关键词:氮肥运筹; 钵苗机插; 优质食味水稻; 产量; 氮素吸收利用 Effect of Nitrogen Application Regime on Yield, Nitrogen Absorption and Utilization of Mechanical Pot-Seedling Transplanting Rice with Good Taste Quality HU Qun1, XIA Min1, ZHANG Hong-Cheng1,*, CAO Li-Qiang1, GUO Bao-Wei1, WEI Hai-Yan1, CHEN Hou-Cun2, DAI Qi-Gen1, HUO Zhong-Yang1, XU Ke1, LIN Chang-Ming2, HAN Bao-Fu3 1 Innovation Center of Rice Cultivation Technology in Yangtze Valley, Ministry of Agriculture / Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou 225009, China
2 Crop Cultivation Technology Guidence Station, Hai’an County, Hai’an 226600, China
3 Nantong Kumho Ecological Agriculture Development Co., Ltd, Hai’an 226600, China
Fund:This work was financed by the Agricultural Technology Independent Innovation Fund of Jiangsu Province (CX[12]1003-9), the Three New Agriculture Project of Jiangsu Province (SXGC[2015]325), the China Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest (201303102), China Key Research and Development Programs (2016YFD0300503), the Science and Technology Innovation Foundation Project of Yangzhou University (2015CXJ042), and the Important Research and Development Programs of Jiangsu Province (BE2015340, BE2016351, BE2016344) AbstractIn recent years, the planting area of good taste quality rice in the Yangtze River region is continuously expanded. With developing the new matching technology of mechanical pot-seedling transplanting rice, the yield and efficiency of good taste quality rice were increased significantly. Nitrogen fertilizer plays a major role in rice production. Two representative rice cultivars with good taste quality grown in Jiangsu, named Nanjing 9108 and Nanjing 5055, were adopted in this study. The total amount of nitrogen applied in each treatment was 270 kg ha-1 with different ratio of basal-tillering-fertilizer to panicle-fertilizer, including 10:0, 9:1, 8:2, 7:3, 6:4, 5:5, and 4:6. The effects of the nitrogen application strategies on yield and its components, stems and tillers dynamic, leaf area index (LAI), dry matter accumulation, and nitrogen use efficiency of rice were studied and the best method of nitrogen application was also accessed. It was found that the treatment with the ratio of basal-tillering-fertilizer to panicle-fertilizer of 6:4 had the highest yield, due to its higher spikelets per panicle based on more and stable panicle number, higher seed-setting rate and 1000-gain weight than these of other treatments. The population number of stems and tillers gradually reduced with the ratio of basal-tillering fertilizer decreased and gently decreased after jointing stage in the treatments with more panicle-fertilizer. The percentage of productive tillers decreased with the ratio of panicle-fertilizer increased. During the middle and late growth stages, the treatment of 6:4 had significantly larger LAI and higher dry matter accumulation. The treatment of 6:4 had a litter nitrogen accumulation before jointing, but higher nitrogen accumulation after jointing and higher total nitrogen accumulation at mature stage than other treatments. Apparent nitrogen use efficiency, physiological nitrogen use efficiency, agronomic nitrogen use efficiency and partial factor productivity of applied nitrogen were higher in treatment of 6:4 than in other treatments too. In general, the treatment with the ratio of basal-tillering-fertilizer to panicle-fertilizer of 6:4 is conducive to get suitable panicle number, large spike, increased filled-grain percentage and 1000-grain weight, coordinative yield components and optimized population quality, which is the best nitrogen application regime for mechanical pot-seedling transplanting rice with good taste quality to achieve mutual unity of high yield and high nitrogen use efficiency.
Keyword:Nitrogen application; Mechanical transplanting with pot seedling; Good taste quality rice; Yield; Nitrogen absorption and utilization Show Figures Show Figures
表1 不同氮肥运筹下钵苗机插优质食味水稻的产量及其构成因素 Table 1 Yield and its components of mechanical pot-seedling transplanting rice with good taste quality under different nitrogen applications
品种 Cultivar
处理 Treatment
穗数 Panicle number (× 104 hm-2)
每穗粒数 Grains per panicle (No. panicle-1)
总颖花量 Total spikelet No. (× 104 No. hm-2)
结实率 Filled-grain percentage (%)
千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)
理论产量 Theoretical yield (kg hm-2)
实际产量 Actual yield (kg hm-2)
2014
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108
10:0
351.15 a
120.33 d
42255.06 bc
92.11 f
25.52 e
9930.71 d
9423.66 d
9:1
348.60 a
122.47 d
42691.89 ab
93.23 e
25.62 e
10197.35 c
9524.72 d
8:2
338.70 b
126.65 c
42897.35 a
93.36 de
25.89 d
10367.12 c
9853.16 c
7:3
332.25 b
130.34 b
43305.22 a
94.41 c
26.23 c
10722.77 b
10318.02 b
6:4
317.10 c
136.63 a
43326.12 a
95.77 b
26.53 b
11006.23 a
10515.08 a
5:5
308.25 d
135.22 a
41681.18 c
93.85 d
26.16 c
10232.69 c
9792.52 c
4:6
300.60 e
134.60 a
40459.32 d
93.65 de
26.15 c
9907.05 d
9736.94 c
对照CK
199.62 f
112.19 e
22395.47 e
97.00 a
26.99 a
5862.92 e
5204.49 e
南粳5055 Nanjing 5055
10:0
361.35 a
114.53 d
41385.42 d
94.65 e
25.47 e
9975.25 de
9398.39 e
9:1
356.25 a
116.84 d
41624.25 cd
95.03 d
25.57 e
10115.67 cde
9499.45 de
8:2
348.60 b
120.43 c
41980.89 bc
95.24 d
25.81 d
10320.69 c
9651.04 d
7:3
343.65 b
123.00 c
42268.95 ab
95.90 c
26.19 bc
10615.69 b
10232.12 b
6:4
329.70 c
129.67 a
42753.81 a
96.57 b
26.27 b
10847.64 a
10434.24 a
5:5
318.30 d
127.59 ab
40611.95 e
96.03 c
26.13 c
10190.26 cd
9853.16 c
4:6
315.15 d
126.20 b
39773.24 f
95.86 c
26.11 c
9955.26 e
9575.25 de
对照CK
200.51 e
107.00 e
21454.04 g
97.05 a
26.97 a
5614.74 f
4901.31 f
2015
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108
10:0
338.54 a
123.33 e
41753.80 de
93.13 g
25.88 e
10061.42 e
9645.99 d
9:1
336.02 ab
125.75 e
42254.24 cd
94.63 f
25.89 e
10350.64 de
9739.46 d
8:2
330.96 b
129.88 d
42984.07 bc
95.76 d
25.92 e
10669.13 c
10134.60 c
7:3
323.39 c
134.46 c
43482.93 ab
96.13 c
26.42 c
11043.03 b
10492.35 b
6:4
313.28 d
141.68 a
44385.03 a
96.39 b
26.61 b
11382.83 a
10684.36 a
5:5
303.17 e
139.69 ab
42351.08 cd
95.67 d
26.23 d
10626.90 cd
10017.37 c
4:6
298.12 e
137.92 b
41117.78 e
95.28 e
26.19 d
10260.33 e
9807.68 d
对照CK
197.06 f
117.93 f
23239.37 f
97.14 a
27.23 a
6145.77 f
5419.24 e
南粳5055 Nanjing 5055
10:0
352.44 a
116.31 f
40991.46 d
94.15 e
25.92 g
10004.66 d
9504.50 e
9:1
349.91 a
119.73 e
41895.39 bcd
94.17 de
26.14 f
10312.68 cd
9693.99 d
8:2
344.86 b
122.46 d
42232.14 bc
94.29 de
26.19 ef
10426.65 c
9901.16 c
7:3
332.23 c
128.96 c
42845.57 ab
95.78 c
26.47 c
10862.65 b
10463.55 b
6:4
325.91 d
134.04 a
43683.85 a
96.44 b
26.67 b
11233.32 a
10608.56 a
5:5
313.28 e
132.14 ab
41397.69 cd
95.81 c
26.38 cd
10464.80 c
10005.50 c
4:6
312.02 e
131.50 b
41030.18 d
94.53 d
26.30 de
10198.92 cd
9741.99 d
对照CK
199.59 f
110.11 g
21977.03 e
97.05 a
27.21 a
5804.01 e
5184.28 f
Values followed by different lowercase letters in a column are significantly different at the 5% probability level. The “ Treatment” in table refers to the ratio of basal-tillering-fertilizer to panicle-fertilizer. 同一品种同列标注不同小写字母的数据处理间差异达5%显著水平, 表中“ 处理” 指基蘖肥与穗肥比例。
表1 不同氮肥运筹下钵苗机插优质食味水稻的产量及其构成因素 Table 1 Yield and its components of mechanical pot-seedling transplanting rice with good taste quality under different nitrogen applications
表2 不同氮肥运筹下钵苗机插优质食味水稻的茎蘖动态和成穗率 Table 2 Number of stem and tiller and percentage of productive tiller of mechanical pot-seedling transplanting rice with good taste quality under different nitrogen applications
品种 Cultivar
处理 Treatment
茎蘖数 Number of stem and tiller (× 104 hm-2)
成穗率 Percentage of productive tiller (%)
有效分蘖临界叶龄期 Critical leaf-age for productive tillers
拔节期 Jointing
抽穗期 Heading
成熟期 Maturity
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108
10:0
351.18 a
426.97 a
356.23 a
338.54 a
79.29 d
9:1
343.60 b
414.34 b
353.70 ab
336.02 a
81.10 c
8:2
336.02 c
399.18 c
351.18 b
330.96 b
82.91 b
7:3
320.86 d
386.55 d
341.07 c
323.39 c
83.66 b
6:4
310.75 e
373.91 e
330.96 d
313.28 d
83.78 b
5:5
300.65 f
361.28 f
318.33 e
303.17 e
83.92 b
4:6
293.07 g
353.70 f
313.28 f
298.12 f
84.29 b
对照CK
194.54 h
209.70 g
199.59 g
197.06 g
93.98 a
南粳5055 Nanjing 5055
10:0
358.76 a
449.71 a
373.91 a
352.44 a
78.37 f
9:1
353.70 b
437.08 b
366.34 b
349.91 a
80.06 e
8:2
351.18 b
426.97 c
361.28 c
344.86 b
80.77 e
7:3
338.54 c
404.23 d
348.65 d
332.23 c
82.19 d
6:4
323.39 d
394.13 e
343.60 e
325.91 d
82.69 d
5:5
308.23 e
373.91 f
330.96 f
313.28 e
83.78 c
4:6
303.17 f
368.86 f
328.44 f
312.02 e
84.59 b
对照CK
204.64 g
214.75 g
202.12 g
199.59 f
92.94 a
Values followed by different lowercase letters in a column are significantly different at the 5% probability level. The “ Treatment” in table refers to the ratio of basal-tillering-fertilizer to panicle-fertilizer. 同一品种同列标注不同小写字母的数据处理间差异达5%显著水平, 表中“ 处理” 指基蘖肥与穗肥比例。
表2 不同氮肥运筹下钵苗机插优质食味水稻的茎蘖动态和成穗率 Table 2 Number of stem and tiller and percentage of productive tiller of mechanical pot-seedling transplanting rice with good taste quality under different nitrogen applications
表3 不同氮肥运筹下钵苗机插优质食味水稻的叶面积指数和叶面积衰减率 Table 3 Leaf area index and decreasing rate of leaf area of mechanical pot-seedling transplanting rice with good taste quality under different nitrogen applications
品种 Cultivar
处理 Treatment
叶面积指数 Leaf area index
叶面积衰减率 Decreasing rate of leaf area (LAI d-1)
有效分蘖临界叶龄期 Critical leaf-age for productive tillers
拔节期 Jointing
抽穗期 Heading
成熟期 Maturity
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108
10:0
2.07 a
4.39 a
6.61 f
2.14 f
0.084 a
9:1
1.96 b
4.27 b
6.79 e
2.33 e
0.084 ab
8:2
1.93 bc
4.08 c
6.86 d
2.49 d
0.082 abc
7:3
1.85 cd
4.02 cd
7.03 b
2.80 b
0.080 c
6:4
1.82 d
3.93 d
7.14 a
2.92 a
0.080 c
5:5
1.70 e
3.75 e
7.02 bc
2.72 bc
0.081 bc
4:6
1.58 f
3.66 e
6.98 c
2.68 c
0.081 bc
对照CK
1.00 g
1.78 f
4.01 g
1.72 g
0.043 d
南粳5055 Nanjing 5055
10:0
2.15 a
4.42 a
6.77 g
2.26 f
0.090 a
9:1
2.03 b
4.36 ab
6.84 f
2.39 e
0.089 ab
8:2
1.97 bc
4.30 b
6.96 e
2.52 d
0.089 ab
7:3
1.89 cd
4.17 c
7.22 b
2.83 b
0.088 bc
6:4
1.84 d
3.95 d
7.31 a
2.99 a
0.086 c
5:5
1.73 e
3.89 d
7.16 c
2.80 b
0.087 c
4:6
1.59 f
3.81 e
7.07 d
2.70 c
0.087 bc
对照CK
1.01 g
1.86 f
4.14 h
1.81 g
0.047 d
Values followed by different lowercase letters in a column are significantly different at the 5% probability level. The “ Treatment” in table refers to the ratio of basal-tillering-fertilizer to panicle-fertilizer. 同一品种同列标注不同小写字母的数据处理间差异达5%显著水平, 表中“ 处理” 指基蘖肥与穗肥比例。
表3 不同氮肥运筹下钵苗机插优质食味水稻的叶面积指数和叶面积衰减率 Table 3 Leaf area index and decreasing rate of leaf area of mechanical pot-seedling transplanting rice with good taste quality under different nitrogen applications
表4 不同氮肥运筹下钵苗机插优质食味水稻干物质积累 Table 4 Dry matter accumulation of mechanical pot-seedling transplanting rice with good taste quality under different nitrogen applications
品种 Cultivar
处理 Treatment
干物质积累量 Dry matter accumulation (t hm-2)
收获指数 Harvest index (%)
拔节期 Jointing
抽穗期 Heading
成熟期 Maturity
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108
10:0
5.39 a
11.32 de
18.11 e
48.46 d
9:1
5.10 b
11.33 d
18.17 e
48.79 cd
8:2
5.01 c
11.74 c
18.87 c
48.88 bc
7:3
4.82 d
12.04 b
19.45 b
49.08 abc
6:4
4.80 d
12.20 a
19.74 a
49.32 a
5:5
4.51 e
11.43 d
18.54 d
49.16 ab
4:6
4.38 f
11.16 e
18.21 e
49.00 abc
对照CK
2.60 g
6.02 f
9.66 f
47.67 e
南粳5055 Nanjing 5055
10:0
6.06 a
11.62
18.25 e
47.39 d
9:1
5.67 b
11.84 c
18.60 d
47.43 d
8:2
5.49 c
12.00 b
18.91 c
47.64 c
7:3
5.39 d
12.56 a
19.88 b
47.76 bc
6:4
5.38 d
12.67 a
20.11 a
48.13 a
5:5
5.09 e
11.89 bc
19.03 c
47.85 b
4:6
4.89 f
11.59 d
18.57 d
47.75 bc
对照CK
2.97 g
6.29 e
9.90 f
46.61 e
Values followed by different lowercase letters in a column are significantly different at the 5% probability level. The “ Treatment” in table refers to the ratio of basal-tillering-fertilizer to panicle-fertilizer. 同一品种同列标注不同小写字母的数据处理间差异达5%显著水平, 表中“ 处理” 指基蘖肥与穗肥比例。
表4 不同氮肥运筹下钵苗机插优质食味水稻干物质积累 Table 4 Dry matter accumulation of mechanical pot-seedling transplanting rice with good taste quality under different nitrogen applications
表5 不同氮肥运筹下钵苗机插优质食味水稻各生育期干物质积累及其比例 Table 5 Dry matter accumulation and its ratio of mechanical pot-seedling transplanting rice with good taste quality under different nitrogen applications at different growth stages
品种 Cultivar
处理 Treatment
移栽至拔节期 Transplanting to jointing
拔节至抽穗期 Jointing to heading
抽穗至成熟期 Heading to maturity
积累量 Biomass (t hm-2)
比例 Ratio (%)
积累量 Biomass (t hm-2)
比例 Ratio (%)
积累量 Biomass (t hm-2)
比例 Ratio (%)
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108
10:0
5.39 a
29.75 a
5.75 f
31.77 d
6.79 d
37.50 b
9:1
5.10 b
28.07 b
6.08 e
33.47 c
6.83 d
37.62 b
8:2
5.01 c
26.57 c
6.65 d
35.24 b
7.13 c
37.79 ab
7:3
4.82 d
24.79 d
7.22 b
37.11 a
7.41 b
38.10 ab
6:4
4.80 d
24.29 e
7.40 a
37.49 a
7.55 a
38.22 ab
5:5
4.51 e
24.32 e
6.95 c
37.48 a
7.11 c
38.34 ab
4:6
4.38 f
24.03 e
6.79 d
37.27 a
7.05 c
38.70 a
对照CK
2.60 g
26.94 c
3.41 g
35.32 b
3.65 e
37.74 b
南粳5055 Nanjing 5055
10:0
6.06 a
33.18 a
5.47 g
29.95 e
6.63 f
36.31 b
9:1
5.67 b
30.50 b
6.09 f
32.74 d
6.76 e
36.35 b
8:2
5.49 c
29.05 d
6.51 e
34.41 b
6.91 d
36.55 b
7:3
5.39 d
27.10 e
7.18 b
36.09 a
7.32 b
36.81 ab
6:4
5.38 d
26.74 ef
7.37 a
36.63 a
7.44 a
37.01 ab
5:5
5.09 e
26.74 ef
6.91 c
36.30 a
7.13 c
37.49 a
4:6
4.89 f
26.36 f
6.70 d
36.07 a
6.98 d
37.57 a
对照CK
2.97 g
30.02 c
3.32 h
33.49 c
3.61 g
36.49 b
Values followed by different lowercase letters in a column are significantly different at the 5% probability level. The “ Treatment” in table refers to the ratio of basal-tillering-fertilizer to panicle-fertilizer. 同一品种同列标注不同小写字母的数据处理间差异达5%显著水平, 表中“ 处理” 指基蘖肥与穗肥比例。
表5 不同氮肥运筹下钵苗机插优质食味水稻各生育期干物质积累及其比例 Table 5 Dry matter accumulation and its ratio of mechanical pot-seedling transplanting rice with good taste quality under different nitrogen applications at different growth stages
表6 不同氮肥运筹下钵苗机插优质食味水稻各生育阶段氮素吸收积累特点 Table 6 Nitrogen accumulation in each growth stages of mechanical pot-seedling transplanting rice with good taste quality under different nitrogen applications
品种 Cultivar
处理 Treatment
拔节前 Before jointing
拔节至抽穗期 Jointing-heading
抽穗至成熟期 Heading-maturity
氮素积累量 NA (kg hm-2)
占总吸氮量比例 Ratio to total NA (%)
氮素积累量 NA (kg hm-2)
占总吸氮量比例 Ratio to total NA (%)
氮素积累量 NA (kg hm-2)
占总吸氮量比例 Ratio to total NA (%)
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108
10:0
94.74 a
51.63 a
64.59 d
35.20 d
24.18 e
13.18 c
9:1
87.35 b
47.39 b
72.40 c
39.27 c
24.59 de
13.34 bc
8:2
77.52 c
41.11 c
85.85 b
45.53 b
25.21 cde
13.37 bc
7:3
74.82 cd
39.37 cd
89.73 ab
47.22 ab
25.50 bcd
13.42 bc
6:4
72.58 cde
37.50 d
93.46 a
48.29 a
27.52 a
14.22 a
5:5
70.91 de
37.14 d
93.44 a
48.95 a
26.55 ab
13.91 ab
4:6
70.40 e
37.16 d
92.88 a
49.03 a
26.16 bc
13.81 ab
对照CK
28.76
35.80
33.70
41.94
17.88
22.26
南粳5055 Nanjing 5055
10:0
104.64 a
56.97 a
56.41 d
30.71 d
22.63 d
12.32 c
9:1
93.00 b
50.36 b
68.57 c
37.13 c
23.11 d
12.51 c
8:2
86.17 c
45.96 c
77.19 b
41.18 b
24.11 c
12.86 ab
7:3
81.62 cd
42.66 d
84.83 a
44.34 a
24.87 b
13.00 ab
6:4
80.86 de
41.56 d
88.25 a
45.35 a
25.47 a
13.09 a
5:5
76.87 e
40.69 d
87.58 a
46.35 a
24.49 bc
12.96 ab
4:6
76.29 e
40.54 d
87.78 a
46.65 a
24.11 c
12.81 b
对照CK
28.90
38.35
33.87
44.95
12.58
16.70
NA: nitrogen accumulation. Values followed by different lowercase letters in a column are significantly different at the 5% probability level. The “ Treatment” in table refers to the ratio of basal-tillering-fertilizer to panicle-fertilizer. 同一品种同列标注不同小写字母的数据处理间差异达5%显著水平, 表中“ 处理” 指基蘖肥与穗肥比例。
表6 不同氮肥运筹下钵苗机插优质食味水稻各生育阶段氮素吸收积累特点 Table 6 Nitrogen accumulation in each growth stages of mechanical pot-seedling transplanting rice with good taste quality under different nitrogen applications
表7 不同氮肥运筹下钵苗机插优质食味水稻的氮素利用效率 Table 7 Nitrogen use efficiency of mechanical pot-seedling transplanting rice with good taste quality under different nitrogen applications
品种 Cultivar
处理 Treatment
氮素积累总量 Total NA (kg hm-2)
氮肥表观利用率 ANUE (%)
氮肥生理利用率 PNUE (kg kg-1)
氮肥农学利用率 AE (kg kg-1)
氮肥偏生产力 PFP (kg kg-1)
百千克籽粒需氮量 NRG (kg)
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108
10:0
183.51 d
38.21 d
40.97 c
15.65 c
35.73 c
1.90 b
9:1
184.34 d
38.52 d
41.54 c
16.00 c
36.07 c
1.89 b
8:2
188.58 c
40.09 c
43.56 b
17.46 b
37.54 b
1.86 c
7:3
190.05 b
40.64 b
46.24 a
18.79 a
38.86 a
1.81 d
6:4
193.55 a
41.93 a
46.64 a
19.56 a
39.63 a
1.81 d
5:5
190.90 b
40.95 b
41.59 c
17.03 b
37.10 b
1.91 ab
4:6
189.45 bc
40.41 bc
40.22 c
16.25 c
36.32 c
1.93 a
对照CK
80.34
20.07
1.48
南粳5055 Nanjing 5055
10:0
183.68 e
40.12 e
39.88 d
16.00 d
35.20 d
1.93 a
9:1
184.69 e
40.50 e
41.25 bc
16.70 c
35.90 c
1.91 ab
8:2
187.47 d
41.53 d
42.07 b
17.47 b
36.67 b
1.89 b
7:3
191.32 b
42.95 b
45.27 a
19.44 a
38.64 a
1.83 c
6:4
194.58 a
44.16 a
45.75 a
20.20 a
39.40 a
1.83 c
5:5
188.94 c
42.07 c
42.45 b
17.86 b
37.06 b
1.89 b
4:6
188.18 cd
41.79 cd
40.40 cd
16.88 c
36.08 c
1.93 a
对照CK
75.35
19.20
1.45
NA: nitrogen accumulation; ANUE: apparent nitrogen use efficiency; PNUE: physiological nitrogen use efficiency; AE: agronomic nitrogen use efficiency; PFP: partial factor productivity of applied N; NRG: nitrogen requirement for 100 kg grains. Values followed by different lowercase letters in a column are significantly different at the 5% probability level. The “ Treatment” in table refers to the ratio of basal-tillering-fertilizer to panicle-fertilizer. 同一品种同列标注不同小写字母的数据处理间差异达5%显著水平, 表中“ 处理” 指基蘖肥与穗肥比例。
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