Dynamic characteristics of metal element content and return of Casuarina equisetifolia litter at different distances to the coastline
Feng YUAN1,2, Yan-Yan WANG1,2, Mao-Jin LI3, Chuan-Yang JIANG4, He-Na LIU1,2, Kun-Ling LI1,2, Tao HONG1,2, Cheng-Zhen WU5, Can CHEN,1,2,*1College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China 2Collegiate Key Lab of Forest-Ecosystem Process and Management in Fujian, Fuzhou 350002, China 3Chihu State-owned Protective Forest Farm of Huian, Fujian Province, Quanzhou, Fujian 362200, China 4Diantou State-owned Protective Forest Farm of Jinjiang, Fujian Province, Quanzhou, Fujian 362200, China 5College of Ecology and Resource Engineering, Wuyi University, Nanping, Fujian 354300, China
National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFD060130403) Fujian Forestry Science and Technology Project(闽林科便函〔2018〕26号) Scientific Research Project of Fujian Provincial Department of Education(JT180134)
Abstract Aims Accurate estimation of the variation of nutrient cycling along environmental gradients within an ecosystem is important for assessing their ecological functions. The aim of this study is to explore the effects of different habitats on the metal element content and nutrient return dynamics of Casuarina equisetifolia. Methods Taking the litter of C. equisetifolia in Chihu State-owned Protective Forest Farm of Huian, Fujian Province as the research object. Five distances named T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 respectively, were selected in order of near to far from the coastline, and the litter was collected to determine the metal element content. Important findings We found that: 1) Different coastal distances had significant effects on the content and return of each element of C. equisetifolia litter. The element content and return from the forest edge zone to interior forest were linear. In order of near to far from the coastline, sodium (Na) content gradually decreases. Iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn) increased since T4, and their changing trend and amount of the return and content along the gradient were similar. 2) There were significant differences on the content of litter elements among different months. Litter Na, Fe, Cu, and Zn had similarities, and had lowest value in June and November. Litter Mn fluctuated after falling from February to April. The return amount was generally similar between litter Na and Cu, with peaks in May, August, and next January; Litter Mn, Fe, and Zn showed similar return amount, with peaks in May, August, and next January. 3) Na content in soils at different distances from the coastline decreased gradually, while other elements fluctuated and did not show significant difference along the gradient. 4) Litter Na and Fe were significantly positively correlated, and litter Na and Zn, Fe and Cu, and Fe and Zn were extremely significantly positively correlated, respectively. There was a positive correlation for the same element between soil and litter and the correlation was significant for Na and Cu. The difference in litter element was greatly affected by the difference in resorption rate during litter falling at different timing along the distance gradient. The temporal difference among different months was due to the requirements from plant life activity. The difference in the return of the element was related to the amount of litterfall and the content of elements in the litter. Keywords：Casuarina equisetifolia;litter;metal elements;nutrient content;nutrient return;coastal environment
PDF (1023KB)元数据多维度评价相关文章导出EndNote|Ris|Bibtex收藏本文 引用本文 袁锋, 王艳艳, 李茂瑾, 江传阳, 刘贺娜, 李坤玲, 洪滔, 吴承祯, 陈灿. 不同海岸距离上木麻黄凋落叶金属元素含量及归还量动态特征. 植物生态学报, 2020, 44(8): 819-827. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0091 YUAN Feng, WANG Yan-Yan, LI Mao-Jin, JIANG Chuan-Yang, LIU He-Na, LI Kun-Ling, HONG Tao, WU Cheng-Zhen, CHEN Can. Dynamic characteristics of metal element content and return of Casuarina equisetifolia litter at different distances to the coastline. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2020, 44(8): 819-827. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0091
试验地位于福建省惠安赤湖国有防护林场(24.58° N, 118.92° E), 属南亚热带海洋性气候, 年平均气温20 ℃, 年温差达30 ℃, 无霜期320天, 年降水量1 029 mm, 台风、暴雨集中在夏季7、8月份, 年蒸发量达2 000 mm, 干湿季极为明显且干旱频度大。夏季多西南风, 秋冬多东北风, 8级以上的大风天达105天, 风口位于距高潮线20 m的基干林带前沿。地形平缓, 海拔最高4 m, 坡度0°-10°, 土壤主要为风积沙土, 土层厚度60-80 cm, 肥力低。试验地为人工营造的木麻黄纯林, “十五”期间建立了固定生态定位观察点, 不受人为干扰(谭芳林, 2003)。
1.2 样地设置
于2018年1月, 沿垂直于海岸线方向, 从基干林带开始按照离海由近及远的顺序设置5个样地, 分别距海岸线30 (T1)、60 (T2)、90 (T3)、120 (T4)和150 m (T5), 前期进行调查, 防止出现样地内缺失木麻黄树木的状况, 样地内木麻黄均为27年生, 林下灌木、草本植物稀少, 凋落物厚度约2-4 cm, 为避免相邻样地凋落物发生干扰, 相邻样地间隔10 m, 另在离海300 m的木麻黄林内设置对照(TCK), 在每个距离上与海岸线平行方向随机加局部控制(郁闭度、健康树木)设置3个样方(5 m × 5 m), 样方内按随机加局部控制(郁闭度)设置3个聚乙烯塑料材质的尼龙网制作的凋落物收集框, 考虑到沿海大风及木麻黄针叶的特点, 每个框为0.5 m × 0.5 m, 框网孔径1 mm, 离地0.5 m。各样地的林分特征等信息见表1。
Table 1 表1 表1福建海岸采样点木麻黄林基本特征(平均值±标准偏差) Table 1Basic characteristics of Casuarina equisetifolia at different distances to Fujian coastline (mean ± SD)
Table 2 表2 表2不同海岸距离木麻黄凋落叶金属元素含量(g·kg-1)(平均值±标准偏差) Table 2Contents of metal elements in Casuarina equisetifolia litters at different distances to the coastline (g·kg-1)(mean ± SD)
海岸距离 Coastal distance (m)
Na
Mn
Fe
Cu
Zn
30 (T1)
6.091 ± 1.135a
0.067 ± 0.020c
0.267 ± 0.110a
0.0043 ± 0.002a
0.020 ± 0.003b
60 (T2)
5.327 ± 1.346a
0.093 ± 0.033b
0.226 ± 0.113ab
0.0036 ± 0.002ab
0.016 ± 0.003ab
90 (T3)
5.084 ± 1.431a
0.078 ± 0.014bc
0.175 ± 0.059b
0.0027 ± 0.002bc
0.016 ± 0.004ab
120 (T4)
4.408 ± 1.689b
0.063 ± 0.011c
0.168 ± 0.062b
0.0022 ± 0.001c
0.012 ± 0.003ab
150 (T5)
3.823 ± 1.283b
0.073 ± 0.011c
0.174 ± 0.049b
0.0033 ± 0.002ac
0.016 ± 0.002ab
300 (TCK)
1.973 ± 0.587c
0.204 ± 0.036a
0.188 ± 0.056b
0.0030 ± 0.001bc
0.024 ± 0.004a
平均值 Mean
4.451 ± 1.442
0.096 ± 0.054
0.200 ± 0.039
0.0032 ± 0.0007
0.019 ± 0.009
同列不同小写字母表示差异显著(p < 0.05)。 Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant difference at 0.05 level.
Table 3 表3 表3不同海岸距离木麻黄凋落叶养分含量及归还量回归方程 Table 3Equations for the calculation of litter element content and return of Casuarina equisetifolia at different distances to the coastline
元素 Element
含量 Content (g·kg-1)
归还量 Return amount (kg·hm-2)
方程 Equation
R2
p
方程 Equation
R2
p
Na
y = -0.7365x + 7.0288
0.913 3
0.000
y = -8.978x + 73.306
0.897 3
0.000
Mn
y = 0.0112x2 - 0.0607x + 0.1395
0.689 4
0.000
y = 0.0889x2 - 0.4939x + 1.29
0.489 8
0.000
Fe
y = 0.009x2 - 0.0788x + 0.3393
0.977 3
0.019
y = -0.24x + 2.644
0.813 4
0.002
Cu
y = 0.002x2 - 0.0015x + 0.0056
0.780 3
0.022
y = 0.0012x2 - 0.0115x + 0.0505
0.776 0
0.054
Zn
y = 0.0013x2 - 0.0086x + 0.0276
0.833 1
0.019
y = -0.014x + 0.1962
0.664 8
0.009
y, 含量或归还量; x, 距离(m)。 y, content or return amount; x, distance to the coastline (m).
Table 4 表4 表4不同海岸距离木麻黄凋落叶金属元素养分归还量(kg·hm-2)(平均值±标准偏差) Table 4The amount of nutrients returned from the litter of Casuarina equisetifolia at different distances to the coastline (kg·hm-2)(mean ± SD)
海岸距离 Coastal distance (m)
Na
Mn
Fe
Cu
Zn
30 (T1)
56.196 ± 19.596a
0.636 ± 0.264b
2.388 ± 1.008a
0.037 ± 0.012a
0.178 ± 0.048ab
60 (T2)
59.136 ± 23.580a
0.960 ± 0.264ab
2.364 ± 0.924a
0.038 ± 0.024ab
0.176 ± 0.072ab
90 (T3)
53.532 ± 17.136a
0.876 ± 0.360ab
1.848 ± 0.696ab
0.026 ± 0.012ab
0.174 ± 0.060ab
120 (T4)
40.656 ± 21.816ac
0.612 ± 0.252ab
1.572 ± 0.756ab
0.020 ± 0.012b
0.110 ± 0.048b
150 (T5)
25.896 ± 10.416bc
0.528 ± 0.216ab
1.176 ± 0.432b
0.024 ± 0.012ab
0.116 ± 0.048b
300 (TCK)
15.864 ± 10.908b
1.848 ± 1.512a
1.476 ± 0.948ab
0.026 ± 0.024ab
0.128 ± 0.068a
平均值 Mean
41.880 ± 17.733
0.910 ± 0.489
1.804 ± 0.492
0.029 ± 0.007
0.147 ± 0.0.32
同列不同小写字母表示差异显著(p < 0.05)。 Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant difference at 0.05 level.
Table 6 表6 表6不同海岸距离木麻黄凋落叶金属元素含量之间及与土壤元素含量的Pearson相关分析(n = 12) Table 6Pearson correlation analysis between the metal elements content in the litter of Casuarina equisetifolia at different distances to the coastline and soil elements content (n = 12)
NaL
MnL
FeL
CuL
ZnL
MnL
0.426, 0.167 (ns)
1
FeL
0.660, <0.05
0.117, 0.717 (ns)
1
CuL
0.388, 0.213 (ns)
-0.034, 0.917 (ns)
0.724, <0.01
1
ZnL
0.825, <0.01
0.324, 0.304 (ns)
0.740, <0.01
0.550, 0.064 (ns)
1
pH
0.971, <0.05
0.777, 0.069 (ns)
0.695, 0.126 (ns)
0.613, 0.196 (ns)
0.617, 0.192 (ns)
NaS-NaL
MnS-MnL
FeS-FeL
CuS-CuL
ZnS-ZnL
0.987, <0.01
0.677, 0.140 (ns)
0.609, 0.200 (ns)
0.895, <0.05
0.769, 0.074 (ns)
表中数值为r和p值。NaL、MnL、FeL、CuL、ZnL分别表示凋落叶钠、锰、铁、铜和锌含量; NaS、MnS、FeS、CuS、ZnS分别表示土壤钠、锰、铁、铜和锌含量。ns, 不显著(p > 0.05)。 Values in the table are r and p values. NaL, MnL, FeL, CuL, ZnL represent the sodium, manganese, iron, copper and zinc content of litter; NaS, MnS, FeS, CuS, ZnS represent the sodium, manganese, iron, copper and zinc content of soil. ns, not significant (p > 0.05).
ChapinIII FS, MatsonPA, VitousehPM (2002). Principles of Terrestrial Ecosystem Ecology Springer, New York. [本文引用: 1]
EbemayerE (1876). Die gesammte Lehre der Waldstreu mit Rücksicht auf die chemische Statik des Waldbaues. Unter Zugrundlegung der in den K?nigl. Staatsforsten Bayerns angestellten Untersuchungen Springer, Berlin. [本文引用: 1]
FangYT, MoJM, ZhouGY, ZhangDQ, XueJH (2005). Minor nutrient element status of plant and soil in a lower subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve Guihaia, 25, 504-510. [本文引用: 1]
JiaBR (2019). Litter decomposition and its underlying mechanisms Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 43, 648-657. DOI:10.17521/cjpe.2019.0097URL [本文引用: 3] In order to understand the research progress of litter decomposition and its underlying mechanisms, this paper presented a bibliometric analysis of litter decomposition in China from 1986 to 2018 based on the four common literature databases, including CNKI, ISI Web of Science, ScienceDirect and Springer Link. Litter decomposition researches are mainly from forest ecosystems (65%), and focus on above-ground litter. This suggests that the studies on below-ground litter decomposition should be strengthened in the future. About 68% studies focused on the litters from dominant species, which couldn’t represent the natural decomposition characteristics due to the mixed effects among litters from multiple species. Besides carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, we should pay more attention to other key chemical components related with decomposition (e.g. K, Fe, Mn, lignin, tannin, etc.) and the heavy metal elements related with environmental pollution. Meanwhile, ecological stoichiometry is an effective method to interlink the biogeochemical cycle in the plant-litter-soil system. Nitrogen deposition and climate change are hot topics in the field of litter decomposition, especially the interactions of multiple factors (e.g. nitrogen, phosphorus, etc.), temperature sensitivity of litter decomposition and underlying mechanisms in permafrost under climate warming context. [ 贾丙瑞 (2019). 凋落物分解及其影响机制 植物生态学报, 43, 648-657.] [本文引用: 3]
JinMH, DingZH, ZhouHC, YeGF (2014). Absorption and enrichment of heavy metals by Casuarina equisetifolia of different stand ages in a coastal zone Chinese Journal of Ecology, 33, 2183-2187. URL [本文引用: 2] Casuarina equisetifolia, the concentrations of heavy metals including Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb in branchlet, fine root, litter and soil of C. equisetifolia forests at four ages (10, 16, 20, 30) were determined. The results showed that the enrichment degree of the heavy metals in C. equisetifolia ranked as Zn>Cr>Pb>Cu>Cd. Correlation analysis showed that Cr and Cu, Pb, Fe and Cu, Zn and Cd had significant synergies in the fine roots of C. equisetifolia. C. equisetifolia had a higher capability of absorbing and accumulating heavy metals. Annual accumulation of heavy metals was highest in 20 years old C. equisetifolia. Our results indicate that C. equisetifolia has a great potential for reducing the pollution of heavy metals, especially for the 20 years old forest.]]> [ 靳明华, 丁振华, 周海超, 叶功富 (2014). 海岸带不同林龄木麻黄对重金属的吸收与富集作用 生态学杂志, 33, 2183-2187.] [本文引用: 2]
JugsujindaA, PatrickJr WH (1993). Evaluation of toxic conditions associated with oranging symptoms of rice in a flooded Oxisol in Sumatra, Indonesia Plant and Soil, 152, 237-243. DOI:10.1007/BF00029093URL [本文引用: 1]
KnechtMF, G?ranssonA (2004). Terrestrial plants require nutrients in similar proportions Tree Physiology, 24, 447-460. DOI:10.1093/treephys/24.4.447URLPMID:14757584 [本文引用: 1] Theoretical considerations based on nutrition experiments suggest that nutrient ratios of terrestrial plants are similar to the Redfield ratio found in marine phytoplankton. Laboratory experiments have shown that seedlings of many different plant species have similar nutrient concentration ratios when supplied with nutrients at free access. However, at free access, nutrients are likely to be taken up in amounts in excess of a plant's requirements for growth. In further experiments, therefore, the supply rate of each nutrient was reduced so that excessive uptake did not occur. Again, similar nutrient ratios were found among the plant species tested, although the ratios differed from those found in plants given free access to nutrients. Based on the law of the minimum, we suggest that optimum nutrient ratios be defined as the ratios found in plants when all nutrients are limiting growth simultaneously. The literature on nutrient concentrations was surveyed to investigate nutrient ratios in terrestrial ecosystems. Nutrients taken into consideration were nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium. Based on the assumption that nitrogen is either the limiting nutrient or, when not limiting, is taken up only in small excess amounts, we calculated nutrient ratios from published data. The calculated ratios corresponded closely to the ratios determined in laboratory and field experiments.
Lado-MonserratL, LidónA, BautistaI (2016). Litterfall, litter decomposition and associated nutrient fluxes in Pinus halepensis: influence of tree removal intensity in a Mediterranean forest European Journal of Forest Research, 135, 203-214. DOI:10.1007/s10342-015-0923-xURL [本文引用: 1]
LiuL, ZhaoCM, XuWT, ShenGZ, XieZQ (2019). Litter nutrient characteristics of mixed evergreen and deciduous broadleaved forests in Shennongjia, China Acta Ecologica Sinica, 39, 7611-7620.
LiXG, KangXR, CaiZY, ZhangHD, ZhangJF, HeGP, ChenGC (2019). Heavy metal tolerance, accumulation and distribution in five clones of Casuarina equisetifolia Chinese Journal of Ecology, 38, 2094-2101. [本文引用: 1]
MarschnerH (1986). Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants Academic Press, London, [本文引用: 1]
MoJM, XueJH, FangYT (2004). Litter decomposition and its responses to simulated N deposition for the major plants of Dinghushan forests in subtropical China Acta Ecologica Sinica, 24, 1413-1420. [本文引用: 1]
PereiraGHA, JordaoHCK, SilvaVFV, PereiraMG (2016). Litter and nutrient flows in tropical upland forest flooded by a hydropower plant in the Amazonian basin Science of the Total Environment, 572, 157-168. DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.177URL [本文引用: 1]
RobertB, CaritatA, BertoniG, VilarL, MolinasM (1996). Nutrient content and seasonal fluctuations in the leaf component of cork-oak (Quercus suber L.) litterfall Vegetatio, 122, 29-35. DOI:10.1007/BF00052813URL [本文引用: 1]
ShenA, ZhuJJ, YanT, LuDL, YangK (2018). Effects of leaf nutrient concentration and resorption on leaf falling time of dominant broad-leaved species in a montane region of eastern Liaoning Province, China Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 42, 573-584. DOI:10.17521/cjpe.2018.0041URL [本文引用: 1] Aims Litter is an important source of nutrient in forest ecosystems, and its decomposition rate has a significant impact on soil nutrient supply. Previous observations indicated that different leaf falling time resulted in different litter decomposition rates. We found that the leaf falling time of Quercus mongolica was later than that of other tree species, especially in the barren soil. However, it is not yet clear why the leaves of Q. mongolica fall later. We hypothesized that the leaves of Q. mongolica had higher nutrient concentration, and longer time for resorption, which could lead to the later time of leaf falling. Methods We continuously measured N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn concentrations in leaves of three tree species (Q. mongolica, the leaf falling time is the last; Juglans mandshurica, the leaf falling time is the earliest, Acer mono, the leaf falling time is in between Q. mongolica and J. mandshurica) from leaf maturity (August) to litter fall (October) in a montane region of eastern Liaoning Province. We analyzed leaf nutrient concentrations and resorption efficiencies of each species. Important findings The nutrient concentrations in mature leaves of Q. mongolica are similar to those of other tree species. N, P and K concentrations in the litter of Q. mongolica were significantly lower than those of other species (p Q. mongolica have higher nutrient concentrations than other species. The resorption efficiencies of N, P and K did not influence leaf nutrient concentrations, but were directly related to the biological characteristics of tree species. The leaves of Q. mongolica fall later, which might be due to the high adaptability of Q. mongolica to the barren soil. Although the mature leaves could not accumulate more nutrients from barren soil, they increased the nutrient use efficiency by prolonging the nutrient resorption time. We inferred that leaves with higher nutrient resorption efficiency would fall later, because of greater nutrient storage such as Q. mongolica, which is better adapted to barren soil than other tree species. On the contrary, trees with lower nutrient resorption efficiency generally grow better in the fertile soil, such as J. mandshurica. ]]> [ 申奥, 朱教君, 闫涛, 卢德亮, 杨凯 (2018). 辽东山区主要阔叶树种叶片养分含量和再吸收对落叶时间的影响 植物生态学报, 42, 573-584.] [本文引用: 1]
ShuklaG, PalaNA, ChakravartyS (2017). Quantification of organic carbon and primary nutrients in litter and soil in a foothill forest plantation of eastern Himalaya Journal of Forestry Research, 28, 1195-1202. DOI:10.1007/s11676-017-0394-7URL [本文引用: 1]
TanFL (2003). Study on litter decomposition and nutrient release in Casuarina equisetifolia protective plantation ecosystem Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 39(Suppl. 1), 21-26. [本文引用: 3]
WangJ, HuangJH (2001). Comparison of major nutrient release patterns in leaf litter decomposition in warm temperate zone of China Acta Phytoecologica Sinica, 25, 375-380. [本文引用: 1]
WuXL, YeGF, ZhangSJ, LinYM, ZhangLH (2011). Contents of some mineral elements and their resorption efficiencies in Casuarina equisetifolia branchlets across a coastal gradient Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology, 17, 645-650. [本文引用: 3]
YanER, WangXH, ZhouW (2008). Characteristics of litterfall in relation to soil nutrients in mature and degraded evergreen broad-leaved forests of Tiantong, East China Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 32, 1-12. DOI:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.01.001URL [本文引用: 4] Aims Litterfall plays an important role in linking aboveground and belowground processes in forest ecosystems. Nutrients absorbed by plants can be released to the soil and re-utilized by plants via litter decomposition. Although litterfall composition and dynamics have been widely studied in the past two decades, the relationship among litterfall, nutrient cycling and vegetation types is poorly understood. Therefore, we studied litterfall in evergreen broad-leaved forests (EBLF) to enrich our knowledge of the relationship.Methods The research was conducted in Tiantong National Forest Park (29 °52′N, 121°39′E, 200 m a.s.l),Zhejiang, East China. We chose secondary and young EBLF (Schima superba community), coniferous and evergreen broad-leaved mixed forest (Pinus massoniana+Schima superba community), coniferous forest (Pinus massoniana community) and shrubland (Lithocarpus glaber+ Loropetalum chinense community) to represent forests at different degradation stages and mature EBLF (Castanopsis fargesiicommunity) to represent reference climax forest. Productivity, composition, nutrient concentration and total nutrient amount of the litterfall were measured each month from November 2003 to October 2004. Litterfall traits were correlated with soil total N, total P, total inorganic N, N mineralization and nitrification rates.Important findings Degradation of EBLF significantly reduced litterfall productivity from 13.03 Mg·hm－2 in mature EBLF to 6.38 Mg·hm－2 in shrubland, and significantly reduced N concentration in litterfall. In contrast, P concentration showed no consistent pattern. Total N and total P amounts returned via litterfall decreased significantly with degradation. Soil total N was positively correlated with annual litterfall productivity but not litter N concentration. Soil total P was positively correlated with both annual litterfall productivity and litter P concentration. Soil inorganic N was not correlated with either productivity or litter nutrient concentration. Soil N nitrification rate was positively correlated with annual litterfall productivity and total amounts of nutrients returned, but was not correlated with litter N concentration. Soil N mineralization was not correlated with any litterfall traits. These results suggested that, during degradation of EBLF, shifting of plant functional types and simplifying of community structure reduced the quality and quantity of litterfall to a low level and consequently reduced soil nutrient pools.]]> [ 阎恩荣, 王希华, 周武 (2008). 天童常绿阔叶林不同退化群落的凋落物特征及与土壤养分动态的关系 植物生态学报, 32, 1-12.] [本文引用: 4]
YeGF, ZhangLH, LinYM, WangH, ZhouHC, ZengQ (2009). Seasonal dynamics of nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations, and nutrient resorption efficiencies of Casuarina equisetifolia branchlets in Dongshan County, Fujian Acta Ecologica Sinica, 29, 6519-6526. [本文引用: 2]
ZhangLL, ZhaoXY, YuanH (2013). Research progress on the effects of wind on plants and plant adaptation strategies Advance in Earth Science, 28, 1349-1353. [本文引用: 1]
ZhangYD, LiuYC, GuFX, GuoMM, MiaoN, LiuSR (2019). Litter composition and its dynamic in five main forest types in subalpine areas of west Sichuan, China Acta Ecologica Sinica, 39, 502-508. [本文引用: 1]
ZhangZX, LiuP, XuGD, ZhangJY, LiHJ, LiaoJP, WuSB (2010). Metal element contents of Tsuga chinensis var. tchekiangensis in different community types and its relationship with soil nutrient factors in Eastern China Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 34, 505-516. DOI:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.05.004URL [本文引用: 3] AimsTsuga chinensis var. tchekiangensis is a species with a small geographic distribution in the subtropical forests in eastern China. The species has been listed as Chinese national third protective plant. Our objective was to investigate the differences and correlations of metal element contents in plant and forest soil of T. chinensis var. tchekiangensis in different community types in Jiulongshan Nature Reserve, Zhejiang Province, China. Findings will provide a scientific basic for feasible in situ and ex situ conservation of the species.Methods Forty representative plots (10 m × 10 m) were investigated along different ridges from low to high altitude. The community types of these plots were identified, and the groups of tree relationships were established based on TWINSPAN. Twelve metal elements of root, stem, bark and leaf of T. chinensis var. tchekiangensis samples and forest soil were measured by ICP-AES. Soil factors such as pH, water content, organism content and electrical conductivity were also measured. Differences of metal element contents were analyzed among different community types and organs. The correlation among different metal element contents of T. chinensis var. tchekiangensis and soil nutrient factors were analyzed and compared.Important findings Based on the investigations and results of TWINSPAN classification, the plots were classified into five communities. Differences among metal element contents of plant and soil in different community types were determined. The contents of plant elements such as K, Ca, Fe, Mg, Ba and Cr were higher in community II and V, and most soil elements were highest in community II. The content of Ca, K, Mg, Fe and Mn were higher in plant, and Al and Fe were higher in soil. The content of metal elements among different organs was different, and their change tendencies and variation degrees were discordant. Enrichment coefficient and correlation analysis showed that the absorption of Mg and Zn, as well as Fe and Al by T. chinensis var. tchekiangensis was similar; however, most plant elements had no correlation with soil elements.]]> [ 张志祥, 刘鹏, 徐根娣, 张家银, 李洪军, 廖进平, 巫松标 (2010). 不同群落类型下南方铁杉金属元素含量差异及其与土壤养分因子的关系 植物生态学报, 34, 505-516.] [本文引用: 3]
ZhongCL, HuangYX, CaoCF, JiangC, GuoJL, GuF (2017). Responses of element stoichiometry characteristics of Casuarina equisetifolia to distance from the coastline Journal of Subtropical Resources and Environment, 12, 22-29.
ZhongZX, XuYP, WanKY, ChenF (2007). Trace elements in leaves of 21 rare species of Magnoliaceae and Lauraceae in the ex-situ conservation site of Wuhan botanical garden and trace elements in soil Journal of Northeast Forestry University, 35(3), 46-48. [本文引用: 1]
Die gesammte Lehre der Waldstreu mit Rücksicht auf die chemische Statik des Waldbaues. Unter Zugrundlegung der in den K?nigl. Staatsforsten Bayerns angestellten Untersuchungen 1 1876
Litterfall, litter decomposition and associated nutrient fluxes in Pinus halepensis: influence of tree removal intensity in a Mediterranean forest 1 2016
,1,2,*
新窗口打开|下载原图ZIP|生成PPT
新窗口打开|下载原图ZIP|生成PPT
