关键词:耕层重构; 土壤理化性状; 棉花发育; 病衰指数 Effects of Restructuring Tilth Layers on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties and Cotton Development in Continuous Cropping Cotton Fields WANG Shu-Lin, QI Hong, WANG Yan, ZHANG Qian, FENG Guo-Yi, LIN Yong-Zeng* Cotton Research Institute, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science / Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Cotton in Huanghuaihai Semiarid Area, Ministry of Agriculture, Shijiazhuang 050051, China Fund:This study was supported by the National Key Technology Support Program of China (2013BAD05B00) AbstractIn continuous cropping cotton areas, the application of rotary tillage in successive years results in solid plow pan, decreases soil water storage ability, enriches nutrients in topsoil and aggravates diseases in the Yellow River Valley of China. The field experiments were conducted with randomized block design in 2014 and 2015 at Wei county experimental station of Cotton Research Institute of Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science where cotton was cropped over 20 years. Four treatments including T1 (exchanged a soil layer of 0-15 cm for that of 15-30 cm), T2 (exchanged a soil layer of 0-20 cm for that of 20-40 cm, loosed 40-55 cm layer), T3 (exchanged a soil layer of 0-20 cm for that of 20-40 cm, loosed 40-70 cm layer) and CK (rotary tillage in the depth of 15 cm) were designed to investigate soil physical and chemical properties, cotton development traits, weeds, disease and presenility indices. The results showed that soil bulk density of T2 at 20-40 cm soil layer was 0.13 g cm-3 and 0.15 g cm-3 lower than those of CK in 2014 and 2015, respectively. The contents of total N, available P, available K of T2 and T3 were significantly higher than those of CK and T1 at 20-40 cm soil layer. After irrigation or rain soil water storage in deep layers increased and after sowing at 40-60 cm and 60-80 cm layers compared with CK soil water storage of T2 was 3.5 mm and 5.5 mm higher in 2014, 6.7 mm and 3.4 mm higher in 2015, respectively. At square stage in drought conditions compared with CK soil water storage of T2 at 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm layers was 6.6 mm and 8.7 mm higher in 2014, 4.2 mm and 9.2 mm higher in 2015, respectively. Restructuring tilth layers increased cotton roots greatly and dry matter accumulation above ground was lower than that of CK before flowering stage but higher after flowering stage. The boll number per plant, boll weight and lint yield of restructuring tilth layers were significantly higher than those of CK, and lint yield of T2 was increased by 6.1% and 10.2% compared with CK in 2014 and 2015 respectively. Restructuring tilth layers was effective in weeds control and decreasing diseases and presenility, and the disease and presenility indices (DPI) of T2 were decreased by 41.7% and 31.9% in 2014 and 2015, respectively. Appropriate restructuring tilth layers (T2) is an effective measure to solve problems in continuous cotton cropping fields and increase cotton yields.
Keyword:Restructuring tilth layers; Soil physical and chemical properties; Cotton development; Disease and presenility index Show Figures Show Figures
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