关键词:玉米; 氮素效应; 温度效应; 品种效应; 生育时期 Comprehensive Evaluation Method for Effects of Nitrogen on Summer Maize Varieties at Different Stages WANG Li-Jun, LI Yun, WANG Cun-Kai, TAO Hong-Bin, WANG Pu, LIAO Shu-Hua* College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China Fund: AbstractUnderstanding nitrogen effects at various maize growing stages will benefit to fertilization regime recommendation and thus improve grain yield. Three maize varieties, Xundan 20, Nonghua 101, and Zhongnongda 4, were cultivated with different combinations of plant density and fertilizer levels in the experiment. During the growth period, daily temperature was recorded and leaf, stem, bract, spike-stalk and grain were sampled for the analysis of nitrogen concentration. Considering the three main factors which are genetic characteristics, environment impacts (light and temperature) and population differences affecting nitrogen effect comprehensively, the modified BLUP (Best Linear Unbiased Prediction) method was used to evaluate and analyse the nitrogen effect on different maize varieties and different organs at various growing stages. The results showed that correlation coefficients (r) between simulated daily dry matter accumulation and observed data were ranged from 0.88 to 0.99. Comparing independent sample to test evaluation model, pairedt-test analysis showed no significant difference atP > 0.05. The fitting effect was good in this model. For different growth stages and different maize varieties, there were significant differences for the parameters of nitrogen effect. The fixed effect of nitrogen showed significant difference at various growth stages and in different nitrogen constituents at the same stage. In conclusion, modified BLUP method can be well used to evaluate and analyse characteristics of the nitrogen effect, which can explain the function and influence of nitrogen accumulation on dry matter production at each growth stage of different maize varieties. It can further illustrate the biological law in maize, such as the common characteristics of nitrogen effect, the genetic differences between the varieties and the influence mechanism of sunlight, temperature and population.
Keyword:Maize; Nitrogen effect; Temperature effect; Varieties effect; Growth stage Show Figures Show Figures
表6 温度、日照及群体对氮素效应环境影响参数 Table 6 Environment impact parameters of temperature, sunlight and group structure for nitrogen effects
参数 Parameter
三叶期-拔节期 From three leaves to jointing stage
拔节期-大口期 From jointing to flare opening stage
大口期-吐丝期 From flare opening to silking stage
吐丝期-成熟期 From silking to maturation stage
ETi-1i
ETii
ETi-1i
ETii
ETi-1i
ETii
ETi-1i
ETii
平均温度效应系数 α
-7.10
8.53
3.05
-1.65
4.20
0.68
0.09
-0.71
平均日照时数效应系数 β
9.30
-2.11
-2.67
2.89
-4.79
1.44
0.03
0.82
群体效应弹性系数 A
-0.11
0.06
-0.24
群体效应弹性系数 B
-2.73
ETi-1i: temperature and light effect value of nitrogen accumulation at earlier stage; ETii: temperature and light effect value of nitrogen accumulation at current stage; α: coefficient of average temperature effect; β: coefficient of average sunshine hours effect; A, B: elastic coeffi-cient of group effect. ETi-1i: 前期积累氮素的温、光效应值, ETii: 当期积累氮素的温、光效应值。
表6 温度、日照及群体对氮素效应环境影响参数 Table 6 Environment impact parameters of temperature, sunlight and group structure for nitrogen effects
表7 Table 7 表7(Table 7)
表7 玉米各生育阶段的氮素效应品种影响参数值 Table 7 Varieties parameters for nitrogen effects in different growth stages
品种 Variety
参数 Parameter
三叶期-拔节期 From three leaves to jointing stage
拔节期-大口期 From jointing to flare opening stage
大口期-吐丝期 From flare opening to silking stage
吐丝期-成熟期 From silking to maturation stage
浚单20 Xundan 20
叶片品种效应值 VLi
2.03
0.66
0.07
2.31
非叶器官品种效应值 VSi
2.21
2.57
0.62
2.94
品种校正系数 Pi
0.20
0.85
5.03
3.46
农华101 Nonghua 101
叶片品种效应值 VLi
2.94
0.14
0.01
4.34
非叶器官品种效应值 VSi
2.69
1.53
0.40
2.42
品种校正系数 Pi
0.16
2.81
13.06
2.09
中农大4号 Zhongnongda 4
叶片品种效应值 VLi
0.42
0.13
3.72
非叶器官品种效应值 VSi
1.55
9.66
3.19
品种校正系数 Pi
1.49
0.23
1.98
VLi: variety effect value of leaf; VSi: variety effect value of non-leaf organs; Pi: correlation coefficient of varieties.
表7 玉米各生育阶段的氮素效应品种影响参数值 Table 7 Varieties parameters for nitrogen effects in different growth stages
表8 Table 8 表8(Table 8)
表8 玉米各生育阶段氮素效应共性参数值 Table 8 Generic parameters for nitrogen effects in different growth stages
参数 Parameter
三叶期-拔节期 From three leaves to jointing stage
拔节期-大口期 From jointing to flare opening stage
大口期-吐丝期 From flare opening to silking stage
吐丝期-成熟期 From silking to maturation stage
ELi-1i
4.75
-0.68
0.31
1.60
ELii
2.20
2.07
15.51
0.90
ESi-1i
1.00
3.94
0.97
0.08
ESii
3.65
0.99
1.00
0.11
ELi-1i: fixed effect value of leaf nitrogen accumulation at earlier stage; ELii: fixed effect value of leaf nitrogen accumulation at current stage; ESi-1i: fixed effect value of non-leaf organs nitrogen accumulation at earlier stage; ESii: fixed effect value of non-leaf organs nitrogen accumulation at current stage. ELi-1i: 叶片前期积累氮素的固定效应值, ELii: 叶片当期积累氮素的固定效应值, ESi-1i: 非叶器官前期积累氮素的固定效应值, ESii: 非叶器官当期积累氮素的固定效应值。
表8 玉米各生育阶段氮素效应共性参数值 Table 8 Generic parameters for nitrogen effects in different growth stages
图1 各生育阶段氮素效应下日均干物质积累量理论值与实测值的拟合分析a: 三叶至拔节期; b: 拔节至大口期; c: 大口至吐丝期; d: 吐丝至成熟期Fig. 1 Relationship between simulated and observed values of mean daily dry matter acquisition under the effect of nitrogen in different growth stagesa: from three leaves to jointing stage; b: from jointing to flare opening stage; c: from flare opening to silking stage; d: from silking to maturation stage.
表10 不同玉米品种各生育阶段氮素效应特征 Table 10 Nitrogen effect characteristic in different stages for different varieties of maize
各阶段氮素积累量 Amount of accumulated nitrogen in every stage
FLi-1i (g)
Δ FLii (g)
FSi-1i (g)
Δ FSii (g)
拔节期-大口期 From jointing to flare opening stage
浚单20 Xundan 20
-0.09±0.04 C
0.54±0.16 A
1.06±0.47 B
0.59±0.15 C
农华101 Nonghua 101
-0.02±0.01 A
0.50±0.10 A
0.65±0.17 C
1.51±0.36 A
中农大4号 Zhongnongda 4
-0.05±0.01 B
0.29±0.04 B
1.51±0.16 A
0.92±0.15 B
大口期-吐丝期 From flare opening to silking stage
浚单20 Xundan 20
0.04±0.01 A
1.40±0.87 A
0.63±0.12 A
1.84±0.41 B
农华101 Nonghua 101
0.01±0.00 C
0.44±0.19 B
0.50±0.13 B
2.46±1.28 A
中农大4号 Zhongnongda 4
0.01±0.01 B
0.36±0.09 B
0.48±0.35 B
1.22±0.89 C
吐丝期-成熟期 From silking to maturation stage
浚单20 Xundan 20
2.65±0.52 B
-0.53±0.79 A
0.70±0.15 B
0.22±0.63 A
农华101 Nonghua 101
5.92±3.88 A
-3.45±3.81 B
1.80±0.93 A
-1.61±2.55 B
中农大4号 Zhongnongda 4
3.76±1.12 B
-0.78±0.85 A
0.29±0.08 C
0.11±0.22 A
Within a column, means followed by different uppercase letters are significantly different at 0.01 probability level; FLi-1i: daily effect of leaf nitrogen accumulation at earlier stage; Δ FLii: daily effect of leaf nitrogen accumulation at current stage; FSi-1i: daily effect of non-leaf organs nitrogen accumulation at earlier stage; Δ FSii: daily effect of non-leaf organs nitrogen accumulation at current stage. 同一列中标以不同大写字母的均值在0.01水平上有显著差异, FLi-1i: 单株玉米叶片前期积累氮素的日均效应, Δ FLii: 单株玉米叶片当期积累氮素的日均效应, FSi-1i: 单株玉米非叶器官前期积累氮素的日均效应, Δ FSii: 单株玉米非叶器官当期积累氮素的日均效应。
表10 不同玉米品种各生育阶段氮素效应特征 Table 10 Nitrogen effect characteristic in different stages for different varieties of maize
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