4+-N浓度与其他类型区差异显著（P < 0.05），并且显著高于其他水体；NO3--N浓度在城镇区、农田区及山间林地区较高，水库区较低。支流NH4+-N浓度高于干流，均表现为冬季 > 春季 > 夏季 > 秋季；干流、支流NO3--N浓度分别表现为冬季 > 夏季 > 秋季 > 春季、秋季 > 冬季 > 夏季 > 春季。源头和出口处水体均表现为NO3--N浓度高于NH4+-N，源头处氮素浓度低于出口处。水体δ15N-NO3-及底泥δ15N-Org值分布范围分别为-19.87‰~8.11‰和-0.69‰~6.51‰，水体δ15N-NO3-最高值在Ⅲ级河段，最低值出现于Ⅳ级河段，各级河段间水体δ15N-NO3- 11月差异较小，而1、2月差异明显；河流底泥δ15N-Org最高值也位于Ⅲ级河段，而最低值则在Ⅰ级河段，Ⅲ、Ⅳ级河段δ15N-Org值随时间变化趋势较为一致，Ⅰ、Ⅱ级河段δ15N-Org最小值出现于1月。总之，脱甲河水体存在氮素污染现象且以外源输入为主，水体氮素来源主要为土壤有机质、人工合成肥料及陆源有机质，开展流域氮素分布及来源研究对认识流域尺度氮污染物的源解析具有一定科学意义。
关键词:脱甲河/
亚热带/
农业小流域/
氮污染/
氮同位素/
氮素来源
Abstract:The Tuojia River basin, a typical agricultural catchment in the subtropics, was investigated in this study to clarify the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of nitrogen and the related stable isotopes in water system of the catchment. The environmental factors influencing nitrogen distribution and the sources of nitrate nitrogen and sediment organic matter nitrogen were also determined. The concentrations of NH4+-N and NO3--N in surface water were analyzed in a continuous monitoring experiment. At the same time, the characteristics of δ15N-NO3- in water and of δ15N-Org in sediments were determined. Results showed that the concentration of NO3--N was significantly higher than that of NH4+-N in the river, with respective mean values of 1.62 mg·L-1 and 0.90 mg·L-1. Higher values occurred in June, August and winter periods. NH4+-N concentrations in urban and farmland regions were significantly different (P < 0.05) from other areas and obviously higher than that in other water bodies. The concentrations of NO3--N in urban, farmland and forest areas were higher than in other regions, with lower values in reservoir areas. The order of seasonal variations in NH4+-N concentration in mainstream and tributary flows was winter > spring > summer > autumn, while that of NO3--N concentration was winter > summer > autumn > spring in mainstream, and autumn > winter > summer > spring in tributary flows. The concentrations of NO3--N of mainstream and tributary flows were high but similar, and NH4+-N concentration in tributary flow was higher than that in mainstream flow. At source and estuary, NO3--N concentration was higher than NH4+-N concentration. Also, nitrogen concentration of at source was lower than that in estuaries. The distributions of δ15N values (δ15N-NO3-) in the river and δ15N in sediment organic matters (δ15N-Org) were respectively -19.87‰ to 8.11‰ and -0.69‰ to 6.51‰. While the highest value of δ15N-NO3- was in the reach Ⅲ, the lowest was in the reach Ⅳ. The difference in δ15N-NO3- among different reaches was small in November, but was obvious in January and February. While the highest value of δ15N-Org in river sediment was also in the reach, the lowest was in the reach Ⅰ. The variation trend in δ15N-Org in the reach Ⅲ and reach Ⅳ was consistent with change in research time. However, the lowest δ15N-Org was in January in the reach Ⅰ and Ⅱ. The research indicated that there was nitrogen pollution in Tuojia River basin, and exogenous nitrogen was the priority in the region. The main environmental factors that influenced water pollution in the region included domestic sewage, industrial wastewater, farmland nitrogen and livestock/poultry waste. In addition, the sources of nitrogen in water bodies and sediments were mainly soil organic matter, synthetic fertilizers and terrestrial organic matter. The source of nitrogen in river systems was consistent with the identified environmental factors that caused nitrogen pollution. The study of the distributions and sources of nitrogen in the basin provided scientific basis for controlling nitrogen loss in the catchment, guiding agricultural production and improving water environment in the study area.
Key words:Tuojia River basin/
Subtropics/
Agricultural basin/
Nitrogen pollution/
Nitrogen isotope/
Nitrogen source
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图1脱甲河采样点分布
Figure1.Distribution of sampling sites in the Tuojia River basin
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图2脱甲河水体NH4+-N和NO3--N浓度变化特征
Figure2.Variation characteristics of NH4+-N and NO3--N concentrations in Tuojia River
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图3研究期间不同类型区水体的NH4+-N和NO3--N浓度(a)及不同季节不同类型区NH4+-N(b)和NO3--N(c)浓度变化特征
图 3a中不同字母表示不同类型区水体NH4+-N、NO3--N浓度差异显著(P < 0.05)。图 3b、3c中不同字母表示同一类型区水体四季NH4+-N、NO3--N浓度差异显著(P < 0.05)。Different letters in the figure 3a indicate significant differences at 0.05 level in NH4+-N, NO3--N concentration among different land use types. Different letters in the figure 3b and 3c indicate significant differences at 0.05 level in NH4+-N, NO3--N concentration among four seasons for the same land use type.
Figure3.Concentrations of NH4+-N and NO3--N during the study period (a) and seasonal concentration variations of NH4+-N (b) and NO3--N (c) of water body of different land use types
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图4脱甲河干流和支流水体NH4+-N和NO3--N季节变化特征
图中不同小、大写字母分别表示干流、支流四季差异显著(P < 0.05)。Different lowercase and capital letters indicate significant differences at 0.05 level among four seasons for mainstream and tributaries, respectively.
Figure4.Seasonal variation characteristics of NH4+-N and NO3--N concentrations of mainstream and tributaries of Tuojia River
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图5脱甲河源头和河口水体NH4+-N和NO3--N季节变化
图中不同小、大写字母分别表示源头、出口四季差异显著(P < 0.05)。Different lowercase and capital letters indicate significant differences at 0.05 level among four seasons for source and estuary, respectively.
Figure5.Seasonal variation characteristics of NH4+-N and NO3--N concentrations of source and estuary in Tuojia River
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图6脱甲河水体(a)和底泥有机质(b)的δ15N值变化特征
图中A7、B3、A5和A1分别代表Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ级河段。In the figure, A7, B3, A5 and A1 represent the reaches Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ of Tuojia River, respectively.
Figure6.Variation characteristics of δ15N values of water body (a) and organic matters of sediments (b) of Tuojia River
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图7脱甲河水体、沉积物及常见氮素来源的δ15N值分布[44-47]
图中正方形和棱形分别代表各常见氮素来源δ15N的高、低值, 圆形为本试验观测的水体和沉积物有机质的δ15N值。In the figure, the squares and prisms represent high and low values of δ15N of the common nitrogen sources, respectively; the circles represent the δ15N values of the water body and organic matter of the sediments observed in this experiment.
Figure7.Distribution of δ15N values of the water body, sediments and common nitrogen sources in Tuojia River[44-47]
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片表1脱甲河干支流、源头及河口NH4+-N和NO3--N浓度
Table1.Concentrations of NH4+-N and NO3--N of mainstream, tributaries, source and estuary of Tuojia River
| 干流 Mainstream | 支流 Tributaries | 源头 Source | 出口 Estuary | |
| NH4+-N (mg·L-1) | 0.79±0.06 | 1.24±0.12 | 0.50±0.15 | 0.73±0.06 |
| NO3--N (mg·L-1) | 1.57±0.06 | 1.53±0.07 | 0.94±0.10 | 1.60±0.10 |
下载: 导出CSV表2其他流域水体NH4+-N、NO3--N浓度
Table2.Concentrations of NH4+-N and NO3--N in other river basins
| 流域River basin | NH4+-N (mg·L-1) | NO3--N (mg·L-1) | 文献来源Source of literature |
| 东江Dongjiang River | 0.30±0.16 | 0.87±0.33 | [9] |
| 汉江Hanjiang River | 1.04 | 1.75 | [29] |
| 赣江Ganjiang River | 0.48 | 1.64 | [30] |
| 丹江口Danjiangkou area | 0.71 | — | [33] |
| 子牙河Ziya River | 24.87 | 2.34 | [34] |
| 海河Haihe River | 4.25 | 1.28 | [35] |
| 鄱阳湖Poyanghu | 0.47 | 0.98 | [31] |
| 太湖Taihu | 0.75±0.18 | 2.94±0.64 | [32] |
| 脱甲河Tuojia River | 1.26±1.03 | 1.43±0.55 | [23] |
| 脱甲河Tuojia River | 0.63±1.70 | 1.55±0.03 | [36] |
| 脱甲河Tuojia River | 0.90±0.10 | 1.62±0.16 | 本研究This research |
下载: 导出CSV参考文献
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