关键词:玉米; 遮光; 灌浆特性; 产量 Effects of Shading on Grain-Filling Properties and Yield of Maize at Different Growth Stages CHEN Chuan-Yong1,**, WANG Rong-Huan1,**, ZHAO Jiu-Ran1,*, XU Tian-Jun1, WANG Yuan-Dong1, LIU Xiu-Zhi1, LIU Chun-Ge1, PEI Zhi-Chao2, CHENG Guang-Lei1, CHEN Guo-Ping1 1Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
2Beijing Agricultural Technology Extension, Beijing 100029, China
Fund: AbstractThe objective of this study was to explore the effect of shading at different growth stages on grain filling properties and yield of maize (Zea maysL.). The Field experiments were carried out using maize cultivars (Jingke 968, Zhengdan 958) with shading of 50% at the 13th leaf fully expanded (T1), the silking (T2) and the15th day after silking (T3) for seven days in 2012-2013. The natural light condition without shading was used as the control. The Logistic equation was used to analyze the grain filling process. The results showed that grains per ear, 1000-kernel weight and yield were all decreased to a different degree under shading conditions at different growth stages, and the decrease rate of grain yield was increased with lasting shading duration. The yield was significantly different under different shading treatments. The duration of the maximum grain filling and active grain-filling period (P) were shortened, the maximum and mean grain-filling rate (Gmax) decreased and the final grain weight (A) reduced under shading conditions. The relation among grain weight, grain number per ear and grain yield was determined by characteristics of maize cultivar. The grain weight of the same cultivar was significantly positively correlated with grain weight with the maximum grain-filling rate (Wmax), and the grain weight of different maize cultivars was determined by active grain-filling period (P). The grain number per ear of the same maize cultivar was significantly positively correlated withGmax, and the grain number per ear of different maize cultivars was determined byWmax. It is an important way to keep a high or stable yield by selecting the suitable cultivar, improvingWmax andGmax and prolonging active grain-filling period (P) under weak light stress.
表2 不同时期遮光条件下的玉米产量与产量构成因素 Table 2 Yield and its components of maize under different shading treatments
遮光处理 Shading treatment
2012
2013
穗粒数 Grain No. per ear
千粒重 1000-kernel weight (g)
产量 Grain yield (kg hm-2)
穗粒数 Grain No. per ear
千粒重 1000-kernel weight (g)
产量 Grain yield (kg hm-2)
京科968 Jingke 968
CK
563.88 Aa
327.74 Aa
9473.10 Aa
568.80 Aa
320.00 Aa
9550.35 Aa
T1
546.90 Aab
320.35 Aab
8906.01 Ab
554.40 ABa
308.30 Bb
8937.00 Bb
T2
511.62 ABbc
312.76 ABb
8167.09 Bc
526.50 Bb
296.94 Cc
8198.10 Cc
T3
466.24 Bc
296.95 Bc
7097.58 Cd
488.00 Cc
285.92 Dd
7355.70 Dd
郑单958 Zhengdan 958
CK
518.07 Aa
318.87 Aa
8453.21 Aa
520.50 Aa
315.79 Aa
8564.64 Aa
T1
464.48 Bb
315.97 Aab
7430.93 ABb
507.00 Bb
295.40 Bb
7792.43 Bb
T2
447.72 Bb
310.41 Ab
7033.69 Bc
498.00 Cc
282.17 Cc
7370.40 Cc
T3
361.39 Cc
285.66 Bc
5055.81 Cd
435.00 Dd
276.22 Cc
6179.34 Dd
Values followed by different letters are significantly different at the 1% (capital) and the 5% (lowercase) probability levels, respectively. CK: natural light condition without shading; T1: shading treatment at the 13th leaf fully expanded; T2: shading treatment at the silking; T3: shading treatment at the 15th day after silking. 大、小写字母分别表示在1%和5%水平上差异显著。CK: 自然光照; T1: 13叶期遮光; T2: 吐丝期遮光; T3: 吐丝后15 d遮光。
表2 不同时期遮光条件下的玉米产量与产量构成因素 Table 2 Yield and its components of maize under different shading treatments
图1 不同处理条件下的玉米籽粒增重动态曲线CK: 自然光照; T1: 13叶期遮光; T2: 吐丝期遮光; T3: 吐丝后15 d遮光。Fig. 1 Dynamics curve of grain weight-increasing of maize under different treatments at different stagesCK: natural light condition without shading; T1: shading treatment at the 13th leaf fully expanded; T2: shading treatment at the silking; T3: shading treatment at the 15th day after silking.
表3 不同玉米品种各处理条件下的籽粒灌浆特征参数 Table 3 Characteristic parameters of maize at grain-filling stage under different treatments
遮光处理 Shading treatment
决定系数 Coefficient of determination
方程参数Parameter of equation
籽粒灌浆参数Parameter of grain filling
A
B
C
Tmax (d)
Wmax (g 100-kernel-1)
Gmax (g 100-kernel-1 d-1)
P (d)
京科968 Jingke 968
CK
0.9966
32.72
30.54
0.1259
27.16
16.36
1.0296
47.67
T1
0.9968
31.68
31.62
0.1270
27.19
15.84
1.0057
47.24
T2
0.9972
30.44
33.54
0.1309
26.83
15.22
0.9964
45.82
T3
0.9978
29.29
34.75
0.1335
26.57
14.65
0.9778
44.93
郑单958 Zhengdan 958
CK
0.9982
31.88
31.98
0.1303
26.60
15.94
1.0383
46.05
T1
0.9984
30.71
34.88
0.1327
26.77
15.36
1.0187
45.22
T2
0.9946
29.83
34.16
0.1339
26.38
14.91
0.9983
44.82
T3
0.9986
29.23
35.57
0.1347
26.52
14.62
0.9843
44.55
A: the final grain weight; B: initial parameter; C: growth rate parameter; Tmax: the time reaching the maximum grain-filling rate; Wmax: weight of a kernel at the time of maximum grain-filling rate; Gmax: maximum grain-filling rate; P: active grain-filling period; CK: natural light condition without shading; T1: shading treatment at the 13th leaf fully expanded; T2: shading treatment at the silking; T3: shading treatment at the 15th day after silking. A: 终极生长量; B: 初值参数; C: 生长速率参数; Tmax: 达到最大灌浆速率的天数; Wmax: 籽粒灌浆速率最大时的生长量; Gmax: 最大灌浆速率; P: 活跃灌浆天数; CK: 自然光照; T1: 13叶期遮光; T2: 吐丝期遮光; T3: 吐丝后15 d遮光。
表3 不同玉米品种各处理条件下的籽粒灌浆特征参数 Table 3 Characteristic parameters of maize at grain-filling stage under different treatments
表4 籽粒灌浆参数、穗粒数、千粒重与产量的通径分析 Table 4 Path and regression analysis of effect of grain-filling parameters, grains per ear, 1000-kernel weight with grain yield
作用因子 Effect factors
相关系数 Correlation coefficient
直接作用 Direct effect
间接作用 Indirect effect
总和Total
→ x1
→ x2
→ x3
→ x4
→ x5
→ x6
京科968 Jingke 968
x1
0.1804
0.0071
0.1733
-0.3682
0.2845
0.0598
0.0236
0.1736
x2
0.3412
-0.5059
0.8470
0.0052
0.4094
0.0757
0.1091
0.2477
x3
0.8736**
0.5462
0.3275
0.0037
-0.3792
-0.0099
0.3862
0.3267
x4
0.5414
-0.1260
0.6674
-0.0034
0.3038
0.0427
0.3036
0.0207
x5
0.9867**
0.4819
0.5048
0.0004
-0.1146
0.4376
-0.0794
0.2608
x6
0.8671**
0.3308
0.5363
0.0037
-0.3787
0.5393
-0.0079
0.3799
郑单958 Zhengdan 958
x1
-0.2684
0.0436
-0.3119
-0.6415
0.2360
0.3710
-0.3303
0.0528
x2
-0.1386
-0.6892
0.5506
0.0406
0.3184
0.3688
-0.2518
0.0747
x3
0.6600*
0.5192
0.1408
0.0198
-0.4226
0.0830
0.3269
0.1336
x4
0.5344
-0.4112
0.9456
-0.0393
0.6182
-0.1048
0.4899
-0.0183
x5
0.9655**
0.7259
0.2396
-0.0198
0.2391
0.2338
-0.2775
0.0639
x6
0.6850*
0.1346
0.5504
0.0171
-0.3827
0.5152
0.0560
0.3448
x1:thetime reaching to maximum grain filling rate ( Tmax); x2:active grain filling period ( P); x3: weight of a kernel at the time of maximum grain-filling rate ( Wmax); x4:maximum grain filling rate ( Gmax); x5: grain number per ear; x6: 1000-kernel weight.*,**mean significance at 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively. x1: 达到最大灌浆速率的天数; x2:活跃灌浆天数; x3:灌浆速率最大时的生长量; x4:最大灌浆速率; x5:穗粒数; x6:千粒重。*,**分别表示在0.05和0.01水平上显著。
表4 籽粒灌浆参数、穗粒数、千粒重与产量的通径分析 Table 4 Path and regression analysis of effect of grain-filling parameters, grains per ear, 1000-kernel weight with grain yield
表5 Table 5 表5(Table 5)
表5 不同玉米品种灌浆特征参数与千粒重和穗粒数的相关系数 Table 5 Correlations coefficient of grain-filling parameters with 1000-grain weight and grains per ear of maize
品种 Cultivar
籽粒灌浆参数 Parameter of grain filling
千粒重 1000-kernel weight
穗粒数 Grain number per ear
京科968 Jingke 968
Tmax
0.5248
0.0489
Wmax
0.9874**
0.8013**
Gmax
0.0560
0.6219*
P
0.7486*
0.2265
郑单958 Zhengdan 958
Tmax
0.3908
-0.4550
Wmax
0.9922**
0.4504
Gmax
-0.1469
0.6662*
P
0.5553
-0.3469
*,**mean significance at 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively. Abbreviations are the same as given in Table 3. *,**分别表示在0.05和0.01水平上显著。
表5 不同玉米品种灌浆特征参数与千粒重和穗粒数的相关系数 Table 5 Correlations coefficient of grain-filling parameters with 1000-grain weight and grains per ear of maize
4 结论不同时期遮光均导致玉米籽粒灌浆高峰持续期与活跃灌浆天数缩短、灌浆强度降低, 最大灌浆速率、籽粒灌浆速率最大时的生长量与平均灌浆速率均下降, 籽粒终极生长量减少, 致使玉米穗粒数与千粒重下降, 产量降低, 且遮光时期越晚降幅越大。品种特性决定粒重、穗粒数与灌浆参数的关系, 粒重与灌浆速率最大时的生长量呈显著正相关, 品种间的粒重差异由活跃灌浆天数决定, 穗粒数与最大灌浆速率呈显著正相关, 品种间的穗粒数差异由灌浆速率最大时的生长量决定。在遮光条件下, 京科968较郑单958适应性强。因此, 选择适宜品种, 通过栽培调控措施提高籽粒灌浆速率最大时的生长量与最大灌浆速率, 延长活跃灌浆天数是玉米在光胁迫环境下获得高产、稳产的重要途径。 The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. 作者已声明无竞争性利益关系。The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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