纪建达,
于涛
自然资源部第三海洋研究所海洋放射性技术与环境安全评估实验室, 厦门 361005

作者简介: 纪建达(1984-),男,助理研究员,研究方向为海洋放射生态学、环境科学,E-mail:jijianda@tio.org.cn.

基金项目: 自然资源部第三海洋研究所基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(海三科2017017)；科技部海洋公益性行业科研专项资助项目(201505005)


中图分类号: X171.5

Enrichment and Ecological Risk of Cesium-137 in Marine Organisms in the Waters Adjacent to Coastal Nuclear Power Stations in China

Ji Jianda,
Yu Tao
Laboratory of Marine Isotopic Technology & Environmental Risk Assessment, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China

CLC number: X171.5

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摘要:铯-137(¹³⁷Cs)是滨海核电站液态流出物中主要人工放射性核素和重要监控指标之一，易被水生生物累积，有关核电周边海域内海洋生物的核素富集状况备受关注。通过分析海洋生物富集放射性¹³⁷Cs的方式、生物富集系数的种群特征、人工放射性核素在生物体内的辐射剂量率状况，结果显示：1)滨海核电周边海域内¹³⁷Cs的放射性水平较低；2)海洋生物对于¹³⁷Cs的富集未呈现显著的种群规律；3)目前对放射性铯的富集能力较高的生物主要是底栖生物；4)核电厂周边海域内海洋生物通常未达到可导致电离辐射损伤的辐射剂量率水平。随着滨海核电在我国的大力发展，对能够快速反映环境放射性状况的指示生物的筛选、生物放射性质量安全及其生态健康风险需进一步关注。
关键词: ¹³⁷Cs/
海洋生物/
富集/
生态风险

Abstract:¹³⁷Cs is one of the main artificial radionuclides and important indicators in the monitoring of radioactive liquid effluent of the coastal nuclear power plants. It is easily accumulated by marine organisms, and the enrichment status of radioactive cesium by marine biota in the surrounding sea areas of nuclear power plants has attracted much attention. After analysis of the manners of radioactive ¹³⁷Cs enrichment by marine organisms, the population characteristics of bioconcentration coefficient and the radiation dose rate of artificial radionuclides in marine organisms, the results show that 1) the radioactivity level of ¹³⁷Cs in seawater near the coastal nuclear power plant is rather low; 2) the population characteristics is not significant in bioconcentration coefficient; 3) the organisms with higher enrichment level of radioactive cesium mainly belong to benthic species; 4) the enrichment levels of marine organisms near the coastal nuclear power plants are usually lower than the threshold of radiation dose rate that can cause ionizing radiation damage. With the great development of coastal nuclear power plants in China, it is necessary to pay more attention to the indicator organism selection, biological quality safety in radioactivity monitoring and ecological health risks assessment of environmental radioactivity.
Key words:¹³⁷Cs/
marine organisms/
enrichment/
ecological risk.