关键词:秸秆全量还田; 氮肥运筹; 机插粳稻; 产量; 氮素吸收; 氮肥利用率 Effects of Total Straw Returning and Nitrogen Application on Grain Yield and Nitrogen Absorption and Utilization of Machine Transplanted JaponicaRice LI Xiao-Feng, CHENG Jin-Qiu, LIANG Jian, CHEN Meng-Yun, REN Hong-Ru, ZHANG Hong-Cheng, HUO Zhong-Yang*, DAI Qi-Gen, XU Ke, WEI Hai-Yan, GUO Bao-Wei Innovation Center of Rice Cultivation Technology in Yangtze Valley, Ministry of Agriculture / Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou 225009, China Fund:This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program (2016YFD0200805), the Three New Agriculture Project of Jiangsu Province (SXGC[2016]321), and the Research Program on Agricultural Science and Technology of Jiangsu Province (BE2015340, BE2016351). AbstractTwo regular japonica rice cultivars in Jiangsu (Nanjing 5055 and Nanjing 46) were adopted in this study. The aim of this study was to discuss the influence of different nitrogen fertilizer applications on yield nitrogen absorption and utilization in mechanical transplanted japonica rice, under the condition of total straw returning. Total amount of nitrogen fertilizer was 300 kg N ha-1, with treatments of different basal-tillering / panicle fertilizer ratios, including 9:1, 8:2, 7:3, 6:4, 5:5, and 4:6. The yield was significantly affected by total straw returning as compared with non-application of straw, that of Nanjing 5055 and Nanjing 46 increased by 5.04% and 4.64% reapectirely. The yield of machine transplanted japonica rice with straw returned to the field first increased and then decreased with decreasing basal-tillering-fertilizer proportion, and the treatment with 7:3 of basal-tillering / panicle fertilizer ratio had the highest yield. With the same nitrogen application, dry matter accumulation of total straw returning treatment was lower than that of the control during the elongation stage and the transplantation to elongation stage, but higher at heading stage, mature stage, elongation to heading stage and heading to maturity stage. With the decrease of basal-tillering- fertilizer proportion, dry matter accumulation was decreased at elongation stage and transplantation to elongation stage, but first increased and then decreased during the heading, mature, elongation to heading and heading to maturity stages. In the treatment of 7:3 of basal-tillering/panicle fertilizer ratio, the dry matter accumulation, and economic coefficient were the highest in whole straw returning treatment. In the whole straw returning treatment, compared with the control, the nitrogen accumulation was lower before elongation, but higher at elongation to heading and heading to maturity stages. In addition, the nitrogen apparent efficiency, nitrogen agronomic efficiency and nitrogen partial factor productivity were also higher than thase of the treatment without straw application. In different nitrogen fertilizer applications, with the decrease of basal-tillering-fertilizer proportion, the nitrogen apparent efficiency, nitrogen agronomic efficiency, nitrogen physiological efficiency and nitrogen partial factor productivity were first increased and then decreased, reaching the highest point when the application proportion of base-tiller nitrogen fertilizer to earing nitrogen fertilizer was 7:3.
Keyword:Total straw returning; Nitrogen application; Machine transplanted japonica rice; Grain yield; Nitrogen uptake; Nitrogen use efficiency Show Figures Show Figures
表1 秸秆还田与氮肥运筹条件下南粳5055产量的方差分析 Table 1 Analysis of variance of Nanjing 5055 yield under the condition of wheat residue and nitrogen fertilizer application
变异来源 Source of variation
自由度 Degree of freedom
平方和 Sum of squares
均方 Mean square
F值 Computed F
F0.05
F0.01
区组 Replication
1
5323.50
5323.50
219.62* *
4.21
7.68
处理间 Treatment
27
489346.90
18123.96
747.70* *
1.91
2.51
年度间 Year (Y)
1
2749.60
2749.60
113.43* *
4.21
7.68
秸秆处理 A
1
9375.81
9375.81
386.80* *
4.21
7.68
氮肥运筹比例 B
6
465791.80
77631.96
3202.69* *
2.46
3.56
Y× A
1
102.06
102.06
4.20ns
4.21
7.68
Y× B
6
197.83
32.97
1.36ns
2.46
3.56
A× B
6
11086.48
1847.75
76.23* *
2.46
3.56
Y× A× B
6
43.38
7.23
0.30ns
2.46
3.56
误差 Error
27
654.47
24.24
总变异 Total
55
495324.90
* and * * mean significance at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively. ns: not significant. Y: year; A: straw treatment; B: nitrogen application practice. * , * * 分别表示在0.05和0.01水平上差异显著, ns表示差异不显著(P> 0.05)
表1 秸秆还田与氮肥运筹条件下南粳5055产量的方差分析 Table 1 Analysis of variance of Nanjing 5055 yield under the condition of wheat residue and nitrogen fertilizer application
表2 Table 2 表2(Table 2)
表2 秸秆还田与氮肥运筹条件下南粳46产量的方差分析 Table 2 Analysis of variance of Nanjing 46 yield under the condition of wheat residue and nitrogen fertilizer application
变异来源 Source of variation
自由度 Degree of freedom
平方和 Sum of squares
均方 Meansquare
F值 Computed F
F0.05
F0.01
区组 Replication
1
4959.45
4959.45
117.77* *
4.21
7.68
处理间 Treatment
27
327303.90
12122.37
287.86* *
1.91
2.51
年度间 Year (Y)
1
2439.62
2439.62
57.93* *
4.21
7.68
秸秆处理 A
1
6065.70
6065.70
144.04* *
4.21
7.68
氮肥运筹比例 B
6
311871.40
51978.56
1234.30* *
2.46
3.56
Y× A
1
0.40
0.40
0.01ns
4.21
7.68
Y× B
6
136.50
22.75
0.54ns
2.46
3.56
A× B
6
6737.39
1122.90
26.66* *
2.46
3.56
Y× A× B
6
52.91
8.82
0.21ns
2.46
3.56
误差 Error
27
1137.02
42.11
总变异 Total
55
333400.40
* and * * mean significance at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively. ns: not significant. Y: year; A: straw treatment; B: nitrogen application practice. * , * * 分别表示在0.05和0.01水平差异显著, ns表示差异不显著(P> 0.05)。
表2 秸秆还田与氮肥运筹条件下南粳46产量的方差分析 Table 2 Analysis of variance of Nanjing 46 yield under the condition of wheat residue and nitrogen fertilizer application
表3 秸秆全量还田和秸秆不还田下氮肥运筹对机插粳稻产量及其构成因素的影响(2014) Table 3 Effect of nitrogen fertilizer application on grain yield and its components of mechanical transplanted japonicarice under total straw returning and none straw returning in 2014
品种 Cultivar
处理 Treatment
穗数 Panicle (× 104 hm-2)
穗粒数 Spikelet per panicle
群体颖花量 Total spikelet (× 104 hm-2)
结实率 Filled-grain percentage (%)
千粒重1000-grain weight (g)
理论产量Theoretic yield (kg hm-2)
实际产量 Actual yield (kg hm-2)
南粳 5055 Nanjing 5055
秸秆全量还田 Total straw returning
9:1
349.2 BCc
124.0 Fh
43314.9 EFef
89.52 Gh
25.28 Gg
9802.4 Ef
9361.80 Ef
8:2
342.2 CDd
134.9 Cc
46179.8 Bb
91.25 Dd
25.40 FGg
10703.3 Bb
10301.48 Bb
7:3
334.2 DEe
142.2 Aa
47537.5 Aa
92.04 Bb
26.09 Cc
11415.3 Aa
11002.16 Aa
6:4
326.8 EFf
138.7 Bb
45343.9 Cc
91.70 Cc
25.91 CDd
10773.4 Bb
10374.18 Bb
5:5
317.8 Fg
134.7 Cc
42829.5 Ff
91.00 Ee
25.70 DEef
10016.5 Dd
9609.82 Dd
4:6
304.0 Gh
131.5 De
40003.3 Hh
90.40 Ffg
25.67 Eef
9283.0 Gh
8909.93 Gh
CK
216.5 f
117.0 H
25357.1
93.69 Aa
26.97 Aa
6407.3 H
6081.64 H
秸秆不 还田 None straw returning
9:1
364.7 Aa
118.0 H
43064.8 EFf
89.19 H
24.80 Hh
9525.5 Fg
9130.46 Fg
8:2
357.4 ABb
122.2 G
43694.7 DEe
89.67 Gh
25.25 Gg
9893.2 DEde
9541.95 DEde
7:3
349.1 BCc
127.0 Ef
44342.6 Dd
90.32 Fg
25.57 EFf
10240.8 Cc
9842.80 Cc
6:4
341.3 CDd
133.0 Dd
45410.5 Cc
91.15 DEde
25.75 DEe
10658.3 Bb
10306.86 Bb
5:5
334.3 DEe
125.3 Fg
41911.6 Gg
90.50 Ff
25.60 EFef
9710.0 DEef
9397.67 DEef
4:6
323.4 Ffg
124.3 Fgh
40218.0 Hh
89.23 H
25.28 Gg
9072.1 G
8704.50 G
CK
242.9 H
110.5
26852.8
91.88 BCb
26.70 Bb
6587.5 H
6283.02 H
南粳46 Nanjing 46
秸秆全量 还田 Total straw returning
9:1
339.1 ABb
121.1 Dfg
41101.5 Cc
88.06 Gg
24.36 F
8816.8 DEef
8403.93 DEef
8:2
331.6 BCc
128.3 Bcd
42577.9 Bb
89.80 DEe
24.67 DEgh
9432.5 Bc
9069.18 Bc
7:3
328.1 CDcd
135.9 Aa
44621.8 Aa
90.89 BCbc
25.02 Bc
10147.1 Aa
9726.30 Aa
6:4
322.5 Dde
132.8 Ab
42864.4 Bb
90.65 BCDcd
24.89 BCd
9671.4 Bb
9324.90 Bb
5:5
313.6 EFf
127.9 Bcd
40134.6 Ed
89.83 DEe
24.80 CDdef
8941.1 CDde
8608.80 CDde
4:6
305.8 Fg
125.6 BCde
38420.7 Gf
89.23 EFf
24.69 DEfgh
8464.4 Eg
8126.73 Eg
CK
210.9 H
117.0 Eh
24683.0
92.68 Aa
25.89 Aa
5922.6 G
5572.68 G
秸秆不 还田 None straw returning
9:1
346.5 Aa
116.6 Eh
40442.4 DEd
87.17 Hh
24.35 F
8584.2 Eg
8169.30 Eg
8:2
339.8 ABb
120.3 DEfg
40894.3 CDc
88.42 FGg
24.60 Eh
8895.0 CDdef
8547.81 CDdef
7:3
333.8 BCbc
123.1 CDef
41094.4 Cc
89.15 EFf
24.82 CDde
9092.9 Cd
8764.88 Cd
6:4
329.8 CDc
128.8 Bc
42504.4 Bb
90.16 CDde
24.88 BCd
9534.5 Bbc
9205.20 Bbc
5:5
321.2 DEe
122.9 CDef
39507.3 Fe
89.17 EFf
24.74 CDEefg
8715.5 DEf
8380.95 DEf
4:6
312.6 EFf
119.8 DEg
37462.1 Hg
88.21 Gg
24.61 Eh
8132.4 Fh
7772.28 Fh
CK
233.2 Gh
111.4 F
26002.8 h
91.28 Bb
25.75 Ab
6111.8 G
5788.68 G
Values followed by different lowercase and capital letters in a column are significantly different at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels respectively. The “ Treatment” in table refers to the ratio basal-tillering-fertilizer to panicle-fertilizer; “ CK” refers to control. 同一品种同列数据后不同小、大写字母分别表示处理间差异达0.05和0.01显著水平。表中“ 处理” 指基蘖肥与穗肥比例, “ CK” 为对照。
表3 秸秆全量还田和秸秆不还田下氮肥运筹对机插粳稻产量及其构成因素的影响(2014) Table 3 Effect of nitrogen fertilizer application on grain yield and its components of mechanical transplanted japonicarice under total straw returning and none straw returning in 2014
表4 Table 4 表4(Table 4)
表4 秸秆全量还田和秸秆不还田下氮肥运筹对机插粳稻产量及构成因素的影响(2015) Table 4 Effect of nitrogen fertilizer application on grain yield and its components of mechanical transplanted japonica rice under total straw returning and none straw returning in 2015
品种 Cultivar
处理 Treatment
穗数 Panicle (× 104 hm-2)
穗粒数 Spikelet per panicle
群体颖花量 Total spikelet (× 104 hm-2)
结实率 Filled-grain percentage (%)
千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)
理论产量Theoretic yield (kg hm-2)
实际产量 Actual yield (kg hm-2)
南粳5055 Nanjing 5055
秸秆全量还田 Total straw returning
9:1
338.9 Bcd
127.5 Dde
43061.6 Ee
91.04 Gg
25.56 GHgh
10018.3 DEfg
9586.7 DEfg
8:2
333.7 BCd
137.6 Cc
45930.1 Bb
92.35 Ee
25.72 FGfg
10909.2 Bc
10511.4 Bc
7:3
325.2 CDe
146.2 Aa
47579.8 Aa
93.25 Cc
26.58 Cc
11790.7 Aa
11377.1 Aa
6:4
318.3 DEf
141.9 Bb
45179.8 Cc
92.86 Dd
26.38 CDc
11067.1 Bb
10704.1 Bb
5:5
309.3 Eg
137.0 Cc
42385.1 Ff
92.19 Ee
26.14 DEd
10212.7 De
9819.8 De
4:6
298.0 Fh
134.6 Cc
40129.4 Gg
91.63 Ff
25.88 EFGef
9516.1 Fh
9164.9 Fh
CK
210.5 H
120.5 Ef
25375.2
94.52 Aa
27.35 Aa
6559.5 H
6231.6 H
秸秆 不还田 None straw returning
9:1
356.7 Aa
120.9 Ef
43135.5 Ee
90.20
25.02
9734.6 Fh
9295.4 Fh
8:2
349.7 Ab
126.2 De
44163.2 Dd
91.03 Gg
25.35 Hh
10190.8 DEef
9751.9 DEef
7:3
340.6 Bc
130.0 Dd
44307.2 Dd
91.53 Ff
25.66 GHfg
10403.7 Cd
10112.8 Cd
6:4
333.3 BCd
135.1 Cc
45069.7 Cc
92.27 Ee
26.05 DEFde
10833.5 Bc
10471.8 Bc
5:5
326.7 CDe
129.4 Dde
42287.1 Ff
91.69 Ff
25.75 FGfg
9984.3 Eg
9547.6 Eg
4:6
315.4 Efg
126.4 De
39875.2 Gg
90.46 Hh
25.55 GHgh
9216.1 G
8824.5 G
CK
233.1 G
113.7 Fg
26513.3 Hh
93.79 Bb
26.98 Bb
6707.5 H
6391.0 H
南粳46 Nanjing 46
秸秆全量还田 Total straw returning
9:1
330.3 Bb
124.0 DEef
40963.1 DEe
89.17 Gg
24.65 h
9002.0 DEe
8590.3 DEe
8:2
322.8 BCcd
131.4 BCb
42438.4 BCbc
91.16 Dd
24.97 EFGefg
9658.3 Bc
9271.4 Bc
7:3
318.9 CDEde
138.8 Aa
44288.8 Aa
92.10 Cc
25.37 Cc
10348.8 Aa
9924.6 Aa
6:4
314.6 DEef
135.9 ABa
42768.0 Bb
91.81 Cc
25.26 CDcd
9918.2 Bb
9495.6 Bb
5:5
305.7 Fg
131.0 BCbc
40049.0 Gf
91.12 Dd
25.14 CDEFde
9174.7 CDe
8759.4 CDe
4:6
298.0 Gh
128.6 CDbcd
38356.7 h
90.46 Ee
25.01 DEFGefg
8678.1 FGg
8276.8 FGg
CK
210.3
119.1 EFg
25065.3
93.81 Aa
26.28 Aa
6179.5 H
5882.7 H
秸秆 不还田 None straw returning
9:1
337.8 Aa
119.0 EFg
40213.8 FGf
88.18 Hh
24.68 HIh
8753.5 EFfg
8377.3 EFfg
8:2
329.9 Bb
123.3 DEef
40704.4 EFe
89.78 Ff
24.85 GHIg
9081.7 CDe
8727.5 CDe
7:3
325.8 BCbc
127.1 CDcde
41434.7 Dd
90.36 Ee
25.09 DEFGdef
9391.7 Cd
8986.8 Cd
6:4
320.4 CDd
131.4 BCb
42103.6 Cc
91.22 Dd
25.22 CDEcd
9687.4 Bc
9290.1 Bc
5:5
312.3 EFf
126.0 CDdef
39358.2 Hg
90.26 Ee
25.04 DEFGef
8896.4 DEFef
8558.1 DEFef
4:6
305.7 Fg
122.8 DEfg
37568.4
89.44 FGg
24.92 FGHfg
8374.5 Gh
8035.9 Gh
CK
229.2 H
114.5 Fh
26260.0
92.91 Bb
26.03 Bb
6350.4 H
6064.3 H
Values followed by different lowercase and capital letters in a column are significantly different at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels respectively. The “ Treatment” in table refers to the ratio basal-tillering-fertilizer to panicle-fertilizer; “ CK” refers to control. 同一品种同列数据后不同小、大写字母分别表示处理间差异达0.05和0.01显著水平。表中“ 处理” 指基蘖肥与穗肥比例, “ CK” 为对照。
表4 秸秆全量还田和秸秆不还田下氮肥运筹对机插粳稻产量及构成因素的影响(2015) Table 4 Effect of nitrogen fertilizer application on grain yield and its components of mechanical transplanted japonica rice under total straw returning and none straw returning in 2015
表5 氮肥运筹对机插粳稻干物质积累特征的影响 Table 5 Effect of nitrogen application on dry matter accumulation of mechanical transplanted japonica rice
品种 Cultivar
处理 Treatment
拔节期 Jointing (t hm-2)
抽穗期 Heading (t hm-2)
成熟期 Maturity (t hm-2)
收获指数 Harvest index (%)
南粳5055 Nanjing 5055
秸秆全量 还田 Total straw returning
9:1
4.76 a
11.18 e
17.84 e
47.18 bc
8:2
4.72 a
12.01 c
19.45 c
47.46 ab
7:3
4.66 a
13.10 a
21.47 a
47.58 a
6:4
4.28 b
12.38 b
20.02 b
46.99 cd
5:5
3.87 c
11.44 d
18.35 d
46.71 de
4:6
3.42 d
10.61 f
16.96 f
46.37 e
CK
2.62 e
6.80 g
10.93 g
45.94 f
秸秆不 还田 None straw returning
9:1
4.89 a
11.11 c
17.35 d
46.23 d
8:2
4.84 ab
11.36 b
17.83 c
46.49 c
7:3
4.75 b
11.97 a
19.14 b
46.71 b
6:4
4.62 c
12.05 a
19.46 a
46.91 a
5:5
4.13 d
11.09 c
17.82 c
46.51 c
4:6
3.67 e
10.12 d
16.14 e
46.26 d
CK
2.79 f
7.05 e
11.20 f
45.65 e
南粳46 Nanjing 46
秸秆全量 还田 Total straw returning
9:1
4.13 a
9.86 c
15.66 d
47.19 c
8:2
4.08 a
10.66 b
17.34 b
47.31 c
7:3
3.98 b
10.99 a
18.29 a
47.70 a
6:4
3.75 c
10.54 b
17.40 b
47.48 b
5:5
3.46 d
9.85 c
16.16 c
47.31 c
4:6
3.20 e
9.23 d
15.11 e
47.17 c
CK
2.50 f
6.28 e
10.29 f
46.98 d
秸秆不 还田 None straw returning
9:1
4.31 a
9.82 d
15.53 d
46.39 c
8:2
4.25 ab
10.11 c
16.06 c
46.64 b
7:3
4.15 bc
10.35 b
16.58 b
46.89 a
6:4
4.07 c
10.56 a
17.25 a
46.96 a
5:5
3.64 d
9.57 e
15.52 d
46.82 a
4:6
3.37 e
9.11 f
14.70 e
46.67 b
CK
2.61 f
6.61 g
10.74 f
46.27 c
Values followed by different lowercase letters in a column are significantly different at the 0.05 probability level. The “ Treatment” in table refers to the ratio basal-tillering-fertilizer to panicle-fertilizer; “ CK” refers to control. 同一品种同列数据后不同小写字母表示处理间差异达0.05显著水平。表中“ 处理” 指基蘖肥与穗肥比例, “ CK” 为对照。
表5 氮肥运筹对机插粳稻干物质积累特征的影响 Table 5 Effect of nitrogen application on dry matter accumulation of mechanical transplanted japonica rice
表6 氮肥运筹对机插粳稻各生育期干物质积累及其比例的影响 Table 6 Effect of nitrogen application on dry matter accumulation and its proportion in different growth stages of mechanical transplanted japonica rice
品种 Cultivar
处理 Treatment
移栽至拔节期 Transplanting to jointing
拔节至抽穗期 Jointing to heading
抽穗至成熟期 Heading to maturity
积累量 Biomass (t hm-2)
比例 Ratio (%)
积累量 Biomass (t hm-2)
比例 Ratio (%)
积累量 Biomass (t hm-2)
比例 Ratio (%)
南粳5055 Nanjing 5055
秸秆全量 还田 Total straw returning
9:1
4.64 a
26.02 a
6.39 e
35.81 g
6.66 e
37.36 c
8:2
4.61 ab
23.69 b
7.25 d
37.31 f
7.44 c
38.26 b
7:3
4.55 b
21.19 d
8.41 a
39.17 d
8.37 a
38.99 a
6:4
4.18 c
20.88 de
8.07 b
40.32 c
7.64 b
38.16 b
5:5
3.78 d
20.60 e
7.54 c
41.09 b
6.91 d
37.67 c
4:6
3.34 e
19.72 f
7.17 d
42.26 a
6.34 f
37.41 c
CK
2.54 f
23.23 c
4.15 f
37.96 e
4.13 g
37.82 b
秸秆不还田 None straw returning
9:1
4.78 a
27.52 a
6.18 e
35.64 g
6.25 e
35.99 f
8:2
4.72 ab
26.48 b
6.49 d
36.42 f
6.47 d
36.29 e
7:3
4.64 b
24.24 c
7.19 b
37.54 e
7.17 b
37.47 bc
6:4
4.51 c
23.15 d
7.40 a
38.03 d
7.42 a
38.10 a
5:5
4.04 d
22.67 e
6.93 c
38.89 b
6.72 c
37.73 b
4:6
3.58 e
22.21 f
6.42 d
39.79 a
6.02 f
37.31 cd
CK
2.71 f
24.15 c
4.31 f
38.43 c
4.15 g
37.01 d
南粳46 Nanjing 46
秸秆全量 还田 Total straw returning
9:1
4.03 a
25.76 a
5.71 f
36.45 f
5.79 e
36.99 e
8:2
3.98 ab
22.96 c
6.56 c
37.79 e
6.68 c
38.54 d
7:3
3.89 b
21.28 d
6.98 a
38.17 d
7.30 a
39.89 a
6:4
3.67 c
21.09 d
6.75 b
38.82 c
6.86 b
39.43 b
5:5
3.38 d
20.93 de
6.36 d
39.33 b
6.32 d
39.09 bc
4:6
3.14 e
20.78 e
5.99 e
39.69 a
5.88 e
38.89 c
CK
2.44 f
23.60 b
3.78 g
36.73 f
4.01 f
38.94 c
秸秆不还田 None straw returning
9:1
4.21 a
27.13 a
5.48 e
35.28 e
5.71 d
36.75 d
8:2
4.16 a
25.89 b
5.83 c
36.29 d
5.94 c
37.02 d
7:3
4.05 b
24.45 c
6.17 b
37.21 c
6.23 b
37.58 c
6:4
3.98 b
23.07 e
6.46 a
37.46 c
6.68 a
38.75 a
5:5
3.56 c
22.96 e
5.90 c
37.99 b
5.95 c
38.34 b
4:6
3.30 d
22.43 f
5.71 d
38.81 a
5.60 d
38.07 b
CK
2.53 e
23.54 d
4.01 f
37.33 c
4.12 e
38.39 b
Values followed by different lowercase letters in a column are significantly different at the 0.05 probability level. The “ Treatment” in table refers to the ratio basal-tillering-fertilizer to panicle-fertilizer; “ CK” refers to control. 同一品种同列数据后不同小写字母表示处理间差异达0.05显著水平。表中“ 处理” 指基蘖肥与穗肥比例, “ CK” 为对照。
表6 氮肥运筹对机插粳稻各生育期干物质积累及其比例的影响 Table 6 Effect of nitrogen application on dry matter accumulation and its proportion in different growth stages of mechanical transplanted japonica rice
表7 氮肥运筹对机插粳稻各生育阶段氮素吸收积累的影响 Table 7 Effect of nitrogen application on nitrogen uptake and accumulation in different growth stages of mechanical transplanted japonica rice
品种 Cultivar
处理 Treatment
拔节前 Before jointing
拔节-抽穗 Jointing-heading
抽穗-成熟 Heading-maturity
氮素积累量 NA (kg hm-2)
占总吸氮量比例 Ratio to total NA (%)
氮素积累量 NA (kg hm-2)
占总吸氮量比例 Ratio to total NA (%)
氮素积累量 NA (kg hm-2)
占总吸氮量比例 Ratio to total NA (%)
南粳5055 Nanjing 5055
秸秆全量 还田 Total straw returning
9:1
91.93 a
47.16 a
73.20 e
37.55 c
29.81 d
15.29 b
8:2
88.59 b
44.28 b
80.64 d
40.30 b
30.86 d
15.42 b
7:3
84.70 c
39.85 c
87.95 a
41.38 ab
39.89 a
18.77 a
6:4
82.32 d
39.69 c
86.61 ab
41.76 ab
38.47 ab
18.55 a
5:5
79.38 e
39.49 c
84.66 bc
42.11 a
36.99 bc
18.40 a
4:6
78.07 e
39.43 c
83.87 c
42.36 a
36.03 c
18.20 a
CK
28.04
34.63
40.87
50.46
12.07
14.91
秸秆 不还田 None straw returning
9:1
94.51 a
52.22 a
59.07 e
32.63 d
27.42 d
15.15 c
8:2
91.81 b
49.45 b
64.64 d
34.81 c
29.23 cd
15.74 bc
7:3
88.67 c
46.31 c
72.11 c
37.66 b
30.69 c
16.03 b
6:4
84.95 d
42.81 d
78.10 a
39.35 ab
35.40 a
17.84 a
5:5
81.96 e
42.68 d
76.18 ab
39.67 a
33.88 ab
17.65 a
4:6
80.16 e
42.57 d
75.46 b
40.07 a
32.70 b
17.36 a
CK
29.95
34.25
43.95
50.27
13.53
15.48
南粳46 Nanjing 46
秸秆全量 还田 Total straw returning
9:1
92.01 a
46.98 a
74.01 e
37.79 d
29.85 d
15.24 b
8:2
85.59 b
42.38 b
84.74 d
41.96 c
31.60 d
15.65 b
7:3
81.09 c
38.08 c
94.50 a
44.38 b
37.35 a
17.54 a
6:4
77.38 d
37.34 cd
93.64 ab
45.19 ab
36.19 ab
17.47 a
5:5
75.42 d
37.27 cd
91.68 bc
45.31 ab
35.25 bc
17.42 a
4:6
71.90 e
36.51 d
91.05 c
46.24 a
33.96 c
17.25 a
CK
27.12
32.79
43.79
53.17
11.46
13.91
秸秆 不还田 None straw returning
9:1
96.40 a
52.55 a
59.19 e
32.26 d
27.86 d
15.19 c
8:2
89.85 b
47.96 b
68.59 d
36.61 c
28.90 d
15.43 c
7:3
86.31 c
44.41 c
76.46 c
39.34 b
31.60 c
16.26 cb
6:4
82.81 d
41.39 d
82.25 a
41.11 ab
35.01 a
17.50 a
5:5
79.64 e
41.03 d
80.51 ab
41.48 a
33.95 ab
17.49 a
4:6
76.43 f
40.61 d
79.29 b
42.13 a
32.49 bc
17.26 a
CK
28.09
31.90
47.41
53.83
12.57
14.28
NA: nitrogen accumulation. Values followed by different lowercase letters in a column are significantly different at the 0.05 probability level. The “ Treatment” in table refers to the ratio basal-tillering-fertilizer to panicle-fertilizer; “ CK” refers to control. 同一品种同列数据后不同小写字母表示处理间差异达0.05显著水平。表中“ 处理” 指基蘖肥与穗肥比例, “ CK” 为对照。
表7 氮肥运筹对机插粳稻各生育阶段氮素吸收积累的影响 Table 7 Effect of nitrogen application on nitrogen uptake and accumulation in different growth stages of mechanical transplanted japonica rice
2.5 氮素吸收利用率由表8可知, 秸秆全量还田处理的氮肥表观利用率、氮肥农学利用率和氮肥偏生产力均高于相同氮肥运筹下秸秆不还田处理。其中南粳5055和南粳46秸秆全量还田处理比秸秆不还田处理的氮肥表观利用率、氮肥农学利用率、氮肥偏生产力平均高6.43、5.77、2.29和1.91、1.76、1.30。而秸秆全量还田处理的氮肥生理利用率与百千克籽粒吸氮量较秸秆不还田处理无规律性差异。不同氮肥运筹间均表现为随基蘖肥占总施氮量比例的下降, 氮肥表观利用率、氮肥农学利用率、氮肥生理利用率及氮肥偏生产力均呈先增后减的趋势, 其中在秸秆全量还田条件下以基蘖肥与穗肥比例为7∶ 3处理最高, 而在秸秆不还田条件下以基蘖肥与穗肥比例为6∶ 4 处理最高, 且秸秆全量还田条件下基蘖肥与穗肥比例为7∶ 3处理的氮素总积累量、氮肥表观利用率、氮肥农学利用率、氮肥偏生产力也均明显高于秸秆不还田条件下6∶ 4处理, 分别高14.08 kg hm-2(南粳5055)、12.88 kg hm-2(南粳46)、6.84%、6.19%, 2.36 kg kg-1、2.16 kg kg-1, 3.55 kg kg-1、2.11 kg kg-1。 表8 Table 8 表8(Table 8)
表8 氮肥运筹对机插粳稻的氮素利用效率的影响 Table 8 Effect of nitrogen application on nitrogen use efficiency of mechanical transplanted japonica rice
品种 Cultivar
处理 Treatment
氮素积累总量 Total NA (kg hm-2)
氮肥表观利用率 ANUE (%)
氮肥生理利用率 PNUE (kg kg-1)
氮肥农学利用率 AE (kg kg-1)
氮肥偏生产力 PFP (kg kg-1)
百千克籽粒吸氮量 NRG (kg)
南粳5055 Nanjing 5055
秸秆全量 还田 Total straw returning
9:1
194.95 e
37.99 d
29.44 c
11.18 c
31.96 c
2.03 a
8:2
200.09 c
39.70 c
35.93 b
14.27 b
35.04 b
1.90 b
7:3
212.54 a
43.85 a
39.11 a
17.15 a
37.92 a
1.87 b
6:4
207.40 b
42.14 b
35.38 b
14.91 b
35.68 b
1.94 ab
5:5
201.04 c
40.02 c
29.89 c
11.96 c
32.73 c
2.05 a
4:6
197.97 d
39.00 cd
25.07 d
9.78 d
30.55 d
2.16 a
CK
80.98
20.77
1.30
秸秆不还田 None straw returning
9:1
181.01 e
31.19 d
31.04 c
9.68 d
30.98 d
1.95 ab
8:2
185.67 d
32.75 cd
34.21 b
11.20 c
32.51 c
1.90 b
7:3
191.47 b
34.68 b
35.78 a
12.41 b
33.71 b
1.89 b
6:4
198.46 a
37.01 a
36.76 a
13.60 a
34.91 a
1.90 b
5:5
192.03 b
34.86 b
30.18 c
10.52 c
31.83 cd
2.01 a
4:6
188.32 d
33.63 bc
24.12 d
8.11 e
29.42 e
2.13 a
CK
87.43
21.30
1.37
南粳46 Nanjing 46
秸秆全量 还田 Total straw returning
9:1
195.87 d
37.83 d
23.86 c
9.03 c
28.63 c
2.28 ab
8:2
201.93 c
39.85 c
28.35 b
11.30 b
30.90 b
2.17 b
7:3
212.94 a
43.52 a
30.96 a
13.48 a
33.08 a
2.15 b
6:4
207.21 b
41.61 b
28.95 b
12.05 b
31.65 b
2.18 b
5:5
202.36 c
39.99 c
23.98 c
9.59 c
29.19 c
2.31 a
4:6
196.91 d
38.18 d
20.91 d
7.98 d
27.59 d
2.38 a
CK
82.37
19.61
1.40
秸秆不还田 None straw returning
9:1
183.44 d
31.79 d
24.25 c
7.71 c
27.92 c
2.19 a
8:2
187.34 c
33.09 cd
26.83 b
8.88 b
29.09 bc
2.1 b
7:3
194.37 b
35.43 b
27.49 ab
9.74 b
29.96 ab
2.16 ab
6:4
200.06 a
37.33 a
28.81 a
10.75 a
30.97 a
2.15 b
5:5
194.09 b
35.34 b
23.52 c
8.31 c
28.53 c
2.27 a
4:6
188.21 c
33.38 c
19.69 d
6.57 d
26.79 d
2.34 a
CK
88.08
20.21
1.45
NA: nitrogen accumulation; ANUE: apparent nitrogen use efficiency; PNUE: physiological nitrogen use efficiency; AE: agronomic nitrogen use efficiency; PFP: partial factor productivity of applied N; NRG: nitrogen requirement for 100 kg grains. Values followed by different lowercase letters in a column are significantly different at the 0.05 probability level. The “ Treatment” in table refers to the ratio basal-tillering-fertilizer to panicle-fertilizer; “ CK” refers to control. 同一品种同列数据后不同小写字母表示处理间差异达0.05显著水平。表中“ 处理” 指基蘖肥与穗肥比例, “ CK” 为对照。
表8 氮肥运筹对机插粳稻的氮素利用效率的影响 Table 8 Effect of nitrogen application on nitrogen use efficiency of mechanical transplanted japonica rice
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