许宜平1,2,,,
张慧2,
王子健2
1. 中国科学院生态环境研究中心, 中国科学院饮用水科学与技术重点实验室, 北京 100085;
2. 中国科学院生态环境研究中心, 环境水质学国家重点实验室, 北京 100085;
3. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
作者简介: 谢锐莉(1996-),女,硕士研究生,研究方向为水生态毒理学,E-mail:xieruili18@mails.ucas.ac.cn.
通讯作者: 许宜平,ypxu@rcees.ac.cn ;
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金面上项目（41571469，41977350）；国家自然科学基金重点项目（21437006）中图分类号: X171.5
A Review of Population Level Ecological Risk Assessment Methods
Xie Ruili1,2,3,Xu Yiping1,2,,,
Zhang Hui2,
Wang Zijian2
1. Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China;
3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Corresponding author: Xu Yiping,ypxu@rcees.ac.cn ;
CLC number: X171.5
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摘要:生态风险评估的核心目标是保护种群、群落和生态系统免受人类活动的胁迫。生物个体水平的生态风险评估由于缺乏生态系统的关联性并不能准确评估胁迫因子的生态学响应，而种群水平的生态风险评估方法逐渐成为研究热点。笔者综述了种群水平生态风险评估的发展历程，介绍了以种群为生态风险评估受体的直接评估和外推技术方法、模型原理及其特点，指出种群水平生态风险评估正在从传统野外调查型评估走向种群动态模拟的发展趋势，希望能为我国化学品环境风险管控提供信息和借鉴。
关键词: 种群生态风险/
种群动态模拟/
生态风险模型/
有害生态结局路径
Abstract:The primary target of ecological risk assessment is to protect populations, communities, and ecosystems from anthropogenic stress. Presently, majority of ecological risk assessments (ERAs) of chemicals conducted have concentrated narrowly on toxic effects in individual organisms, which cannot accurately assess the ecological response of stressors due to the lack of ecological reality. Efforts are currently underway to develop and apply innovative methods to conduct population level risk assessment (PERA). This article briefly examines the historical development of PERA and discusses principles and characteristics of current approaches. A comparison of direct assessment methods based on population attributes and individual-based extrapolation methods for PERA is presented, and further trends from traditional field investigation moving towards comprehensive dynamic simulation at population levels are discussed. We hope this review to provide necessary information and reference on chemical environmental risk management with this review. This review presents the challenges and opportunities of PERA for improving ecological relevant and reliable chemical risk assessment.
Key words:population level ecological risk/
population dynamic simulation/
ecological risk model/
ecological adverse outcome pathway (eAOP).
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