关键词:麦棉种植模式; 棉仁; 脂肪; 蛋白质; 关键酶 Effects of Double Cropping of Wheat and Cotton on Fat and Protein Metabolism of Cotton Embryo SHEN Tian-Yao, DU Xiang-Bei, YANG Hong-Kun, ZHANG Yu-Xiao, ZHENG Yu-Fei, ZHOU Zhi-Guo, CHEN Bing-Lin* Nanjing Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, China
AbstractTo provide a theoretical basis for improving the quality of cottonseed under the condition of stabilizing the cotton yield and quality in wheat-cotton double cropping region of China, we studied the effects of the cropping system on fat and protein metabolism of cotton embryo. Field experiments were conducted in 2012 and 2013 at the cotton experimental station of Dafeng City, Jiangsu province, China, using cotton cultivars Siza 3 (mid-late maturity) and CCRI50 (early maturity) with four cropping systems monocropping cotton (CK) as control, and three wheat-cotton double cropping systems were intercropped cotton (IC), transplanted cotton (TC) and direct-seeded cotton (DC). The accumulation of cotton embryo fat and protein, and key enzyme activities as well as their correlation were measured. The results showed that cotton embryo fat content of the double-cropped cotton was lower than that of CK, with the order of IC>TC>DC. Besides, the cotton embryo protein content of IC, TC was higher than that of CK, however, that of DC was lower than that of CK. Moreover, the contents of cotton embryo fat and protein were higher in CCRI50 than in Siza 3. The double-cropped cotton had lower phosphatidate phosphatase (PPase) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) but higher phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) activities, compared with CK. Furthermore, the activities of glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) of IC and TC were higher than those of CK, however, those of DC were lower. Moreover, the activities of PPase, G6PDH, GS and GOGAT were higher in CCRI50 than in Siza 3, but the PEPC activity had opposite trend between them. The content of cotton embryo fat was significantly and positively correlated with PPase and G6PDH activities, and significantly and negatively correlated with PEPC activity. In addition, the content of cotton embryo protein was significantly and positively correlated with G6PDH, GS and GOGAT activities. In summary, wheat-cotton intercropping system with mid-maturity cotton cultivars should be utilized to increase the quality of cottonseed on the basis of the stable cotton yield and quality in wheat-cotton region double cropping of China.
Keyword:Wheat-cotton cropping system; Cotton embryo; Fat; Protein; Key enzyme Show Figures Show Figures
图2 不同种植模式对棉仁蛋白质累积的影响Fig. 2 Effects of different cropping systems on the cotton embryo protein accumulation
表3 Table 3 表3(Table 3)
表3 不同种植模式下棉仁蛋白质累积特征值比较 Table 3 Eigenvalues of cotton embryo protein accumulation under different cropping systems
种植模式 Cropping system
2012
2013
TP0
TPm
TP (d)
VPm (% d-1)
TP× VPm (%)
Pm (%)
R2
TP0
TPm
TP (d)
VPm (% d-1)
TP× VPm (%)
Pm (%)
R2
泗杂3号Siza 3
CK
11.3
21.1
19.3
1.4
27.0
39.9
0.9921* *
14.1
20.8
13.4
1.9
25.5
38.3
0.9761* *
IC
14.0
21.5
15.1
1.8
27.2
40.7
0.9751* *
15.7
21.7
11.9
2.3
27.4
41.2
0.9828* *
TC
16.2
24.2
15.9
1.8
28.6
42.6
0.9794* *
15.4
20.9
10.9
2.4
26.2
40.1
0.9660* *
DC
14.5
25.3
21.6
1.1
23.8
37.6
0.9960* *
14.6
21.1
14.5
1.7
24.7
37.7
0.9878* *
平均 Average
14.0
23.0
18.0
1.5
26.7
40.2
15.0
21.1
12.7
2.1
26.0
39.3
中棉所50 CCRI 50
CK
12.8
21.7
17.9
1.5
26.9
40.8
0.9893* *
14.6
19.9
10.7
2.4
25.7
39.1
0.9918* *
IC
14.2
21.9
15.3
1.8
27.5
42.2
0.9986* *
16.3
21.2
9.8
2.9
28.4
42.9
0.9884* *
TC
15.7
23.2
15.0
1.9
28.5
42.5
0.9962* *
15.7
20.7
10.1
2.7
27.3
41.9
0.9925* *
DC
15.5
25.1
19.2
1.3
25.0
37.6
0.9753* *
14.8
20.3
11.0
2.3
25.3
38.4
0.9933* *
平均 Average
14.6
23.0
16.9
1.6
27.0
40.8
15.4
20.5
10.4
2.6
26.7
40.6
TP0: starting period of cotton embryo protein accumulation rapidly; TPm: period of the maximum rate of cotton embryo protein; TP: duration of cotton embryo protein accumulation rapidly; VPm: maximal speed of cotton embryo protein accumulation; TP× VPm: accumulation of cotton embryo protein; Pm: theoretical maximum of cotton embryo protein; * * significant difference at the 0.01 probability level (2012, n=5, R20.01=08431; 2013, n=4, R20.01=0.9191). TP0: 棉仁蛋白质快速累积起始期; TPm: 棉仁蛋白质最大累积速率出现期; TP: 棉仁蛋白质快速累积持续期; VPm: 棉仁蛋白质最大累积速率; TP× VPm: 棉仁蛋白质快速累积期累积量; Pm: 棉仁蛋白质理论最大值; * * 表示在0.01水平上显著(2012年, n=6, R20.01=0.8431; 2013年, n=5, R20.01=0.9191)。
表3 不同种植模式下棉仁蛋白质累积特征值比较 Table 3 Eigenvalues of cotton embryo protein accumulation under different cropping systems
表4 棉仁脂肪和蛋白质含量与其关键酶活性的相关性 Table 4 Correlation coefficients between cotton embryo fat, protein contents and key enzyme activities
相关性 Correlation
磷脂酸磷酸酯酶 PPase
丙酮酸羧化酶 PEPC
6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶 G6PDH
谷氨酰胺合成酶 GS
谷氨酸合酶 GOGAT
脂肪 Fat
0.764* *
-0.659* *
0.694* *
0.340
0.052
蛋白质 Protein
0.307
-0.037
0.498*
0.694* *
0.838* *
* and * * mean significant differences at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively. (n=16, R20.05=0.497, R20.01=0.623) * 和* * 分别表示在0.05和0.01水平上差异显著。(n=16, R20.05=0.497, R20.01=0.623)
表4 棉仁脂肪和蛋白质含量与其关键酶活性的相关性 Table 4 Correlation coefficients between cotton embryo fat, protein contents and key enzyme activities
4 结论两熟棉棉仁脂肪含量较单作棉低, 呈麦套移栽棉、麦后移栽棉、麦后直播棉依次下降的趋势; 麦套棉和麦后移栽棉棉仁蛋白质含量皆高于单作棉, 麦后直播棉低于单作棉。两熟棉棉仁PPase和G6PDH活性低于单作棉, PEPC活性高于单作棉, 限制了棉仁脂肪含量的提高; 麦套移栽棉、麦后移栽棉较单作棉具有较高的GS、GOGAT活性, 有利于棉仁蛋白质含量的提高。早熟品种中棉所50棉仁脂肪和蛋白质含量均略高于中晚熟品种泗杂3号。因此, 选用中熟棉花品种、麦套移栽方式可以在稳定我国麦棉两熟棉区棉花产量和品质的基础上提高棉籽品质。 The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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