关键词:水稻钵苗机插; 栽插规格; 产量; 株型; 抗倒伏 Effect of Planting Density of Mechanically Transplanted Pot Seedlings on Yield, Plant Type and Lodging Resistance in Rice with Different Panicle Types HU Ya-Jie1, CAO Wei-Wei1, QIAN Hai-Jun1, XING Zhi-Peng1, ZHANG Hong-Cheng1,*, DAI Qi-Gen1, HUO Zhong-Yang1, XU Ke1, WEI Hai-Yan1, GUO Bao-Wei1, GAO Hui1, SHA An-Qin2, ZHOU You-Yan2, LIU Guo-Lin2 1 Innovation Center of Rice Cultivation Technology in the Yangtze Valley, Ministry of Agriculture / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
2 Bureau of Agriculture of Xinghua County of Jiangsu Province, Xinghua 225700, China
AbstractIn order to identify the suitable planting density and high-yielding charcteristices of mechanically transplanted pot seedlings of rice (PS) with different panicle types, and clarify the effect of planting density on plant type and loding resitance, a field experiment was conducted using rice cultivar with three panicle types in 2012 and 2013. By setting high, medium and low planting density treatments and using mechanically transplanted carpet seedling as control (CK), we investigated yield and its components, panicle traits, canopy leaf system configuration, physical properties of culm and lodging resistance. Resluts showed as follows: (1) With decreasing planting density, yield of three density treatments in the large panicle cultivar increased firstly and then reduced which was higher than that of CK;,and yield of three density treatments reduced progressively for the medium and small panicle cultivar. With decreasing planting density, number of panicles in all cultivars reduced significantly, and spikelets per panicle increased markedly, but there was no significant difference in grain-filled percentage and 1000-grain weight. (2) With decreasing planting density, in all cultivars with PS, panicle length, grain density, grain weight per panicle, No. of primary branch, No. of secondary branch, No. of grains of primary branch and No. of grains of secondary branch showed a tendency of increase, and were higher than those in CK, but it showed a decreasing tendency in ratio of No. of primary branch to No. of secondary branch and ratio of No. of grains of primary branch to No. of grains of secondary branch. (3) Leaf length, leaf width, leaf basal angle, drooping angle of top three leaves and specific leaf weight from flag leaf to the 3rd leaf in all cultivars with PS were enhanced with decreasing planting density, and were higher than those in CK except for leaf basal angle and drooping angle. (4) With decreasing planting density, length of basal 1st, 2nd, and 3rd internodes were shortened, and culm diameter, culm wall thickness, dry matter weight per unit internode of basal inernodes, neck internode length, stalk length, plant height and gravity center height were increased. (5) The breaking resistance and bending moment of basal 1st, 2nd and 3rd internodes were increased with decreasing planting density, but lodging index was decreased. Therefore, for increasing yield with PS, the large panicle cultivar should reduce planting density appropriately, and increase grain number per panicle; the medium panicle cultivar should coordinate number of panicles and spikelets per panicle, getting a large amount of the total spikelets; the small panicle cultivar should depend on number of panicles. When the plant density reduced in PS, panicle traits and top three leaves area could be improved, but leaf basal angle and drooping angle could be increased; meanwhile, it was benefical to shorten the length of basal internodes and increase culm diameter, culm wall thickness and dry matter weight per unit internode, resulting in enhanced breaking resistance and reduced lodging index.
Keyword:Pot seedling mechanically transplanted rice; Planting specification; Yield; Plant type; Lodging resistance Show Figures Show Figures
表1 2012年钵苗机插不同密度下水稻产量及其构成因素 Table 1 Yield and its components of mechanically transplanted pot seedlings of rice with different transplanting densities in 2012
品种 Cultivar
处理 Treatment
穗数 Panicle (× 104 hm-2)
每穗粒数 Spikelets per panicle
群体颖花量 Total spikelets (× 104 hm-2)
结实率 Filled grains (%)
千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)
理论产量 Theoretical yield (t hm-2)
实产 Harvest yield (t hm-2)
甬优2640 Yongyou 2640
D1
234.80 a
244.56 c
57421.64 b
94.13 a
25.83 a
13.96 b
13.58 b
D2
218.79 b
272.64 b
59650.11 a
94.32 a
25.85 a
14.54 a
14.54 a
D3
198.31 c
291.80 a
57867.59 a
94.10 a
25.72 a
14.01 b
13.67 ab
CK
236.81 a
221.70 d
52500.78 c
94.18 a
25.48 a
12.60 c
12.28 c
甬优8号 Yongyou 8
D1
278.89 a
196.96 c
54929.67 b
85.47 a
28.65 a
13.45 b
13.20 ab
D2
263.12 b
215.81 b
56783.71 a
85.54 a
28.55 a
13.87 a
13.71 a
D3
244.81 c
226.34 a
55410.86 ab
85.13 a
28.38 a
13.39 b
13.08 b
CK
283.07 a
177.23 d
50167.83 c
85.45 a
28.62 a
12.27 c
12.01 c
武运粳24 Wuyunjing 24
D1
318.98 a
142.85 b
45566.94 a
96.24 a
27.89 a
12.23 a
11.93 a
D2
295.30 b
148.08 b
43726.38 b
96.35 a
27.82 a
11.72 b
11.45 b
D3
271.25 c
157.17 a
42632.75 c
95.47 a
27.72 a
11.28 c
10.98 c
CK
320.89 a
132.63 c
42560.78 c
96.15 a
27.87 a
11.41 bc
11.10 bc
宁粳3号 Ningjing 3
D1
335.51 a
133.54 b
44803.09 a
96.08 a
27.27 a
11.74 a
11.49 a
D2
313.81 b
138.87 ab
43578.23 b
95.69 a
27.17 a
11.33 b
11.15 a
D3
293.12 c
143.81 a
42155.04 c
95.17 a
27.20 a
10.91 c
10.63 b
CK
338.43 a
124.14 c
42013.11 c
95.25 a
27.32 a
10.93 c
10.66 b
淮稻5号 Huaidao 5
D1
370.17 a
107.45 b
39775.30 a
97.02 a
27.41 a
10.58 a
10.21 a
D2
345.35 b
112.07 ab
38701.66 ab
96.23 a
27.46 a
10.23 ab
9.94 ab
D3
321.25 c
115.63 a
37144.53 c
96.13 a
27.19 a
9.71 c
9.33 c
CK
377.42 a
99.36 c
37499.37 bc
96.50 a
27.53 a
9.96 bc
9.63 bc
淮稻10号 Huaidao 10
D1
351.37 a
109.56 b
38496.10 a
96.58 a
27.28 a
10.14 a
9.86 a
D2
331.40 b
113.31 ab
37552.05 ab
97.25 a
27.27 a
9.96 ab
9.72 ab
D3
308.12 c
116.24 a
35815.00 c
96.94 a
27.24 a
9.46 c
9.16 c
CK
357.38 a
101.67 c
36333.63 bc
96.85 a
27.23 a
9.58 bc
9.32 bc
Values followed by different lowercase letters are significantly different at 0.05 probability level among different density treatments of the same cultivar. D1: high density (plant space is 12 cm); D2: medium density (plant space is 14 cm); D3: low density (plant space is 16 cm); CK: mechanically transplanted carpet seedling. 标以不同小写字母的值表示同一品种不同密度处理间在0.05水平上差异显著。D1: 高密度(株距为12 cm); D2: 中密度(株距为14 cm); D3: 低密度(株距为16 cm); CK: 毯苗机插。
表1 2012年钵苗机插不同密度下水稻产量及其构成因素 Table 1 Yield and its components of mechanically transplanted pot seedlings of rice with different transplanting densities in 2012
表2 Table 2 表2(Table 2)
表2 2013年钵苗机插不同密度下水稻产量及其构成因素 Table 2 Yield and its components of mechanically transplanted pot seedlings of rice with different transplanting densities in 2013
品种 Cultivar
处理 Treat.
穗数 Panicle (× 104 hm-2)
每穗粒数 Spikelets per panicle
群体颖花量 Total spikelets (× 104 hm-2)
结实率 Filled grains (%)
千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)
理论产量 Theoretical yield (t hm-2)
实产 Harvest yield (t hm-2)
甬优2640 Yongyou 2640
D1
236.91 a
242.89 c
57541.59 b
92.77 a
25.23 a
13.47 b
13.10 b
D2
222.60 b
269.73 b
60040.62 a
92.39 a
25.08 a
13.91 a
13.75 a
D3
210.50 c
282.55 a
59475.82 ab
91.89 a
24.80 a
13.55 b
13.25 ab
CK
239.40 a
221.40 d
53002.05 c
91.19 a
25.14 a
12.15 c
11.85 c
甬优8号 Yongyou 8
D1
263.10 a
198.55 c
52237.81 b
86.10 a
29.01 a
13.05 b
12.85 b
D2
248.60 b
218.25 b
54257.50 a
86.19 a
29.05 a
13.59 a
13.42 a
D3
225.94 c
232.31 a
52487.02 b
86.02 a
28.95 a
13.07 b
12.81 b
CK
267.62 a
181.82 d
48657.73 c
85.54 a
29.05 a
12.09 c
11.76 c
武运粳24 Wuyunjing 24
D1
345.97 a
138.08 b
47772.69 a
94.41 a
27.38 a
12.35 a
12.07 a
D2
327.81 b
144.27 ab
47292.42 a
94.62 a
27.18 a
12.16 a
11.72 a
D3
297.87 c
150.40 a
44800.40 b
93.73 a
27.22 a
11.43 b
11.10 b
CK
354.70 a
125.07 c
44362.62 b
94.80 a
27.28 a
11.47 b
11.14 b
宁粳3号 Ningjing 3
D1
358.22 a
130.44 b
46724.67 a
94.27 a
27.02 a
11.90 a
11.63 a
D2
335.13 b
135.41 ab
45380.88 ab
95.04 a
26.95 a
11.62 a
11.27 a
D3
316.31 c
138.25 a
43729.37 bc
94.15 a
26.86 a
11.06 b
10.81 b
CK
364.56 a
118.40 c
43163.31 c
94.67 a
27.17 a
11.10 b
10.87 b
淮稻5号 Huaidao 5
D1
373.22 a
106.12 b
39605.58 a
96.14 a
27.27 a
10.38 a
10.08 a
D2
335.10 b
112.73 ab
37776.94 b
96.07 a
27.15 a
9.85 ab
9.61 ab
D3
317.31 c
114.79 a
36424.13 c
96.01 a
27.13 a
9.49 b
9.26 b
CK
381.33 a
98.85 c
37692.86 b
96.16 a
26.70 a
9.68 b
9.51 b
淮稻10号 Huaidao 10
D1
360.69 b
107.79 b
38877.23 a
96.41 a
27.19 a
10.19 a
9.99 a
D2
330.33 c
110.47 ab
36490.45 c
96.59 a
27.19 a
9.58 b
9.31 b
D3
312.90 d
115.18 a
36041.14 c
96.87 a
27.06 a
9.45 b
9.18 b
CK
375.78 a
100.57 c
37793.21 b
96.07 a
26.90 a
9.77 ab
9.46 b
Values followed by different lowercase letters are significantly different at the 0.05 probability level among different density treatments of the same cultivar. Abbreviations of treatment are the same as those given in Table 1. 标以不同小写字母的值表示同一品种不同密度处理间在0.05水平上差异显著。处理缩写同表1。
表2 2013年钵苗机插不同密度下水稻产量及其构成因素 Table 2 Yield and its components of mechanically transplanted pot seedlings of rice with different transplanting densities in 2013
表5 钵苗机插不同密度下水稻上三叶叶片形态和比叶重 Table 5 Characteristic and specific leaf of the top three leaves of mechanically transplanted pot seedlings of rice with different transplanting densities
表5 钵苗机插不同密度下水稻上三叶叶片形态和比叶重 Table 5 Characteristic and specific leaf of the top three leaves of mechanically transplanted pot seedlings of rice with different transplanting densities
表6 钵苗机插不同密度下水稻基部节间长度和株高 Table 6 The internodes length and plant height of mechanically transplanted pot seedlings of rice with different transplanting densities
表6 钵苗机插不同密度下水稻基部节间长度和株高 Table 6 The internodes length and plant height of mechanically transplanted pot seedlings of rice with different transplanting densities
表7 Table 7 表7(Table 7)
表7 钵苗机插不同密度下水稻基部节间茎秆粗度、茎壁厚度和单位节间干重 Table 7 The culm diameter and culm wall thickness of basal internodes and dry weight of unit internod of mechanically transplanted pot seedlings of rice with different transplanting densities
表7 钵苗机插不同密度下水稻基部节间茎秆粗度、茎壁厚度和单位节间干重 Table 7 The culm diameter and culm wall thickness of basal internodes and dry weight of unit internod of mechanically transplanted pot seedlings of rice with different transplanting densities
表8 钵苗机插不同密度下水稻基部节间抗折力、弯曲力矩和倒伏指数 Table 8 Breaking resistance and bending moment and lodging index of mechanically transplanted pot seedlings of rice with different transplanting densities
表8 钵苗机插不同密度下水稻基部节间抗折力、弯曲力矩和倒伏指数 Table 8 Breaking resistance and bending moment and lodging index of mechanically transplanted pot seedlings of rice with different transplanting densities
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