关键词:超级粳稻; 遮光; 氮肥; 产量; 养分吸收 Effects of Light, Nitrogen and Their Interaction on Grain Yield and Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Absorption inJaponica Super Rice WANG Ya-Jiang, WEI Hai-Yan*, YAN Xi-Ting, GE Meng-Jie, MENG Tian-Yao, ZHANG Hong-Cheng, DAI Qi-Gen, HUO Zhong-Yang, XU Ke, FEI Xin-Ru Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province / Agricultural College of Yangzhou University / Innovation Center of Rice Cultivation Technology in Yangtze Rive Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou 225009, China Fund: AbstractA field experiment was conducted usingjaponica super rice Nanjing 44 and Ningjing 3 with two nitrogen fertilization levels (N10: 150 kg ha-1; N20: 300 kg ha-1) and three shading treatments (L1: no shading; L2: shading 20 days before heading; L3: shading 20 days after heading) to study the effects of light, nitrogen and their interaction on grain yield and NPK absorption. Results showed that yield under the same level of nitrogen fertilizer was L1>L3>L2. Compared with L1, L2 significantly reduced NPK accumulation from jointing to heading and at whole heading stage, mainly due to the significant decrease of the root oxidation ability of α-NA and root dry weight before heading, resulting in decreased root nutrient uptake capacity and the final yield decrease of 30.58%-35.26%. L3 significantly reduced NPK accumulation from heading to maturity and at whole maturity stage, mainly due to the significant decrease of the root oxidation ability of α-NA and root dry weight after heading. Although the root was gradual aging with the function declining after heading, resulting in the reduced effect on root system, nutrient absorption and yield in L3 than in L2, the final yield was still 10.91%-18.47% lower in L3 than in L1. Under L2 and L3 conditions, with increasing nitrogen level, the root oxidation ability of α-NA and root dry weight increased significantly, resulting in that NPK accumulation increased significantly in various stages from jointing to maturity, then the final yield and nitrogen use efficiency improved significantly. This indicated that nitrogen fertilizer could partially offset the impact of low light stress on NPK nutrient absorption and grain yield injaponica super rice.
Keyword:Japonica super rice; Shading; Nitrogen; Yield; Nutrient uptake Show Figures Show Figures
表1 光、氮及其互作对超级粳稻氮素阶段积累量及比例的影响 Table 1 Effects of light, nitrogen and their interaction on periodical nitrogen accumulation and its ratio in super rice
品种 Cultivar
氮肥水平 Nitrogen level
光处理 Light treatment
拔节前 SO-EG
拔节至抽穗 EG-HD
抽穗至成熟 HD-MA
N积累量 Nitrogen accumulation (kg hm-2)
比例 Ratio(%)
N积累量 Nitrogen accumulation (kg hm-2)
比例 Ratio(%)
N积累量 Nitrogen accumulation (kg hm-2)
比例 Ratio(%)
南粳44 Nanjing 44
N10
L1
48.73 Bb
34.49 Dd
64.34 Cc
45.53 Cc
28.23 Cc
19.98 Aa
L2
48.43 Bb
39.55 Aa
50.13 Dd
40.94 Dd
23.89 Dd
19.51 Aa
L3
48.36 Bb
37.15 Bb
65.15 Cc
50.04 Bb
16.68 Ff
12.81 Cc
N20
L1
66.32 Aa
32.57 Ee
101.75 Aa
49.97 Bb
35.55 Aa
17.46 Bb
L2
66.61 Aa
36.84 Bb
82.86 Bb
45.83 Cc
31.35 Bb
17.34 Bb
L3
66.98 Aa
35.29 Cc
101.51 Aa
53.48 Aa
21.31 Ee
11.23 Dd
F值 F-value
Nitrogen (N)
503.11**
440.15**
6137.75**
626.29**
621.69**
347.96**
Light (L)
0.01
687.58**
603.26**
808.62**
854.46**
1522.38**
N × L
0.14
7.05*
9.79*
6.35*
12.59*
5.99*
宁粳3号 Ningjing 3
N10
L1
51.41 Bb
33.02 Dd
72.91 Cc
46.82 Cd
31.40 Cc
20.17 Aa
L2
51.42 Bb
37.76 Aa
57.38 Dd
42.14 Df
27.36 Dd
20.11 Aa
L3
51.94 Bb
35.64 BCc
73.67 Cc
50.54 Bb
20.15 Ff
13.82 Cc
N20
L1
71.47 Aa
32.99 Dd
106.62 Aa
49.21 Bc
38.58 Aa
17.80 Bb
L2
71.41 Aa
36.53 Bb
89.39 Bb
45.73 Ce
34.68 Bb
17.74 Bb
L3
71.94 Aa
35.13 Cc
107.08 Aa
52.29 Aa
25.77 Ee
12.58 Dd
F值 F-value
Nitrogen (N)
550.87**
23.79**
29263.49**
179.27**
974.93**
181.38**
Light (L)
0.16
393.34**
3317.82**
504.98**
1085.91**
673.69**
N × L
0.01
8.31*
7.41*
7.85*
6.43*
6.44*
同一品种的相同数据列, 标以不同大小写字母的数值分别在1%和5%水平差异显著。N10: 150 kg hm-2纯氮; N20: 300 kg hm-2纯氮; L1: 不遮光; L2: 抽穗前遮光20 d; L3: 抽穗后遮光20 d。*和**分别表示在5%和1%水平上差异显著。 Values within the same column for a cultivar followed by different letters are significantly different at 1% (capital) and 5% (lowercase) probability levels, respectively. N10: 150 kg hm-2 N applied; N20: 300 kg hm-2 N applied; L1: no shading; L2: shading 20 days before heading; L3: shading 20 days after heading. SO: sowing; EG: elongation; HD: heading; MA: maturing.* and** denote significant difference at 5% and 1% probability levels, respectively.
表1 光、氮及其互作对超级粳稻氮素阶段积累量及比例的影响 Table 1 Effects of light, nitrogen and their interaction on periodical nitrogen accumulation and its ratio in super rice
图2 光、氮及其互作下超级粳稻的氮素籽粒生产效率及氮肥利用率Fig. 2 Nitrogen grain production efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency of super rice under effects of light, nitrogen and their interaction
表2 光、氮及其互作对超级粳稻磷素阶段积累量及比例的影响 Table 2 Effects of light, nitrogen and their interaction on periodical phosphorus accumulation and its ratio in super rice
品种 Cultivar
氮肥水平 Nitrogen level
光处理 Light treatment
拔节前 SO-EG
拔节至抽穗 EG-HD
抽穗至成熟 HD-MA
P积累量 Phosphorus accumulation (kg hm-2)
比例 Ratio(%)
P积累量 Phosphorusaccumulation (kg hm-2)
比例 Ratio(%)
P积累量 Phosphorus accumulation (kg hm-2)
比例 Ratio(%)
南粳44 Nanjing 44
N10
L1
12.75 Bb
23.93 CDcd
25.18 Cc
47.27 Dd
15.34 Cc
28.80 Aa
L2
12.75 Bb
27.07 Aa
20.93 Dd
44.44 Ee
13.42 De
28.49 Aa
L3
13.05 Bb
25.89 Bb
25.97 Cc
51.51 Bb
11.40 Ef
22.60 Cc
N20
L1
18.24 Aa
23.40 Dd
40.09 Aa
51.43 Bb
19.62 Aa
25.17 Bb
L2
18.13 Aa
26.35 ABb
33.51 Bb
48.68 Cc
17.19 Bb
24.97 Bb
L3
17.89 Aa
24.35 Cc
40.62 Aa
55.29 Aa
14.96 Cd
20.37 Dd
F值 F-value
Nitrogen (N)
133.55**
60.21**
3507.50**
5619.88**
2292.27**
356.35**
Light (L)
0.01
215.30**
263.93**
5377.13**
943.36**
468.41**
N × L
0.20
6.69*
9.75*
6.86*
6.99*
7.36*
宁粳3号 Ningjing 3
N10
L1
13.03 Bb
22.28 De
28.61 Cc
48.91 Cd
16.85 Cc
28.81 Aa
L2
13.20 Bb
26.01 Ab
22.97 Dd
45.29 De
14.56 Ee
28.70 Aa
L3
12.83 Bb
23.33 Cd
29.63 Cc
53.85 Bb
12.55 Ff
22.82 Cc
N20
L1
19.14 Aa
23.09 Cd
43.42 Aa
52.39 Bc
20.32 Aa
24.52 Bb
L2
19.47 Aa
26.44 Aa
36.39 Bb
49.40 Cd
17.79 Bb
24.16 Bb
L3
19.42 Aa
24.50 Bc
44.07 Aa
55.60 Aa
15.78 Dd
19.90 Dd
F值 F-value
Nitrogen (N)
194.73**
88.73**
6995.17**
179.05**
10611.45**
440.67**
Light (L)
0.12
592.17**
708.01**
336.58**
6324.49**
344.10**
N × L
0.10
6.28*
6.04*
9.19*
6.20*
7.28*
同一品种的相同数据列, 标以不同大小写字母的数值分别在1%和5%水平差异显著。N10: 150 kg hm-2纯氮; N20: 300 kg hm-2纯氮; L1: 不遮光; L2: 抽穗前遮光20 d; L3: 抽穗后遮光20 d。*和**分别表示在5%和1%水平上差异显著。 Values within the same column for a cultivar followed by different letters are significantly different at 1% (capital) and 5% (lowercase) probability levels, respectively. N10: 150 kg hm-2 N applied; N20: 300 kg hm-2 N applied; L1: no shading; L2: shading 20 days before heading; L3: shading 20 days after heading. SO: sowing; EG: elongation; HD: heading; MA: maturing.* and** denote significant difference at 5% and 1% probability levels, respectively.
表2 光、氮及其互作对超级粳稻磷素阶段积累量及比例的影响 Table 2 Effects of light, nitrogen and their interaction on periodical phosphorus accumulation and its ratio in super rice
表3 光、氮及其互作对超级粳稻钾素阶段积累量及比例的影响 Table 3 Effects of light, nitrogen and their interaction on periodical potassium accumulation and its ratio in super rice
品种 Cultivar
氮肥水平 Nitrogen level
光处理 Light treatment
拔节前 SO-EG
拔节至抽穗 EG-HD
抽穗至成熟 HD-MA
K积累量 Potassium accumulation (kg hm-2)
比例 Ratio(%)
K积累量 Potassiumaccumulation (kg hm-2)
比例 Ratio(%)
K积累量 Potassium accumulation (kg hm-2)
比例 Ratio(%)
南粳44 Nanjing 44
N10
L1
100.13 Bb
47.05 Cc
103.32 Cc
48.55 De
9.35 Cc
4.40 Aa
L2
100.82 Bb
51.07 Aa
88.29 Dd
44.73 Ef
8.30 Dd
4.20 Aa
L3
101.01 Bb
48.53 Bb
104.22 Cc
50.08 Cc
2.88 Ff
1.39 Cc
N20
L1
145.50 Aa
43.82 Ee
174.77 Aa
52.63 Bb
11.79 Aa
3.55 Bb
L2
145.48 Aa
47.17 Cc
152.74 Bb
49.52 Cd
10.23 Bb
3.32 Bb
L3
144.40 Aa
44.84 Dd
174.33 Aa
54.02 Aa
4.01 Ee
1.14 Cc
F值 F-value
Nitrogen (N)
2472.61**
2514.77**
7696.90**
1873.39**
415.84**
66.67**
Light (L)
0.09
905.23**
252.22**
876.63**
2386.05**
463.10**
N × L
0.41
7.57*
7.51*
7.11*
18.34**
6.44*
宁粳3号 Ningjing 3
N10
L1
112.71 Bb
45.28 BCc
126.05 Cc
50.64 Cc
10.18 Cc
4.09 Aa
L2
112.83 Bb
50.63 Aa
101.30 Dd
45.45 Dd
8.74 Dd
3.92 Aa
L3
112.83 Bb
46.43 Bb
127.06 Cc
52.28 Bb
3.14 Ff
1.29 Cc
N20
L1
158.68 Aa
43.51 Dd
192.85 Aa
52.88 ABb
13.14 Aa
3.60 Bb
L2
158.85 Aa
46.83 Bb
168.78 Bb
49.76 Cc
11.54 Bb
3.40 Bb
L3
158.11 Aa
44.58 CDc
192.80 Aa
54.31 Aa
4.12 Ee
1.11 Cc
F值 F-value
Nitrogen (N)
2899.39**
132.60**
100580.90**
151.10**
344.89**
80.36**
Light (L)
0.06
146.56**
6112.04**
213.45**
1657.67**
1484.78**
N × L
0.08
9.55*
5.80*
9.78*
27.55**
6.03*
同一品种的相同数据列, 标以不同大小写字母的数值分别在1%和5%水平差异显著。N10: 150 kg hm-2纯氮; N20: 300 kg hm-2纯氮; L1: 不遮光; L2: 抽穗前遮光20 d; L3: 抽穗后遮光20 d。*和**分别表示在5%和1%水平上差异显著。 Values within the same column for a cultivar followed by different letters are significantly different at 1% (capital) and 5% (lowercase) probability levels, respectively. N10: 150 kg hm-2 N applied; N20: 300 kg hm-2 N applied; L1: no shading; L2: shading 20 days before heading; L3: shading 20 days after heading. SO: sowing; EG: elongation; HD: heading; MA: maturing.* and** denote significant difference at 5% and 1% probability levels, respectively.
表3 光、氮及其互作对超级粳稻钾素阶段积累量及比例的影响 Table 3 Effects of light, nitrogen and their interaction on periodical potassium accumulation and its ratio in super rice
表4 光、氮及其互作对超级粳稻根系α-NA氧化量的影响 Table 4 Effects of light, nitrogen and their interaction on root oxidation ability of α-NA of super rice (µg h-1 g-1)
品种 Cultivar
氮肥水平 Nitrogen level
光处理 Light treatment
拔节 Elongation
抽穗前10 d Ten days before heading
抽穗 Heading
抽穗后10 d Ten days after heading
成熟 Maturing
南粳44 Nanjing 44
N10
L1
85.12 Bb
57.36 Cc
48.48 Dd
35.96 Dd
12.22 Ee
L2
85.09 Bb
51.15 Dd
55.28 Cc
42.51 Cc
17.12 Cc
L3
85.14 Bb
57.42 Cc
48.52 Dd
30.25 Ee
15.44 Dd
N20
L1
104.18 Aa
74.66 Aa
65.24 Bb
50.22 Bb
16.24 CDd
L2
104.16 Aa
65.86 Bb
73.32 Aa
58.17 Aa
23.12 Aa
L3
104.16 Aa
74.72 Aa
65.34 Bb
41.06 Cc
20.07 Bb
F值 F-value
Nitrogen (N)
3701.06**
2755.38**
10792.60**
1275.23**
615.02**
Light (L)
0.01
257.37**
888.44**
497.34**
302.10**
N × L
0.01
7.60*
6.34*
14.37**
8.84*
宁粳3号 Ningjing 3
N10
L1
87.97 Bb
59.55 Cc
50.75 Dd
38.54 Dd
14.01 Ee
L2
87.99 Bb
53.05 Dd
57.28 Cc
45.02 Cc
19.08 Cc
L3
88.01 Bb
59.61 Cc
50.79 Dd
32.56 Ee
17.18 Dd
N20
L1
108.25 Aa
76.59 Aa
67.58 Bb
53.81 Bb
18.55 Cc
L2
108.23 Aa
67.76 Bb
75.39 Aa
61.51 Aa
25.14 Aa
L3
108.24 Aa
76.84 Aa
67.46 Bb
44.48 Cc
22.25 Bb
F值 F-value
Nitrogen (N)
4182.20**
2938.80**
12009.82**
1883.53**
1177.36**
Light (L)
0.01
293.82**
949.07**
644.21**
494.10**
N × L
0.01
7.24*
7.27*
16.58**
8.56*
同一品种的相同数据列, 标以不同大小写字母的数值分别在1%和5%水平差异显著。N10: 150 kg hm-2纯氮; N20: 300 kg hm-2纯氮; L1: 不遮光; L2: 抽穗前遮光20 d; L3: 抽穗后遮光20 d。*和**分别表示在5%和1%水平上差异显著。 Values within the same column for a cultivar followed by different letters are significantly different at 1% (capital) and 5% (lowercase) probability levels, respectively. N10: 150 kg hm-2 N applied; N20: 300 kg hm-2 N applied; L1: no shading; L2: shading 20 days before heading; L3: shading 20 days after heading.* and** denote significant difference at 5% and 1% probability levels, respectively.
表4 光、氮及其互作对超级粳稻根系α-NA氧化量的影响 Table 4 Effects of light, nitrogen and their interaction on root oxidation ability of α-NA of super rice (µg h-1 g-1)
表5 光、氮及其互作对超级粳稻根干重的影响 Table 5 Effects of light, nitrogen and their interaction on root dry weight of super rice (t hm-2)
品种 Cultivar
氮肥水平 Nitrogen level
光处理 Light treatment
拔节 Elongation
抽穗 Heading
成熟 Maturing
南粳44 Nanjing 44
N10
L1
0.707 Bb
1.027 Cc
0.889 Dd
L2
0.711 Bb
0.970 Dd
0.806 Ff
L3
0.709 Bb
1.035 Cc
0.837 Ee
N20
L1
0.789 Aa
1.296 Aa
1.003 Aa
L2
0.785 Aa
1.234 Bb
0.954 Cc
L3
0.786 Aa
1.290 Aa
0.980 Bb
F值 F-value
Nitrogen (N)
202.27**
12223.53**
2356.72**
Light (L)
0.32
339.54**
188.93**
N × L
0.32
6.03*
14.53**
宁粳3号 Ningjing 3
N10
L1
0.787 Bb
1.208 Cc
0.980 Dd
L2
0.792 Bb
1.117 Dd
0.857 Ff
L3
0.789 Bb
1.217 Cc
0.941 Ee
N20
L1
0.909 Aa
1.466 Aa
1.116 Aa
L2
0.906 Aa
1.408 Bb
1.070 Cc
L3
0.906 Aa
1.471 Aa
1.098 Bb
F值 F-value
Nitrogen (N)
412.77**
4252.78**
1788.00**
Light (L)
0.34
160.15**
154.87**
N × L
0.34
8.64*
33.19**
同一品种的相同数据列, 标以不同大小写字母的数值分别在1%和5%水平差异显著。N10: 150 kg hm-2纯氮; N20: 300 kg hm-2纯氮; L1: 不遮光; L2: 抽穗前遮光20 d; L3: 抽穗后遮光20 d。*和**分别表示在5%和1%水平上差异显著。 Values within the same column for a cultivar followed by different letters are significantly different at 1% (capital) and 5% (lowercase) probability levels, respectively. N10: 150 kg hm-2 N applied; N20: 300 kg hm-2 N applied; L1: no shading; L2: shading 20 days before heading; L3: shading 20 days after heading.* and** denote significant difference at 5% and 1% probability levels, respectively.
表5 光、氮及其互作对超级粳稻根干重的影响 Table 5 Effects of light, nitrogen and their interaction on root dry weight of super rice (t hm-2)
表6 光、氮及其互作对超级粳稻根冠比的影响 Table 6 Effects of light, nitrogen and their interaction on ratio of root to shoot of super rice
品种 Cultivar
氮肥水平 Nitrogen level
光处理 Light treatment
拔节 Elongation
抽穗 Heading
成熟 Maturing
南粳44 Nanjing44
N10
L1
0.2171 Aa
0.1236 Bb
0.0596 Cc
L2
0.2165 Aa
0.1343 Aa
0.0638 Aa
L3
0.2167 Aa
0.1227 BCb
0.0621 Bb
N20
L1
0.1881 Bb
0.1021 Dd
0.0474 Ff
L2
0.1894 Bb
0.1163 Cc
0.0532 Dd
L3
0.1896 Bb
0.1038 Dd
0.0513 Ee
F值 F-value
Nitrogen (N)
189.77**
2270.66**
3367.26**
Light (L)
0.03
399.94**
229.55**
N × L
0.09
6.59*
6.81*
宁粳3号 Ningjing 3
N10
L1
0.2259 Aa
0.1271 Bb
0.0602 Cc
L2
0.2258 Aa
0.1448 Aa
0.0648 Aa
L3
0.2245 Aa
0.1251 Bb
0.0621 Bb
N20
L1
0.1918 Bb
0.1121 Cc
0.0516 Ff
L2
0.1919 Bb
0.1249 Bb
0.0573 Dd
L3
0.1920 Bb
0.1113 Cc
0.0547 Ee
F值 F-value
Nitrogen (N)
243.26**
585.22**
2656.70**
Light (L)
0.03
250.49**
382.90**
N × L
0.05
7.51*
6.38*
同一品种的相同数据列, 标以不同大小写字母的数值分别在1%和5%水平差异显著。N10: 150 kg hm-2纯氮; N20: 300 kg hm-2纯氮; L1: 不遮光; L2: 抽穗前遮光20 d; L3: 抽穗后遮光20 d。*和**分别表示在5%和1%水平上差异显著。 Values within the same column for a cultivar followed by different letters are significantly different at 1% (capital) and 5% (lowercase) probability levels, respectively. N10: 150 kg hm-2 N applied; N20: 300 kg hm-2 N applied; L1: no shading; L2: shading 20 days before heading; L3: shading 20 days after heading.* and** denote significant difference at 5% and 1% probability levels, respectively.
表6 光、氮及其互作对超级粳稻根冠比的影响 Table 6 Effects of light, nitrogen and their interaction on ratio of root to shoot of super rice
表7 超级粳稻氮、磷、钾积累量、根系形态生理指标与产量的相关系数 Table 7 Correlation coefficients of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium accumulation, root characteristics with yield of super rice
拔节 EG
抽穗前10 d Ten days before HD
抽穗 HD
抽穗后10 d Ten days after HD
成熟 MA
氮素积累量 Nitrogen accumulation
0.812**
—
0.914**
—
0.937**
磷素积累量 Phosphorus accumulation
0.798**
—
0.906**
—
0.938**
钾素积累量 Potassium accumulation
0.811**
—
0.884**
—
0.891**
根系干重 Root dry weight
0.666*
—
0.837**
—
0.881**
根冠比 Ratio of root to shoot
-0.755**
—
-0.827**
—
-0.900**
根系α-NA氧化量 Root oxidation ability of α-NA
0.798**
0.938**
0.591*
0.470
0.215
*和**表示在5%和1%水平上差异显著。“—”表示未计算。 EG: elongation; HD: heading; MA: maturing.* and** denote significant difference at 5% and 1% probability levels, respectively. “—” represents without calculation.
表7 超级粳稻氮、磷、钾积累量、根系形态生理指标与产量的相关系数 Table 7 Correlation coefficients of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium accumulation, root characteristics with yield of super rice
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, 魏海燕
表1 光、氮及其互作对超级粳稻氮素阶段积累量及比例的影响 Table 1 Effects of light, nitrogen and their interaction on periodical nitrogen accumulation and its ratio in super rice
