关键词:株高; 夏玉米; 土层深度; 氮素回收率; 15N同位素示踪 Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization of Summer Maize Hybrids with Different Plant Heights FAN Xia, ZHANG Ji-Wang*, REN Bai-Zhao, LI Xia, ZHAO Bin, LIU Peng, DONG Shu-Ting State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology / College of Agriculture, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China Fund: AbstractIn order to explore nitrogen absorption and utilization characteristics of summer maize hybrids with different plant heights, high-stalk hybrid (Ludan 981, LD981), medium-stalk hybrid (Zhengdan 958, ZD958) and short-stalk hybrid (Denghai 661, DH661) were used in field experiment and and pool cultivation experiment15N isotopic dilutions. Results showed that the grain yield and partial factor productivity of fertilizer N (NPFP) at the planting density of 82 500 plants ha-1 increased significantly compared with those at 67 500 plants ha-1. The amounts of nitrogen derived from fertilizer N ranged from 69.3% to 77.3%, N harvest indices of soil and fertilizer N were 54.6% and 57.4%, respectively. The proportion of N accumulation from fertilizer of short-stalk hybrid at 82 500 plants ha-1 decreased significantly compared with those at 67 500 plants ha-1, while the proportion of medium-stalk and high-stalk hybrids was not changed significantly. The fertilizer N harvest index of medium and high-stalk hybrids decreased significantly, while that of short-stalk hybrid increased significantly.15N applied in 5 cm soil made the least contribution to the fertilizer nitrogen accumulation of whole plant,15N application in 40 cm soil made the greatest contribution to the fertilizer nitrogen accumulation of whole plant. With the increase of plant height, the contribution of15N in 40 cm soil to the fertilizer nitrogen accumulation gradually decreased. The N recovery rate (NRR) of high-stalk and medium-stalk hybrids at 40 cm soil layer was higher than that of 5 cm and 20 cm. Contrarily, NRR of short-stalk hybrid at 20 cm higher than those at 40 cm and 5 cm. Therefore, more N uptake of the short-stalk hybrid was from 20-40 cm soil layer, however, more N uptake of high-stalk and medium-stalk hybrids was from 40-60 cm soil layer.
Keyword:Plant height; Summer maize; Soil depth; N recovery rate; 15N isotope Show Figures Show Figures
表2 不同夏玉米品种的株高、穗位高、籽粒产量和氮肥偏生产力 Table 2 Plant height, ear height, grain yield, and N partial factor productivity (NPFP) of different summer maize hybrids
栽条件 Cultivation method
品种 Hybrid
密度 Density (plants hm-2)
施氮量 Nitrogen rate (kg hm-2)
株高 Plant height (cm)
穗位高 Ear height (cm)
籽粒产量 Grain yield (kg hm-2)
氮肥偏生产力 NPFP (kg kg-1)
大田 Field
鲁单981 LD981
67500
0
312.0 a
135.5 a
11177.0 d
—
180
312.4 a
135.1 a
11713.0 bc
65.2 ab
82500
0
310.1 a
130.5 ab
11622.0 bcd
—
180
312.4 a
127.3 b
12271.0 a
68.4 a
郑单958 ZD958
67500
0
251.5 c
113.6 cd
10336.0 e
—
180
260.5 b
117.5 c
11263.0 cd
63.7 b
82500
0
257.4 bc
110.3 d
11621.0 bcd
—
180
256.4 bc
112.7 c
11998.0 ab
70.4 a
登海661 DH661
67500
0
215.2 e
84.8 e
10594.0 e
—
180
221.1 de
86.0 e
11531.0 bcd
65.2 ab
82500
0
221.6 de
83.8 e
10324.0 e
—
180
225.1 d
88.9 e
12295.0 a
68.7 a
池栽 Pool
鲁单981 LD981
67500
0
277.1 a
116.7 bc
10700.6 g
—
180
274.4 a
116.0 bc
12086.7 cd
67.1 b
82500
0
274.2 a
122.7 ab
11957.6 de
—
180
274.9 a
124.8 a
12728.0 a
70.7 a
郑单958 ZD958
67500
0
248.3 b
100.8 d
10132.7 h
—
180
248.1 b
102.1 d
11725.5 e
65.1 bc
82500
0
247.3 b
114.5 c
12323.1 bc
—
180
236.3 c
105.4 d
12816.5 a
71.2 a
登海661 DH661
67500
0
208.6 d
69.6 f
9975.4 h
—
180
208.4 d
71.4 ef
11440.0 f
63.6 c
82500
0
200.4 e
77.9 e
10959.0 b
—
180
205.9 de
71.3 ef
12005.5 d
66.7 b
Values labeled by different letters in each column of for the same cultivation method are significantly different between treatments at 0.05 probability level. 同一列同一栽培方式标以不同字母的值在0.05水平上差异显著。
表2 不同夏玉米品种的株高、穗位高、籽粒产量和氮肥偏生产力 Table 2 Plant height, ear height, grain yield, and N partial factor productivity (NPFP) of different summer maize hybrids
表3 Table 3 表3(Table 3)
表3 品种和种植密度对氮素利用(池栽)相关指标的方差分析( P> F) Table 3 Analysis of variance ( P > F) for effects of hybrid and plant density on indices related to nitrogen utilization (pool cultivation)
指标 Indices
变异来源 Origin of variance
平方和 Sum of squares
自由度 Freedom degree
均方 Equal squares
F值 F-value
显著水平 Significance level
氮肥偏生产力 N partial factor productivity
品种Hybrid(H)
47.3
2
23.6
94.5
0
密度Density(A)
81.9
1
81.9
327.7
0
H×A
7.8
2
3.9
15.5
0
误差Error
3.0
12
0.3
总和Total
81909.6
18
15N回收率 15N recovery rate
品种Hybrid(H)
113.6
2
56.8
227.2
0
密度Density(A)
37.0
1
37.0
147.9
0
H×A
138.1
2
69.1
276.3
0
误差Error
3.0
12
0.25
总和Total
28852.2
18
氮素收获指数 N harvest index
品种Hybrid(H)
4.9
2
2.4
9.7
0
密度Density(A)
0.5
1
0.5
2.0
0.18
H×A
56.8
2
28.4
113.5
0
误差Error
3.0
12
0.3
总和Total
55376.5
18
表3 品种和种植密度对氮素利用(池栽)相关指标的方差分析( P> F) Table 3 Analysis of variance ( P > F) for effects of hybrid and plant density on indices related to nitrogen utilization (pool cultivation)
表4 不同株高夏玉米对不同来源氮素的吸收 Table 4 Nitrogen uptake from different sources in summer maize hybrids with different plant height
品种 Hybrid
密度 Density (plants hm-2)
氮素积累量 Nitrogen accumulation (g plant-1)
肥料氮Nitrogen derived from fertilizer
土壤氮 Nitrogen derived from soil
5 cm
20 cm
40 cm
合计Total
(g plant-1)
(%)
(g plant-1)
(%)
(g plant-1)
(%)
(g plant-1)
(%)
(g plant-1)
(%)
鲁单981 LD981
67500
4.08 a
0.37 e
9.1
0.36 a
8.8
0.27 a
6.5
1.00 c
24.4
3.08 a
75.6
82500
3.75 ab
0.39 d
10.3
0.31 c
8.3
0.23 c
6.2
0.93 d
24.8
2.82 b
75.2
郑单958 ZD958
67500
3.37 bc
0.49 b
14.6
0.29 d
8.7
0.25 a
7.4
1.04 ab
30.7
2.34 f
69.3
82500
3.43 bc
0.47 c
13.8
0.31 c
9.1
0.24 b
6.9
1.02 bc
29.8
2.41 e
70.2
登海661 DH661
67500
3.63 bc
0.53 a
14.7
0.32 b
8.8
0.19 d
5.3
1.04 a
28.8
2.59 c
71.2
82500
3.29 c
0.37 d
11.1
0.26 e
7.9
0.12 e
3.7
0.75 e
22.7
2.54 d
77.3
Values labeled by different letters in each column are significantly different between treatments at 0.05 probability level. 同一列标以不同字母的值表示在0.05水平上差异显著。
表4 不同株高夏玉米对不同来源氮素的吸收 Table 4 Nitrogen uptake from different sources in summer maize hybrids with different plant height
表5 Table 5 表5(Table 5)
表5 种植密度对不同株高夏玉米群体氮素积累的影响 Table 5 Effects of plant density on N accumulation of summer maize hybrids with different plant heights
品种 Hybrid
密度 Density (plants hm-2)
总氮 Total nitrogen (kg hm-2)
肥料氮 Nitrogen derived from fertilizer (kg hm-2)
土壤氮 Nitrogen derived from soil (kg hm-2)
15N氮回收率 15N recovery rate (%)
肥料氮比例 N proportion derived from fertilizer (%)
鲁单981 LD981
67500
275.2 b
67.2 b
208.0 b
37.3 b
24.4 a
82500
309.3 a
76.7 a
232.6 a
42.6 a
24.8 a
郑单958 ZD958
67500
227.8 b
69.9 b
157.9 b
38.8 b
30.7 a
82500
283.4 a
84.5 a
198.9 a
46.9 a
29.8 a
登海661 DH661
67500
245.0 b
70.5 a
174.5 b
39.1 a
28.8 a
82500
271.1 a
61.7 b
209.4 a
34.3 b
22.7 b
Values labeled by different letters in each column are significantly different between treatments at 0.05 probability level. 同一列标以不同字母的值表示在0.05水平上差异显著。
表5 种植密度对不同株高夏玉米群体氮素积累的影响 Table 5 Effects of plant density on N accumulation of summer maize hybrids with different plant heights
表6 种植密度对不同株高夏玉米氮素收获指数的影响 Table 6 Effects of plant density on the nitrogen harvest index of summer maize hybrids with different plant heights
品种 Hybrid
密度 Density (plants hm-2)
氮素收获指数 Nitrogen harvest index (%)
总氮 Total nitrogen
肥料氮 Nitrogen derived from fertilizer
土壤氮 Nitrogen derived from soil
鲁单981 LD981
67500
55.1 c
59.6 b
53.6 cd
82500
53.1 d
53.7 e
52.9 d
郑单958 ZD958
67500
58.4 a
64.0 a
56.0 a
82500
56.1 b
58.7 c
55.0 ab
登海661 DH661
67500
53.3 d
51.5 f
54.1 c
82500
56.6 b
57.7 d
56.3 a
Values labeled by different letters in each column are significantly different between treatments at 0.05 probability level. 同一列标以不同字母的值表示在0.05水平上差异显著。
表6 种植密度对不同株高夏玉米氮素收获指数的影响 Table 6 Effects of plant density on the nitrogen harvest index of summer maize hybrids with different plant heights
表7 种植密度和施氮深度对夏玉米不同器官肥料氮贡献率影响的方差分析( P > F) Table 7 Analysis of variance ( P > F) for the effects of plant density and nitrogen depth on the contribution to fertilizer nitrogen indifferent organs
品种 Hybrid
变异来源 Source of variance
全株 Whole plant
叶片 Leaf
茎秆 Stalk
根系 Root
籽粒 Grain
穗轴 Cob
鲁单981 LD981
种植密度Plant density (A)
0.546
0.549
0.551
0.558
0.551
0.577
施氮深度Nitrogen depth (B)
0
0.019
0.003
0
0
0.012
A×B
0.052
0.002
0.002
0
0.305
0.702
郑单958 ZD958
种植密度Plant density (A)
0.552
0.539
0.625
0.750
0.555
0.594
施氮深度Nitrogen depth (B)
0
0
0
0
0.001
0
A×B
0.200
0.015
0.045
0.580
0.452
0.242
登海661 DH661
种植密度Plant density (A)
0.955
0.893
0.985
0.860
0.980
0.898
施氮深度Nitrogen depth (B)
0
0
0
0
0
0
A×B
0.003
0
0
0
0.009
0.024
表7 种植密度和施氮深度对夏玉米不同器官肥料氮贡献率影响的方差分析( P > F) Table 7 Analysis of variance ( P > F) for the effects of plant density and nitrogen depth on the contribution to fertilizer nitrogen indifferent organs
表8 Table 8 表8(Table 8)
表8 不同土壤深度氮对不同夏玉米肥料氮积累量的贡献和15N回收率 Table 8 Contribution of fertilizer nitrogen from different soil depths and15N recovery in different summer maize hybrids
品种 Hybrid
密度 Density (plants hm-2)
不同土壤深度施氮对植株肥料氮积累量的贡献 Contributions of fertilizer nitrogen to whole plant (%)
15N回收率 15N recovery (%)
5 cm
20 cm
40 cm
5 cm
20 cm
40 cm
鲁单981 LD981
67500
35.9 a
37.5 a
26.7 b
26.81 c
46.54 b
49.85 a
82500
42.1 a
33.8 a
24.2 b
36.04 c
48.22 b
51.91 a
郑单958 ZD958
67500
47.3 a
26.9 b
25.9 b
36.39 b
34.46 b
49.84 a
82500
45.0 a
30.6 b
24.5 b
41.94 c
47.54 b
57.41 a
登海661 DH661
67500
49.4 a
33.6 b
17.2 c
38.66 b
43.81 a
33.56 c
82500
51.4 a
34.2 b
14.5 c
36.04 b
39.88 a
25.49 c
Values labeled by different letters in each column are significantly different between treatments at 0.05 probability level. 同一列标以不同字母的值表示在0.05水平上差异显著。
表8 不同土壤深度氮对不同夏玉米肥料氮积累量的贡献和15N回收率 Table 8 Contribution of fertilizer nitrogen from different soil depths and15N recovery in different summer maize hybrids
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