内外源性空间注意对多感觉整合的影响

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唐晓雨¹(

), 佟佳庚¹, 于宏¹, 王爱君²(

)

¹辽宁师范大学心理学院; 辽宁省儿童青少年健康人格评定与培养协同创新中心, 大连 116029
²苏州大学心理学系, 心理与行为科学研究中心, 苏州 215123

收稿日期:2021-01-08出版日期:2021-11-25发布日期:2021-09-23
通讯作者:唐晓雨,王爱君E-mail:tangyu2006@163.com;ajwang@suda.edu.cn

基金资助:辽宁师范大学2020年高端科研成果培育资助计划项目(GD20L002);辽宁省教育厅2021年度科学研究经费面上项目(LJKZ0987)

Effects of endogenous spatial attention and exogenous spatial attention on multisensory integration

TANG Xiaoyu¹(

), TONG Jiageng¹, YU Hong¹, WANG Aijun²(

)

¹School of Psychology, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center of Children and Adolescents Healthy Personality Assessment and Cultivation, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China
²Department of Psychology, Research Center for Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China

Received:2021-01-08Online:2021-11-25Published:2021-09-23
Contact:TANG Xiaoyu,WANG Aijun E-mail:tangyu2006@163.com;ajwang@suda.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本文采用内-外源性空间线索靶子范式, 操控内源性线索有效性(有效线索、无效线索)、外源性线索有效性(有效线索、无效线索)、目标刺激类型(视觉刺激、听觉刺激、视听觉刺激)三个自变量。通过两个不同任务难度的实验(实验1: 简单定位任务; 实验2: 复杂辨别任务)来考察内外源性空间注意对多感觉整合的影响。两个实验结果均发现外源性空间注意显著减弱了多感觉整合效应, 内源性空间注意没有显著增强多感觉整合效应; 实验2中还发现了内源性空间注意会对外源性空间注意减弱多感觉整合效应产生影响。结果表明, 与内源性空间注意不同, 外源性空间注意对多感觉整合的影响不易受任务难度的调控; 当任务较难时内源性空间注意会影响外源性空间注意减弱多感觉整合效应的过程。由此推测, 内外源性空间注意对多感觉整合的调节并非彼此独立、而是相互影响的。

图/表 10

图1实验1流程示意图注: 图1(a)为目标刺激呈现位置的示意图, 图1(b)为单个试次的流程图。右图中内源性空间线索对接下来的目标刺激的空间位置有80%的预测性, 而外源性空间线索对目标刺激位置没有预测性。目标刺激(V/A/AV)分别表示视觉刺激, 听觉刺激和视听觉刺激。

图1实验1流程示意图注: 图1(a)为目标刺激呈现位置的示意图, 图1(b)为单个试次的流程图。右图中内源性空间线索对接下来的目标刺激的空间位置有80%的预测性, 而外源性空间线索对目标刺激位置没有预测性。目标刺激(V/A/AV)分别表示视觉刺激, 听觉刺激和视听觉刺激。

表1实验1不同条件下的反应时(RT/ms)和正确率(ACC/%) (M ± SD)

目标刺激类型	内源有效		内源无效
目标刺激类型	外源有效	外源无效	外源有效	外源无效
视觉通道
RT (ms)	390.92 ± 57.34	408.06 ± 65.76	404.22 ± 54.76	413.42 ± 64.94
ACC (%)	98.75 ± 1.38	97.19 ± 2.33	98.02 ± 2.50	96.16 ± 3.86
视听觉通道
RT (ms)	330.15 ± 36.51	357.75 ± 45.41	339.71 ± 37.18	368.74 ± 42.60
ACC (%)	99.36 ± 0.72	98.27 ± 1.54	99.41 ± 1.44	97.33 ± 3.07
听觉通道
RT (ms)	361.03 ± 42.10	432.79 ± 78.71	373.75 ± 41.18	448.32 ± 82.17
ACC (%)	98.97 ± 1.20	94.33 ± 4.22	98.52 ± 1.94	91.27 ± 5.35

表1实验1不同条件下的反应时(RT/ms)和正确率(ACC/%) (M ± SD)

目标刺激类型	内源有效		内源无效
目标刺激类型	外源有效	外源无效	外源有效	外源无效
视觉通道
RT (ms)	390.92 ± 57.34	408.06 ± 65.76	404.22 ± 54.76	413.42 ± 64.94
ACC (%)	98.75 ± 1.38	97.19 ± 2.33	98.02 ± 2.50	96.16 ± 3.86
视听觉通道
RT (ms)	330.15 ± 36.51	357.75 ± 45.41	339.71 ± 37.18	368.74 ± 42.60
ACC (%)	99.36 ± 0.72	98.27 ± 1.54	99.41 ± 1.44	97.33 ± 3.07
听觉通道
RT (ms)	361.03 ± 42.10	432.79 ± 78.71	373.75 ± 41.18	448.32 ± 82.17
ACC (%)	98.97 ± 1.20	94.33 ± 4.22	98.52 ± 1.94	91.27 ± 5.35

图2(a)是反应时为中位数时, 不同线索条件下rMRE结果; (b)是反应时为平均数时, 不同线索条件下rMRE的结果。注：rMRE (相对多感觉反应增强; relative amount of multisensory response enhancement); **p < 0.01。

图3(a)是实验1内源性线索的累计概率分布; (b)是实验1内源性线索race model结果注：粗线表示视听觉刺激发生显著整合的时间窗口。虚线表示有效线索, 实线表示无效线索。*代表峰值(最大概率值)出现的时间。

图4(a)是实验1外源性线索的累计概率分布; (b)是实验1外源性线索race model结果注：粗线表示视听觉刺激发生显著整合的时间窗口。虚线表示有效线索, 实线表示无效线索。*代表峰值(最大概率值)出现的时间。

图5实验2目标刺激类型注：图5为实验2四个种类的目标刺激。实验2的任务是判断目标靶刺激的空间位置, 并且不对非靶刺激反应。

图5实验2目标刺激类型注：图5为实验2四个种类的目标刺激。实验2的任务是判断目标靶刺激的空间位置, 并且不对非靶刺激反应。

表2实验2在不同条件下的反应时(RT/ms)和正确率(ACC/%) (M ± SD)

目标刺激类型	内源有效		内源无效
目标刺激类型	外源有效	外源无效	外源有效	外源无效
视觉通道
RT (ms)	462.68 ± 41.87	499.19 ± 52.29	526.97 ± 54.44	577.86 ± 72.07
ACC (%)	97.17 ± 2.35	93.61 ± 4.29	88.55 ± 5.96	82.14 ± 7.24
视听觉通道
RT (ms)	437.68 ± 48.56	466.07 ± 55.96	482.93 ± 71.26	513.86 ± 67.59
ACC (%)	98.82 ± 0.86	97.67 ± 1.68	96.50 ± 2.00	94.70 ± 3.89
听觉通道
RT (ms)	494.43 ± 55.11	554.21 ± 75.59	499.29 ± 55.99	576.97 ± 72.94
ACC (%)	97.52 ± 1.70	95.38 ± 3.28	96.00 ± 2.82	92.14 ± 5.45

表2实验2在不同条件下的反应时(RT/ms)和正确率(ACC/%) (M ± SD)

目标刺激类型	内源有效		内源无效
目标刺激类型	外源有效	外源无效	外源有效	外源无效
视觉通道
RT (ms)	462.68 ± 41.87	499.19 ± 52.29	526.97 ± 54.44	577.86 ± 72.07
ACC (%)	97.17 ± 2.35	93.61 ± 4.29	88.55 ± 5.96	82.14 ± 7.24
视听觉通道
RT (ms)	437.68 ± 48.56	466.07 ± 55.96	482.93 ± 71.26	513.86 ± 67.59
ACC (%)	98.82 ± 0.86	97.67 ± 1.68	96.50 ± 2.00	94.70 ± 3.89
听觉通道
RT (ms)	494.43 ± 55.11	554.21 ± 75.59	499.29 ± 55.99	576.97 ± 72.94
ACC (%)	97.52 ± 1.70	95.38 ± 3.28	96.00 ± 2.82	92.14 ± 5.45

图6(a)是反应时为中位数时, 不同线索条件下rMRE结果; (b)是反应时为平均数时, 不同线索条件下rMRE的结果注：rMRE (相对多感觉反应增强; relative amount of multisensory response enhancement); *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01。

图7(a)是实验2内源性线索的累计概率分布; (b)是实验2内源性线索race model结果注: 粗线表示视听觉刺激发生显著整合的时间窗口。虚线表示有效线索, 实线表示无效线索。*代表峰值(最大概率值)出现的时间。

图8(a)是实验2外源性线索的累计概率分布; (b)是实验2外源性线索race model结果注: 粗线表示视听觉刺激发生显著整合的时间窗口。虚线表示有效线索, 实线表示无效线索。*代表峰值(最大概率值)出现的时间。

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