关键词:杂交粳稻; 油菜素甾醇; 光合特性; 干物质转运; 氮素利用; NSC积累 Effects of Brassinosteroids on Photosynthetic Matter, Nitrogen Accumulation and Use Efficiency during Grain Filling Stage of Hybrid Japonica TIAN Xiao-Ya, LIU Xin, WANG Qiang-Sheng*, JIANG Qi, FENG Jin-Xia, ZHANG Hui, DING Yan-Feng Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture / Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China Fund:This study was supported by the Central Finance for Agricultural Innovative Technology Extension [TG(14)027, TG(14)013], the Key Technology R&D Program of Jiangsu Province (BE2013355), the Independent Innovation Fund for Agriculture Science and Technology of Jiangsu Province [CX(14)4072] and Agrotechnical Innovation Projects of Jiangsu Province (SXGC[2015]112, SXGC[2014]128, SXGC[2014]251, SXGC[2013]335) AbstractTaking the conventional japonica hybrid rice Changyou 3 and indica-japonica super hybrid rice Yongyou 12 as materials, the experiment analyzed the effects of brassinosteroids (BRs) on photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation, nitrogen absorption and utilization, non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) accumulation and the NSC/N ratio of different plant organs during grain filling stage. Results showed that the effect of BRs on photosynthetic indexes presented as gs> Tr> Pn> Ci. Spraying 2,4-epibrassinolide (eBL) could enhance net photosynthetic rate ( Pn) and transpiration rate ( Tr), maintain chlorophyll content and intercellular CO2 concentration ( Ci), and eventually improve the leaves’ photosynthetic capacity during grain filling stage. It could also increase the amounts of dry matter, nitrogen and NSC accumulation, the proportions and rates of dry matter accumulation, nitrogen absorption and NSC transportation, but reduce the dry matter production efficiency of nitrogen nutrition. The effect of Brz was on the contrary. Spraying eBL improved amounts of the dry matter, NSC, nitrogen and the contribution rate to grains made by nitrogen of the two rice varieties, reduced the contribution rate to grains made by dry matters and NSC after flowering. However, brassinazole (Brz) decreased transfer amounts and rates of the dry matter, NSC and nitrogen, promoted the contribution rate to grains made by dry matters and NSC. The transfer amounts of NSC and nitrogen of different organs in shoot of the two hybrid rice varieties were shown as eBL>CK>Brz, and early stage of grain filling (EGF) > late stage of grain filling (LGF). The NSC/N of different organs in shoot of the two rice varieties showed an increasing tendency with filling, among which the changes in stem-sheath and panicle were the most significant. Spraying eBL decreased the NSC/N of stem-sheath and leaf, Spraying Brz promoted it, while the effects of BRs on panicle was not clear. Yongyou 12 had a stronger net photosynthetic rate in flag leaves, greater accumulations of dry matter, NSC and nitrogen, larger transfer amounts of NSC and nitrogen in early stage of grain filling, and finally its actual yield was 5.03%-9.32% higher than that of Changyou 3. Spraying eBL showed a diverse rule on the accumulations of dry matter, nitrogen and NSC transportation of the two rice varieties. The inhibiting effect of Brz on dry matter and nitrogen accumulations and NSC transferring was stronger in Yongyou 12 than that of Changyou 3.
Keyword:Hybrid rice; Brassinosteroids; Photosynthetic characteristics; Dry matter transportation; N use efficiency; NSC accumulation Show Figures Show Figures
表2 油菜素甾醇对杂交粳稻剑叶净光合速率和蒸腾速率的影响(2013) Table 2 Net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and transpiration rate (Tr) in hybrid japonica rice under different BRs treatments in 2013
处理 Treatment
净光合速率Pn (μ mol m-2 s-1)
蒸腾速率Tr(μ mol m-2 s-1)
花后 0 d 0 DAF
花后 10 d 10 DAF
花后 20 d 20 DAF
花后 30 d 30 DAF
花后 40 d 40 DAF
花后 0 d 0 DAF
花后 10 d 10 DAF
花后 20 d 20 DAF
花后 30 d 30 DAF
花后 40 d 40 DAF
常优3号 Changyou 3
CK
23.31 a
20.41 b
19.67 a
18.24 a
15.15 a
16.71 a
12.97 ab
11.17 b
9.16 b
5.21 b
eBL
23.52 a
21.12 a
20.07 a
18.45 a
15.34 a
16.86 a
13.27 a
12.01 a
10.07 a
5.91 a
Brz
23.30 a
19.49 c
18.14 b
17.71 b
15.14 a
16.84 a
11.56 b
10.41 c
7.87 c
4.74 c
甬优12 Yongyou 12
CK
25.34 a
22.34 b
20.80 ab
19.54 a
16.32 a
18.01 a
15.31 ab
13.51 b
10.97 b
7.21 ab
eBL
25.35 a
23.51 a
21.30 a
19.91 a
16.51 a
18.04 a
16.11 a
14.57 a
12.15 a
7.89 a
Brz
25.12 a
20.83 c
19.77 b
18.89 b
16.15 a
17.81 a
14.97 b
12.84 c
10.47 c
7.03 b
Values followed by different letters are significantly different at the 5% probability level among three treatments of the same variety. CK: control; BRs: brassinosteroids; eBL: 2, 4-epibrassinolide; Brz: brassinazole; DAF: days after flowering. 数据后标以不同字母表示同一品种不同处理间5%差异水平。CK: 对照; eBL: 2, 4-表油菜素内酯; Brz: 油菜素吡咯; DAF: 花后天数。
表2 油菜素甾醇对杂交粳稻剑叶净光合速率和蒸腾速率的影响(2013) Table 2 Net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and transpiration rate (Tr) in hybrid japonica rice under different BRs treatments in 2013
表3 油菜素甾醇对杂交粳稻剑叶气孔导度和胞间CO2浓度的影响(2013) Table 3 Stomatal conductance (gs) and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) in hybrid japonica rice at different BRs treatments in 2013
处理 Treatment
气孔导度gs(μ mol m-2 s-1)
胞间CO2浓度Ci(μ mol mol-1)
花后 0 d 0 DAF
花后 10 d 10 DAF
花后 20 d 20 DAF
花后 30 d 30 DAF
花后 40 d 40 DAF
花后 0 d 0 DAF
花后 10 d 10 DAF
花后 20 d 20 DAF
花后 30 d 30 DAF
花后 40 d 40 DAF
常优3号 Changyou 3
CK
0.56 b
0.53 b
0.49 b
0.47 b
0.43 b
257.08 a
265.67 b
275.61 a
279.73 a
283.23 b
eBL
0.61 a
0.60 a
0.57 a
0.50 a
0.47 a
258.34 a
273.89 a
279.38 a
283.72 a
289.18 a
Brz
0.52 c
0.48 c
0.45 c
0.42 c
0.40 c
256.91 a
262.14 b
274.14 a
278.97 a
282.14 b
甬优12 Yongyou 12
CK
0.57 b
0.57 b
0.56 b
0.55 b
0.54 b
252.42 a
264.94 ab
268.97 ab
272.07 b
274.01 b
eBL
0.65 a
0.64 a
0.63 a
0.61 a
0.60 a
255.37 a
269.18 a
273.16 a
280.11 a
284.32 a
Brz
0.50 c
0.49 c
0.49 c
0.48 c
0.47 c
252.26 a
258.67 b
263.47 b
268.35 b
271.34 b
Values followed by different letters are significantly different at the 5% probability level among the three treatments of the same variety. Abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 2. 数据后标以不同字母表示同一品种不同处理间5%差异水平。缩写同表2。
表3 油菜素甾醇对杂交粳稻剑叶气孔导度和胞间CO2浓度的影响(2013) Table 3 Stomatal conductance (gs) and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) in hybrid japonica rice at different BRs treatments in 2013
表4 油菜素甾醇对杂交粳稻成熟期产量构成因素的影响 Table 4 Effects of BRs on rice yield components of hybrid rice at maturity stage
品种 Hybrid rice
处理 Treatment
穗数 Panicle number (× 104 hm-2)
每穗粒数 Grain number per panicle
结实率 Seed setting rate (%)
千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)
实际产量 Harvest yield (t hm-2)
常优3号 Changyou 3
2012
CK
304.23 a
173.67 a
83.21 b
28.32 ab
11.52 ab
eBL
306.06 a
175.67 a
85.35 a
29.96 a
12.06 a
Brz
301.15 a
172.87 a
81.50 c
27.99 b
11.25 b
2013
CK
298.98 a
172.01 a
80.08 ab
27.84 b
10.19 b
eBL
296.11 a
173.02 a
83.67 a
28.40 a
10.77 a
Brz
294.38 a
172.64 a
79.09 b
27.24 c
9.95 b
甬优12 Yongyou 12
2012
CK
235.42 a
339.52 a
73.16 ab
23.25 ab
12.48 b
eBL
236.86 a
340.38 a
74.39 a
24.56 a
13.02 a
Brz
239.27 a
338.48 a
71.43 b
22.78 b
11.80 c
2013
CK
223.72 a
337.78 a
72.56 a
22.48 b
11.14 a
eBL
227.35 a
339.91 a
73.25 a
23.20 a
11.52 a
Brz
224.43 a
336.40 a
70.10 b
21.83 c
10.45 b
Values followed by different letters are significantly different at the 5% probability level among three treatments of the same variety. Abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 2. 数据后标以不同字母表示同一品种不同处理间5%差异水平。缩写同表2。
表4 油菜素甾醇对杂交粳稻成熟期产量构成因素的影响 Table 4 Effects of BRs on rice yield components of hybrid rice at maturity stage
图2 油菜素甾醇对杂交粳稻灌浆期不同部位NSC和氮素含量的影响缩写同表2和表5。Abbreviations are the same as those given in Tables 2 and 5.Fig. 2 Effects of BRs on NSC and N accumulation in different organs of hybrid japonica rice during grain filling stage
表8 油菜素甾醇对杂交粳稻不同器官NSC/N的影响 Table 8 Effects of BRs on NSC/N of different organs of hybrid japonica rice (kg kg-1)
处理 Treatment
叶NSC/N Leaf NSC/N
茎鞘NSC/N Stem-sheath NSC/N
穗NSC/N Panicle NSC/N
0 DAF
EHW
MAT
0 DAF
EHW
MAT
0 DAF
EHW
MAT
常优3号 Changyou 3
CK
22.61 b
24.46 a
25.54 a
35.70 b
45.57 b
50.23 b
32.75 b
36.48 b
38.64 ab
eBL
22.46 b
24.29 a
25.30 a
34.16 c
41.33 c
49.11 c
34.71 a
36.82 b
38.25 b
Brz
23.46 a
24.71 a
26.30 a
37.11 a
47.78 a
52.02 a
30.60 c
38.47 a
39.85 a
甬优12 Yongyou 12
CK
21.59 a
24.28 b
27.08 a
35.47 ab
41.86 ab
45.39 b
34.57 b
35.24 ab
37.12 b
eBL
21.25 a
23.98 b
26.20 b
34.75 b
40.90 b
43.72 c
34.72 b
34.82 b
38.20 a
Brz
21.78 a
25.07 a
27.24 a
37.08 a
45.56 a
46.62 a
35.56 a
35.98 a
37.26 b
Values followed by different letters are significantly different at the 5% probability level among three treatments of the same variety. EHW: earliest reach the high weight of grain. Other abbreviations are the same as those given in Tables 2 and 5. 数据后标以不同字母表示同一品种不同处理间5%差异水平。EHW: 单穗籽粒灌浆最早达到最大平均粒重的时间。其他缩写同表2和表5。
表8 油菜素甾醇对杂交粳稻不同器官NSC/N的影响 Table 8 Effects of BRs on NSC/N of different organs of hybrid japonica rice (kg kg-1)
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