关键词:夏玉米; 乙矮合剂; 种植密度; 叶片氮同化; 早衰 Effects of Ethylene-Chlormequat-Potassium on Leaf Nitrogen Assimilation after Anthesis and Early Senescence under Different Planting Densities LU Lin1, DONG Zhi-Qiang1,*, DONG Xue-Rui1, JIAO Liu1, LI Guang-Yan1, GAO Jiao1,2 1 Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation, Beijing 100081, China
Fund:This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31470087) and the National Key Technology R&D Program of China (2011BAD16B14) AbstractTo explore the effects of ethylene-chlormequat-potassium (ECK) on the physiological mechanisms of nitrogen assimilation and early senescence in summer maize, and provide a theoretical basis for high and stable yields of summer maize under high plant density by chemical regulation technology in North China Plain, we conducted a field experiment using two varieties of Zhongdan 909 and Xundan 20 with different planting densities in 2013 and 2014. The results showed that increasing plant density significantly decreased the activities of nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamine synthetase (GS) after anthesis, glutamate oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) activity at anthesis, and glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) activity at 30 days after anthesis. The soluble protein and free amino acid contents at 20 days after anthesis, and the SPAD value at 10 days after anthesis were significantly decreased with increasing plant density. For both varieties, grain yield reached the highest under 7.5×104 plants ha-1, while decreased under the density of ≥ 7.5×104 plants ha-1. The higher density resulted in early senescence. ECK treatment significantly increased the activities of NR, GS, and contents of free amino acid, soluble protein and SPAD value during middle and late grain filling stages. ECK treatment also significantly improved the GOT and GPT activities under 7.5×104-10.5×104 plants ha-1. Under the density ≥ 7.5×104 plant ha-1, the yields of Zhongdan 909 and Xundan 20 compared with their own control were respectively increased by 5.59%-6.63% and 6.73%-8.10%. ECK treatment significantly increased the nitrogen assimilation key enzyme activity of ear leaf and its product content under different planting densities, promoted normal nitrogen assimilation and prevented early senescence under higher planting densities, therefore increased yield. Thus, an appropriate planting density combined with ECK application could be an important technique for achieving high grain yield for summer maize production in North China Plain.
Keyword:Summer maize; Ethylene-Chlormequat-Potassium; Planting density; Leaf nitrogen assimilation; Early senescence Show Figures Show Figures
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