叶茂1,,,
孙明明3,
黄丹1,2,
张胜田4,
胡锋3,
蒋新1
1. 中国科学院南京土壤研究所, 中国科学院土壤环境与污染修复重点实验室, 南京 210008;
2. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049;
3. 南京农业大学, 资源与环境科学学院土壤生态实验室, 南京 210095;
4. 生态环境部南京环境科学研究所, 土壤污染防治研究中心, 南京 210042
作者简介: 张忠云(1994-),女,博士研究生,研究方向为环境分子毒理学,E-mail:zyzhang@issas.ac.cn.
通讯作者: 叶茂,yemao@issas.ac.cn ;
基金项目: 国家重点研发计划资助项目（2018FYC1803100）；国家青年人才托举项目（2018QNRC001）；国家自然科学基金面上项目（41771350）；江苏省优秀青年基金资助项目（BK20180110）中图分类号: X171.5
Review of Extracellular and Intracellular DNA Environmental Behavior and Ecological Function
Zhang Zhongyun1,2,Ye Mao1,,,
Sun Mingming3,
Huang Dan1,2,
Zhang Shengtian4,
Hu Feng3,
Jiang Xin1
1. CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China;
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
3. Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
4. Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Research Center for Soil Pollution Prevention and Control, Nanjing 210042, China
Corresponding author: Ye Mao,yemao@issas.ac.cn ;
CLC number: X171.5
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摘要:胞外DNA（extracellular DNA，extDNA）和胞内DNA（intracellular DNA，intDNA）广泛存在于陆生和水生生态环境系统中，密切参与环境-微生物和微生物种间的吸附、降解和自然转化等过程，在物质循环和基因信息传递中发挥重要的生态学作用。胞外DNA在环境中不易受核酸酶攻击，相对稳定，可作为历史微生物基因库，与胞内DNA都可反映功能基因丰度及其对应微生物活性；同时，胞外DNA是细胞生物膜中的重要组分，在微生物细胞抵御抗生素、重金属和农药等外来污染物胁迫中发挥了重要作用。本文从ext/intDNA环境行为、extDNA在生物膜中的环境作用、物质信息传递和ext/intDNA生态学功能等角度，综述了环境ext/intDNA的行为归趋及生态功能研究进展，提出了现阶段研究不足，并对未来研究方向进行了展望。本综述可为深入理解环境ext/intDNA的生态功能作用机制提供新的科学认知。
关键词: 胞外DNA/
胞内DNA/
功能基因/
宏基因组学/
生态功能
Abstract:Extracellular DNA (extDNA) and intracellular DNA (intDNA) extensively exist in both terrestrial and aquatic environment systems, and have been found to play a significant role in the nutrient cycling and genetic information transmission between the environment and microorganisms. As inert DNA sequences, extDNA is able to present stably in the environment from the ribosome enzyme lysis, therein act as the historian genetic information archive of the microorganisms. As a consequence, both extDNA and intDNA can shed light on the functional gene variety and the corresponding microbial activity. In addition, extDNA is a ubiquitous composition of cell membrane, which exerts great impact on the resistance of outer stress from environmental pollutants, such as heavy metals, antibiotics, and pesticides, etc. This review focuses on the environmental fate and the ecological functions of the extDNA and intDNA from the perspectives of environmental behavior, genetic information transmission, and resistance to the environmental contaminants, etc. By reviewing the status quo and the future vista of the ext/intDNAs research, this article shed light on the exploring ecological functioning of the ext/intDNAs in the environment.
Key words:extracellular DNA/
intracellular DNA/
functional gene/
metagenomics/
ecological function.
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