关键词:籼粳杂交稻; 甬优系列; 根系形态生理 Root System Morphological and Physiological Characteristics of Indica- japonica Hybrid Rice of Yongyou Series JIANG Yuan-Hua, XU Jun-Wei, ZHAO Ke, WEI Huan-He, SUN Jian-Jun, ZHANG Hong-Cheng*, DAI Qi-Gen, HUO Zhong-Yang, XU Ke, WEI Hai-Yan, GUO Bao-Wei Innovation Center of Rice Cultivation Technology in the Yangtze Valley, Ministry of Agriculture / Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
AbstractA field experiment was conducted to compare the root system morphological and physiological characteristics of four types of rice populations including indica-japonica hybrid rice of Yongyou series (A), japonica hybrid rice (B), conventional japonica rice (C), and indica hybrid rice (D) under high-yielding cultivation condition in the rice-wheat cropping system. Results were as follows: (1) The root dry weight, aboveground dry weight, number of root tips, root length, root surface area, root-shoot ratio and root volume of A were obviously higher than those of B, C, and D at the middle and late growth stage. (2) The proportion of number, length, surface area and volume of the adventitious roots(root diameter > 0.3 mm) to the whole roots of A were higher than those of B and C, while lower than those of D at heading; the proportion of number, length, surface area and volume of the fine branches (root diameter ≤ 0.1 mm) and coarse branches (0.1 mm < root diameter ≤ 0.3 mm) to total roots of A were higher than those of D, while lower than those of B and C at heading. The proportions of root weight in 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm, and 10-15 cm soil layers to total roots weight of A were higher than those of B and C, while lower than those of D; however, the proportions of root weight in 15-25 cm, 25-35 cm, 35-45 cm, and 45-55 cm soil layers to the total root weight where lower than those of B and C, while higher than these of D at heading. (3) The total absorbing surface area, active absorbing surface area, bleeding intensity, root oxidation activity, and root reducing activity of A were higher than those of B, C, and D. Compared with B, C, and D, the indica-japonica hybrid rice of Yongyou series had significant advantage in root-shoot coordination level, root amount, branch structure, root distribution in soil and biological activity in the middle and late growth stage. This peculiarity of A provides an important guarantee to realize the super-high-yield.
Keyword:Indica-japonica hybrid rice; Yongyou series; Morphology and physiology of roots Show Figures Show Figures
表1 不同类型水稻品种产量及其构成 Table 1 Difference of grain yield and its components in different types of rice cultivars
年份 Year
类型 Type
有效穗数 No. of panicles (× 104 hm-2)
每穗粒数 Spikelets per panicle
总颖花量 Total spikelets (× 104 hm-2)
结实率 Seed-setting rate (%)
千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)
实际产量 Actual yield (kg hm-2)
2012
A
200.98 d
314.02 a
63093.94 a
84.01 c
24.19 b
12152.21 a
B
241.57 b
221.66 b
53494.86 b
86.07 b
26.33 a
11528.21 b
C
329.65 a
143.43 d
47242.65 d
91.26 a
26.56 a
10901.20 c
D
238.89 c
205.84 c
49138.74 c
82.32 d
26.57 a
10140.64 d
2013
A
203.63 c
299.36 a
60959.55 a
83.69 c
24.36 b
12026.77 a
B
246.97 b
212.55 b
52493.00 b
85.96 b
26.54 a
11385.83 b
C
336.95 a
137.53 d
46339.60 d
90.84 a
26.61 a
10742.21 c
D
243.10 b
196.23 c
47704.37 c
81.86 d
26.76 a
10043.47 d
A: indica-japonica hybrid rice; B: japonica hybrid rice; C: conventional japonica rice; D: indicahybrid rice. Values followed by different letters are significantly different at the 0.05 probability level. A: 籼粳杂交稻; B: 杂交粳稻; C: 常规粳稻; D: 杂交籼稻。数字后跟不同小写字母表示在0.05水平上差异显著。
表1 不同类型水稻品种产量及其构成 Table 1 Difference of grain yield and its components in different types of rice cultivars
表2 不同类型水稻品种群体根系的形态特征 Table 2 Root system morphological characteristics of populations in different types of rice cultivars
年份 Year
类型 Type
根尖数 Number of tips (× 106 tips hm-2)
长度 Length (× 103 m hm-2)
表面积 Surface area (× 102 m2 hm-2)
体积 Volume (× 102 m3 hm-2)
拔节期Jointing
2012
A
26927.53 d
9507.00 d
820.99 a
17.71 d
B
27353.82 c
9603.94 c
808.65 b
18.23 c
C
27675.06 b
9661.07 b
791.82 c
18.69 b
D
31756.82 a
11107.10 a
812.86 b
22.35 a
2013
A
26773.24 d
9419.91 d
694.37 a
18.58 d
B
28208.20 c
10175.11 c
779.50 b
19.31 c
C
28907.54 b
10091.31 b
846.60 c
19.52 b
D
32943.02 a
11521.97 a
843.22 b
23.19 a
抽穗期Heading
2012
A
40882.08 a
17253.67 a
1846.64 a
26.71 a
B
36281.56 c
15366.48 c
1700.33 b
23.25 c
C
32605.26 d
13856.47 d
1581.22 d
20.50 d
D
37259.80 b
15642.03 b
1617.34 c
24.83 b
2013
A
43261.31 a
18257.79 a
1954.11 a
28.27 a
B
38197.05 c
16177.75 c
1790.10 b
24.48 c
C
33694.91 d
14319.54 d
1634.06 d
21.19 d
D
39121.31 b
16423.51 b
1698.14 c
26.07 b
成熟期Maturity
2012
A
33162.28 a
12389.51 a
1219.55 a
23.51 a
B
26888.34 b
10209.68 b
1154.91 b
18.67 b
C
22053.76 c
8503.08 c
1077.91 c
15.00 c
D
18472.15 d
6833.09 d
564.35 d
13.48 d
2013
A
34299.63 a
12814.43 a
1261.38 a
24.32 a
B
27046.61 b
10269.78 b
1161.71 b
18.78 b
C
23122.18 c
8915.02 c
1130.14 c
15.73 c
D
19254.60 d
7122.53 d
588.25 d
14.05 d
Values followed by different letters are significantly different at the 0.05 probability level. Abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 1. 数字后不同小写字母表示在0.05水平上差异显著。缩写同表1。
表2 不同类型水稻品种群体根系的形态特征 Table 2 Root system morphological characteristics of populations in different types of rice cultivars
图2 不同类型水稻品种抽穗期根数分布比例其他缩写同图1。Fig. 2 Distribution of different percentage of different pants of roots in different types of rice cultivarsFB: fine branch; CB: course branch; AB: adventitious branch.Other abbreviations are the same as those given in Figure 1.
图3 不同类型水稻品种抽穗期根系干重分布比例缩写同图1。Fig. 3 Distribution percentage of roots in different types of rice cultivarsAbbreviations are the same as those given in Figure 1.
表3 不同类型品种群体根系总吸收面积与活跃吸收面积 Table 3 Total absorbing surface area, active absorbing surface area and ratio of active absorbing surface area to total absorbing surface area in different types of rice cultivars
类型Type
群体根系总吸收面积 Total absorbing surface area of population (× 104 m2 hm-2)
群体根系活跃吸收面积 Active absorbing surface area of population (× 104 m2 hm-2)
拔节期 Jointing
抽穗期 Heading
成熟期 Maturity
拔节期 Jointing
抽穗期 Heading
成熟期 Maturity
2012
A
896.95 b
1643.14 a
899.32 a
495.12 b
941.52 a
327.17 a
B
862.70 c
1518.31 c
816.06 b
484.68 c
882.14 b
286.85 b
C
813.54 d
1405.22 d
757.75 c
466.62 d
835.30 c
260.98 c
D
942.27 a
1562.47 b
510.97 d
508.05 a
884.40 b
171.08 d
2013
A
880.99 b
1631.25 a
885.85 a
487.69 b
938.12 a
323.60 a
B
857.79 c
1504.82 c
789.91 b
478.65 c
874.69 b
278.82 b
C
801.42 d
1400.11 d
753.00 c
457.64 d
826.71 c
260.78 c
D
936.09 a
1562.49 b
491.67 d
501.51 a
882.47 b
161.37 d
Values followed by different letters are significantly different at the 0.05 probability level. Abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 1. 数字后跟不同小写字母表示在0.05水平上差异显著。缩写同表1。
表3 不同类型品种群体根系总吸收面积与活跃吸收面积 Table 3 Total absorbing surface area, active absorbing surface area and ratio of active absorbing surface area to total absorbing surface area in different types of rice cultivars
图4 不同类型品种抽穗后根系α -萘胺氧化力和TTC还原力缩写同图1。Fig. 4 Oxidation ability and reducing capacity in different types of rice cultivars after headingAbbreviations are the same as those given in Figure 1.
图5 不同类型品种抽穗后群体根系伤流强度缩写同图1。Fig. 5 Root bleeding intensity in different types of rice cultivars after headingAbbreviations are the same as those given in Figure 1.
4 结论甬优系列籼粳杂交稻根系融合了籼、粳亚种根系的优点, 具有较高的根冠协调水平, 在生育中后期能在群体水平上形成比籼稻更为庞大的根量和形态, 在根系构型及分布上吸取了粳稻分支多、深扎性好的特点, 同时克服籼稻生育后期早衰的弊端, 在整个灌浆期保持较强劲的根系生理活性, 一定程度上满足了超高产群体对肥水的需求, 增强了群体安全支撑性能, 为灌浆期地上部光合系统持续产出、养分水分高效利用、籽粒灌浆有效充分及产量优势的形成提供了重要保障。 The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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