关键词:小麦; 渍水; 高温; 蛋白质含量; 白度 Effects of Waterlogging, High Temperature and Their Interaction after Anthesis on Grain Protein Components and Flour Color in Wheat ZHANG Yan-Fei1, WANG Chen-Yang12*, MA Dong-Yun12, LU Hong-Fang1, ZHU Yun-Ji1, XIE Ying-Xin12, GUO Tian-Cai12 1National Wheat Engineering Research Center, Zhengzhou 450002 China
2 Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
Fund: AbstractWaterlogging and high temperature after anthesis are main meteorological disasters to winter wheat growing in the middle and lower Yangtze Valley. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of waterlogging, high temperature, and their interaction on grain yield, protein component content, and flour color of wheat. In a two-year pot experiment from October 2011 to October 2013, wheat cultivars Zhengmai 366 and Zhengmai 004 differing in gluten strength were treated with waterlogging (WL) and/or high temperature (HT) stress from the 5th to 14th day after anthesis. In the 2011-2012 growing season, 1000-grain weights of both cultivars were reduced significantly under WL, HT, and WL+HT stresses, and the reduction percentages were 10%, 23%, and 16% in Zhengmai 366 and 7%, 27%, and 32% in Zhengmai 004, respectively. Similar influence was repeated in the 2012-2013 growing season, but the reduction percentages were smaller. In both cultivars, the contents of grain protein and protein components were decreased under WL stress and increased under HT stress. However, the effect of WL+HT on grain protein varied with cultivars. The contents of protein and its components in Zhengmai 004 significantly increased under WL+HT in both years, whereas, those in Zhengmai 366 had no significant changes in 2011-2012 growing season and had significant reductions in 2012-2013 growing season. The flour color was obviously affected by stresses in both cultivars. Under WL, HT, and WL+HT, the flour L-value decreased by 0.9%, 1.2%, and 1.9% in Zhengmai 366 and by 0.2%, 2.1%, and 1.7% in Zhengmai 004; the a-values increased by 14%, 33%, and 43% in Zhengmai 366 and by 0.3%, 77.0%, and 42.0% in Zhengmai 004; the b-values increased by 4%, 2%, and 11% in Zhengmai 366 and by 4%, 7%, and 8% in Zhengmai 004, respectively. Protein and glutenin contents had a close relationship with the flour whiteness, having the negative effect on flour L-value significantly, and the positive effect on flour a-value and b-value significantly.
Keyword:Wheat; Waterlogging; High temperature; Protein content; Whiteness Show Figures Show Figures
图1 高温处理期间棚内(HT)与棚外(CK)的温度差异A: 一天中处理时间内的温度; B: 胁迫期内每天的温度。Fig. 1 Difference of temperature inside (HT) and outside (CK) the shade during stress periodA: Temperature during treatment time in a day; B: Daily temperature during stress period.
图2 花后土壤渍水(WL)和高温(HT)胁迫对小麦千粒重的影响误差线上不同字母表示同一品种的不同处理间有显著差异( P < 0.05)。Fig. 2 Effects of waterlogging (WL) and high temperature (HT) after anthesis on 1000-grain weight of winter wheatDifferent letters above error bars indicate significant difference among treatments at P < 0.05.
表1 花后渍水、高温及其复合胁迫对蛋白质及其组分的影响 Table 1 Variance analysis for protein component in grains of different wheat cultivars among the treatments (%)
品种 Cultivar
处理 Treatment
2011-2012
2012-2013
蛋白质Protein
清蛋白Albumin
球蛋白Globulin
醇溶蛋白Gliadin
麦谷蛋白Glutenin
蛋白质Protein
清蛋白Albumin
球蛋白Globulin
醇溶蛋白Gliadin
麦谷蛋白Glutelnin
郑麦366 Zhengmai 366
CK
15.21 b
2.61 a
1.63 a
5.21 b
4.76 bc
18.00 a
2.99 a
1.96 a
4.99 a
5.61 b
WL
14.72 b
2.55 a
1.43 a
4.44 c
4.32 c
13.37 c
2.24 a
1.17 c
2.77 c
4.83 c
HT
18.64 a
2.88 a
1.65 a
7.32 a
5.80 a
18.16 a
3.08 a
1.94 a
4.94 a
5.57 b
WL+HT
15.29 b
2.56 a
1.64 a
4.94 bc
5.16 ab
17.50 b
2.50 b
1.38 b
4.27 b
6.44 a
郑麦004 Zhengmai 004
CK
13.50 d
2.97 b
1.29 b
5.09 b
3.16 c
14.21 c
3.12 c
1.58 ab
3.69 c
3.70 c
WL
12.58 c
2.92 b
1.19 b
4.17 c
3.31 c
13.75 d
2.87 d
1.32 b
2.81 d
4.27 b
HT
18.68 a
3.09 b
1.75 a
6.03 a
6.82 a
17.36 a
3.59 a
1.90 a
5.14 a
4.18 b
WL+HT
16.62 b
3.42 a
1.71 a
5.91 a
4.59 b
16.84 b
3.41 b
1.70 a
4.38 b
5.09 a
F值 F-value
品种C
26.06**
59.58**
2.55
31.84**
15.84**
293.13**
1477.16**
0.06
29.16**
492.79**
渍水WL
95.83**
0.20
1.85
2.37
33.63**
485.00**
969.36**
89.84**
665.88**
44.71**
高温HT
735.82**
14.81**
22.59**
2.37
157.38**
1370.86**
575.31**
21.50**
652.73**
149.77**
品种×渍水C×WL
3.09
8.18*
0.09
0.01
3.28
227.62**
250.78**
21.85**
50.18**
34.85**
品种×高温C×HT
115.06**
2.20
8.64*
5.57
31.53**
47.07**
135.97**
7.00*
79.75**
1.36
渍水+高温WL+HT
67.08**
0.29
1.09
3.15
22.40**
188.75**
20.81**
2.25
88.98**
71.45**
品种×渍水+高温C×WL+HT
39.80**
3.87
0.69
0.05
19.27**
195.44**
11.93**
1.63
77.51**
51.19**
同一列数字后不同字母表示处理间差异显著( P<0.05)。* P<0.05水平显著;** P<0.01水平显著( F0.05=5.59, F0.01=12.25)。 Values followed by different letters are significantly different at P<0.05.* Significant at P< 0.05;** significant at P< 0.01 ( F0.05=5.59, F0.01=12.25).
表1 花后渍水、高温及其复合胁迫对蛋白质及其组分的影响 Table 1 Variance analysis for protein component in grains of different wheat cultivars among the treatments (%)
表2 花后渍水、高温及其复合胁迫对面粉白度的影响 Table 2 Variance analysis for flour whiteness of different wheat cultivars among the treatments
品种 Cultivar
处理 Treatment
2011-2012
2012-2013
亮度L-value
红度值a-value
灰度值b-value
亮度L-value
红度值a-value
灰度值b-value
郑麦366 Zhengmai 366
CK
87.44 a
1.11 a
14.83 b
86.97 a
0.58 d
12.47 c
WL
86.43 ab
1.22 a
15.30 ab
86.36 b
0.71 c
13.22 b
HT
86.23 b
1.30 a
15.43 ab
86.02 c
0.93 b
12.48 c
WL+HT
85.51 b
1.37 a
15.85 a
85.60 d
1.03 a
14.45 a
郑麦004 Zhengmai 004
CK
87.38 a
1.04 c
14.54 b
88.17 a
0.52 d
11.58 a
WL
87.42 a
0.91 c
14.17 b
87.87 a
0.66 c
12.99 a
HT
85.29 b
1.78 a
16.01 a
86.57 b
0.98 a
11.99 a
WL+HT
85.62 b
1.41 b
15.18 ab
86.91 b
0.81 b
13.04 a
F值 F-value
品种C
0.01
0.38
3.60
148.38**
11.32**
11.35**
渍水WL
1.75
2.00
0.16
7.11*
5.30*
33.00**
高温HT
34.77**
48.66**
20.69**
129.54**
230.14**
3.54
品种×渍水C×WL
4.25
9.01*
6.87*
8.13*
10.54*
0.08
品种×高温C×HT
2.98
15.10**
2.79
5.26
0.59
0.74
渍水+高温WL+HT
0.32
1.53
0.43
4.89
16.59**
0.90
品种×渍水+高温C×WL+HT
0.16
1.15
0.34
3.14
13.56**
1.98
同一列数字后不同字母表示处理间差异显著( P<0.05)。* P<0.05水平显著;** P<0.01水平显著( F0.05=5.59, F0.01=12.25)。 Values followed by different letters are significantly different at P<0.05.* Significant at P< 0.05;**significant at P< 0.01 ( F0.05=5.59, F0.01=12.25).
表2 花后渍水、高温及其复合胁迫对面粉白度的影响 Table 2 Variance analysis for flour whiteness of different wheat cultivars among the treatments
4 结论花后WL、HT及WL+HT胁迫均导致小麦粒重的显著下降。单一胁迫下HT对粒重的影响大于WL, 而复合胁迫加重了危害。WL胁迫使两品种蛋白质及其组分含量明显降低, HT胁迫使蛋白质及其组分含量相对增加。WL+HT胁迫两年度均使郑麦004籽粒总蛋白质及其组分含量显著增加; 但对郑麦366来说, 2011—2012年度无显著影响, 2012—2013年度籽粒总蛋白质及其组分含量均显著下降。WL、HT及WL+HT胁迫均导致面粉亮度值下降, 红度值和灰度值显著增加。逆境胁迫下面粉色泽的不利变化与籽粒蛋白质含量和麦谷蛋白含量显著相关。 The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. 作者已声明无竞争性利益关系。The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
MacRitchie F. Wheat proteins: characterization and role in flour functionality. , 1999, 44: 188-193[本文引用:1][JCR: 0.64]
[2]
VeraverbekeW S, DelcourJ A. Wheat protein composition and properties of wheat glutelin in relation to bread making functionality. , 2002, 42: 179-208[本文引用:1][JCR: 4.82]
[3]
石玉, 张永丽, 于振文. 小麦籽粒蛋白质组分含量及其与加工品质的关系. , 2009, 35: 1306-1312ShiY, ZhangY L, YuZ W. Contents of grain protein components and their relationships to processing quality in wheat. , 2009, 35: 1306-1312 (in Chinese with English abstract)[本文引用:1][CJCR: 1.667]
[4]
黄东印, 林作楫. 冬小麦品质性状与面条品质性状关系的初步研究. , 1990, 5(1): 40-45HuangD Y, LinZ J. The relationship between winter wheat quality traits and noodles quality traits. , 1990, 5(1): 40-45 (in Chinese with English abstract)[本文引用:1][CJCR: 0.951]
[5]
刘建军, 何中虎, 赵振东, 宋建民, 刘爱峰. 小麦面条加工品质研究. , 2001, 21(2): 81-84LiuJ J, HeZ H, ZhaoZ D, SongJ M, LiuA F. Review of noodle industrial quality of wheat. , 2001, 21(2): 81-84 (in Chinese with English abstract)[本文引用:1]
[6]
MitraR, BhatiaC R. Bioenergetic cost of heat tolerance in wheat crop. , 2008, 94: 1049-1053[本文引用:1][JCR: 0.905]
[7]
吴进东, 李金才, 魏凤珍, 王成雨, 张一, 武文明. 花后渍水高温交互效应对冬小麦旗叶光合特性及产量的影响. , 2012, 38: 1071-1079WuJ D, LiJ C, WeiF Z, WangC Y, ZhangY, WuW M. Effect of interaction of waterlogging and high temperature after anthesis on photosynthetic characteristics of flag leaf and yield in winter wheat. , 2012, 38: 1071-1079 (in Chinese with English abstract)[本文引用:2][CJCR: 1.667]
[8]
EdwardD, DavidW. The effects of winter waterlogging and summer drought on the growth and yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ). , 2008, 28: 234-244[本文引用:1][JCR: 2.8]
[9]
SharmaP K, SharmaS K, ChoiI Y. Individual and combined effects of waterlogging and alkalinity on yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ) imposed at three critical stages. , 2010, 16: 317-320[本文引用:1][JCR: 25.962]
[10]
杨丽娟, 蒋志凯, 付亮, 盛坤, 张栩, 赵宗斌. 生育中后期高温胁迫对小麦籽粒灌浆与产量的影响. , 2013, 41(3): 999-1000YangL J, JiangZ K, FuL, ShengK, ZhangX, ZhaoZ B. Effects of heat stress on grain filling and yield in semilate period of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ). , 2013, 41(3): 999-1000 (in Chinese with English abstract)[本文引用:1][CJCR: 0.687]
[11]
周续莲, 康建宏, 吴宏亮, 杨金娟, 姚珊. 花后高温对春小麦籽粒淀粉含量及产量的影响研究. , 2012, 31(2): 5-8ZhouX L, KangJ H, WuH L, YangJ J, YaoS. Study on the effect of high temperature after anthesis on starch formation and yield in spring wheat. , 2012, 31(2): 5-8 (in Chinese with English abstract)[本文引用:1][CJCR: 0.445]
[12]
张平平, 何中虎, 夏先春, 王德森, 张勇. 高温胁迫对小麦蛋白质和淀粉品质影响的研究进展. , 2005, 25(5): 129-132ZhangP P, HeZ H, XiaX C, WangD S, ZhangY. Effect of heat stress on wheat protein and starch quality. , 2005, 25(5): 129-132 (in Chinese with English abstract)[本文引用:2]
[13]
马冬云, 郭天财, 王晨阳, 朱云集, 王化岑. 不同麦区小麦品种籽粒淀粉糊化特性分析. , 2004, 19(4): 59-61MaD Y, GuoT C, WangC Y, ZhuY J, WangH C. Investigation on starch pasting properties of winter wheat in different site. , 2004, 19(4): 59-61 (in Chinese with English abstract)[本文引用:1][CJCR: 0.951]
[14]
陈希勇, 赵爱菊, 李亚军, 刘玉萍. 高温胁迫对小麦籽粒品质的影响. , 2007, 11(1): 1-4ChenX Y, ZhaoA J, LiY J, LiuY P. Influence of high temperature stress on seed quality of wheat. , 2007, 11(1): 1-4 (in Chinese with English abstract)[本文引用:1][CJCR: 0.516]
[15]
戴廷波, 赵辉, 荆奇, 姜东, 曹卫星. 灌浆期高温和水分逆境对冬小麦籽粒蛋白质和淀粉含量的影响. , 2006, 26: 3670-3676DaiT B, ZhaoH, JingQ, JiangD, CaoW X. Effects of high temperature and water stress during grain filling on grain protein and starch formation in winter wheat. , 2006, 26: 3670-3676 (in Chinese with English abstract)[本文引用:4]
[16]
赵辉, 荆奇, 戴廷波, 姜东, 曹卫星. 花后高温和水分逆境对小麦籽粒蛋白质形成及其关键酶活性的影响. , 2007, 33: 2021-2027ZhaoH, JingQ, DaiT B, JiangD, CaoW X. Effects of post anthesis high temperature and water stress on activities of key regulatory enzymes involved in protein formation in two wheat cultivars. , 2007, 33: 2021-2027 (in Chinese with English abstract)[本文引用:2][CJCR: 1.667]
[17]
BhullarS S, JennerC F. Effects of temperature on the conversion of sucrose to starch in the developing wheat endosperm. Aust J Plant Physiol, l986, 13: 605-615[本文引用:2]
[18]
赵辉, 戴廷波, 荆奇, 姜东, 曹卫星. 灌浆期温度对两种类型小麦籽粒蛋白质组分及植株氨基酸含量的影响. , 2005, 31: 1466-1472ZhaoH, DaiT B, JingQ, JiangD, CaoW X. Effects of temperature during grain filling on the contents of grain protein components and free amino acid in two different wheat cultivars. , 2005, 31: 1466-1472 (in Chinese with English abstract)[本文引用:2][CJCR: 1.667]
[19]
胡新中, 卢为利, 阮侦区, 罗勤贵, 郑建梅, 欧阳韶晖, 张国权. 影响小麦面粉白度的品质指标分析. , 2007, 40: 1142-1149HuX Z, LuW L, RuanZ Q, LuoQ G, ZhengJ M, Ou-yangS H, ZhangG Q. Analysis of the quality indices affecting wheat flour whiteness. , 2007, 40: 1142-1149 (in Chinese with English abstract)[本文引用:1][CJCR: 1.889]
[20]
苏佩, 蒋纪云, 王春虎. 小麦蛋白质组分的连续提取分离法及提取时间的选择. , 1993, 21(2): 1-4SuP, JiangJ Y, WangC H. The continuous extraction separation and the choice of the time of wheat protein components. , 1993, 21(2): 1-4 (in Chinese)[本文引用:1]
[21]
李永庚, 于振文, 张秀杰, 高雷明. 小麦产量与品质对灌浆不同阶段高温胁迫的响应. , 2005, 29: 461-466LiY G, YuZ W, ZhangX J, GaoL M. Response of yield and quality of wheat to heat stress at different grain filling stages. , 2005, 29: 461-466 (in Chinese with English abstract)[本文引用:2]
[22]
封超年, 郭文善, 施劲松, 彭永欣, 朱新开. 小麦花后高温对籽粒细胞发育及粒重的影响. , 2000, 26: 399-405FengC N, GuoW S, ShiJ S, PengY X, ZhuX K. Effect of high temperature after anthesis on endosperm cell development and grain weight in wheat. , 2000, 26: 399-405 (in Chinese with English abstract)[本文引用:1][CJCR: 1.667]
[23]
胡吉帮, 王晨阳, 郭天财, 苗建利, 朱云集, 贺德先. 灌浆期高温和干旱对小麦灌浆特性的影响. , 2008, 42: 597-608HuJ B, WangC Y, GuoT C, MiaoJ L, ZhuY J, HeD X. Effects of high temperature and drought stress on grain filling characteristics in wheat during grain filling period. J Henan Agric Uni, 2008, 42: 597-608 (in Chinese with English abstract)[本文引用:1]
[24]
姜东, 谢祝捷, 曹卫星, 戴廷波, 荆奇. 花后干旱和渍水对冬小麦光合特性和物质运转的影响. , 2004, 30: 175-182JiangD, XieZ J, CaoW X, DaiT B, JingQ. Effects of post anthesis drought and waterlogging on photosynthetic characteristics, assimilates transportation in winter wheat. , 2004, 30: 175-182 (in Chinese with English abstract)[本文引用:1][CJCR: 1.667]
[25]
范雪梅, 姜东, 戴廷波, 荆奇, 曹卫星. 花后干旱或渍水逆境下氮素对小麦籽粒产量和品质的影响. , 2006, 30: 71-77FanX M, JiangD, DaiT B, JingQ, CaoW X. Effects of nitrogen on grain yield and quality in wheat grown under drought or waterlogging stress from anthesis to maturity. , 2006, 30: 71-77 (in Chinese with English abstract)[本文引用:1]
[26]
李诚永, 蔡剑, 姜东, 戴廷波, 曹卫星. 花前渍水预处理对花后渍水逆境下扬麦9号籽粒产量和品质的影响. , 2011, 31: 1904-1910LiC Y, CaiJ, JiangD, DaiT B, CaoW X. Effects of hardening by pre-anthesis waterlogging on yield and quality of post-anthesis waterlogged wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv Yangmai 9). , 2011, 31: 1904-1910 (in Chinese with English abstract)[本文引用:1]
[27]
PauloM, AlanG S, RobertJ J. Heat stress effects on protein accumulation of maize endosperm. , 2005, 45: 1203-1210[本文引用:1][JCR: 1.513]
[28]
刘建军, 何中虎, 赵振东, 刘爱峰, 宋建民, PenaR J. 小麦品质性状与干白面条品质参数关系的研究. , 2002, 28: 738-742LiuJ J, HeZ H, ZhaoZ D, LiuA F, SongJ M, PenaR J. Investigation on relationship between wheat quality traits and quality parameters of dry white chinese noodles. , 2002, 28: 738-742 (in Chinese with English abstract)[本文引用:1][CJCR: 1.667]
[29]
王霖, 郭新平, 姬广臣, 韩树桂, 孙雷明, 徐祥文. 小麦面粉白度配合力及其与主要品质性状的相关分析. , 2006, 26(1): 62-65WangL, GuoX P, JiG C, HanS G, SunL M, XuX W. Analysis of combining ability of winter wheat flour whiteness and its correlations with quality characteristics. , 2006, 26(1): 62-65 (in Chinese with English abstract)[本文引用:1]
[30]
杨朝柱, 张磊, 司宏起, 马传喜. 小麦面粉白度的研究进展. , 2002, 23(3): 74-77YangC Z, ZhangL, SiH Q, MaC X. Review of wheat flour whiteness. , 2002, 23(3): 74-77 (in Chinese with English abstract)[本文引用:1]