), 陈宁1() 1上海师范大学心理学系, 上海 200234
2烟台文化旅游职业学院, 山东 烟台 264003
收稿日期:2021-02-04出版日期:2021-11-25发布日期:2021-09-23通讯作者:刘伟,陈宁E-mail:liuwei@shnu.edu.cn;chenning@shnu.edu.cn基金资助:国家社科基金后期资助项目(18FKS007)The influence of dispositional mindfulness on the academic affective forecasting biases of middle school students
SUN Lin1,2, DUAN Tao1, LIU Wei1(), CHEN Ning1() 1Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
2Yantai Vocational College of Culture and Tourism, Yantai 264003, China
Received:2021-02-04Online:2021-11-25Published:2021-09-23Contact:LIU Wei,CHEN Ning E-mail:liuwei@shnu.edu.cn;chenning@shnu.edu.cn摘要/Abstract
摘要： 基于真实考试和实验室模拟情境, 考察特质正念对初中生学业情绪预测偏差的影响及其机制。结果表明：(1)学业领域存在情绪预测偏差; (2)特质正念影响情绪预测偏差, 特质正念水平高的初中生情绪预测偏差相对更小, 反之则更大; (3)注意聚焦在特质正念影响情绪预测偏差中存在中介作用。本研究初步提出正念的“扩大-联结”解释模型, 推进了学业领域情绪预测的研究, 具有良好的生态学效度和切实的教育实践价值。
图/表 6
表1研究1描述性统计结果(M ± SD)
| 情境 | 特质正念分组 | 情绪预测 | 情绪体验 | 相对偏差 | 绝对偏差 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 目标实现组 | 低特质正念组(n = 61) | 3.79 ± 1.11 | 3.13 ± 1.35 | -0.66 ± 1.31 | 1.16 ± 0.89 |
| 高特质正念组(n = 61) | 3.93 ± 1.09 | 3.35 ± 1.20 | -0.58 ± 0.93 | 0.82 ± 0.73 | |
| 目标未实现组 | 低特质正念组(n = 72) | 3.18 ± 1.25 | 2.72 ± 1.21 | -0.46 ± 1.42 | 1.10 ± 1.00 |
| 高特质正念组(n = 73) | 2.92 ± 1.10 | 2.84 ± 1.17 | -0.08 ± 1.05 | 0.74 ± 0.74 |
表1研究1描述性统计结果(M ± SD)
| 情境 | 特质正念分组 | 情绪预测 | 情绪体验 | 相对偏差 | 绝对偏差 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 目标实现组 | 低特质正念组(n = 61) | 3.79 ± 1.11 | 3.13 ± 1.35 | -0.66 ± 1.31 | 1.16 ± 0.89 |
| 高特质正念组(n = 61) | 3.93 ± 1.09 | 3.35 ± 1.20 | -0.58 ± 0.93 | 0.82 ± 0.73 | |
| 目标未实现组 | 低特质正念组(n = 72) | 3.18 ± 1.25 | 2.72 ± 1.21 | -0.46 ± 1.42 | 1.10 ± 1.00 |
| 高特质正念组(n = 73) | 2.92 ± 1.10 | 2.84 ± 1.17 | -0.08 ± 1.05 | 0.74 ± 0.74 |
表2研究2描述性统计结果(M ± SD)
| 情境 | 特质正念分组 | 情绪预测 | 情绪体验 | 相对偏差 | 绝对偏差 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 成功反馈 | 低特质正念组(n = 36) | 3.07 ± 1.02 | 3.27 ± 1.05 | 0.19 ± 1.13 | 0.90 ± 0.70 |
| 高特质正念组(n = 34) | 3.44 ± 1.00 | 3.50 ± 1.10 | 0.06 ± 0.76 | 0.57 ± 0.50 | |
| 失败反馈 | 低特质正念组(n = 36) | 2.93 ± 1.17 | 2.58 ± 1.29 | -0.69 ± 1.52 | 1.33 ± 0.99 |
| 高特质正念组(n = 34) | 2.10 ± 1.19 | 2.76 ± 1.20 | -0.74 ± 0.91 | 0.91 ± 0.73 |
表2研究2描述性统计结果(M ± SD)
| 情境 | 特质正念分组 | 情绪预测 | 情绪体验 | 相对偏差 | 绝对偏差 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 成功反馈 | 低特质正念组(n = 36) | 3.07 ± 1.02 | 3.27 ± 1.05 | 0.19 ± 1.13 | 0.90 ± 0.70 |
| 高特质正念组(n = 34) | 3.44 ± 1.00 | 3.50 ± 1.10 | 0.06 ± 0.76 | 0.57 ± 0.50 | |
| 失败反馈 | 低特质正念组(n = 36) | 2.93 ± 1.17 | 2.58 ± 1.29 | -0.69 ± 1.52 | 1.33 ± 0.99 |
| 高特质正念组(n = 34) | 2.10 ± 1.19 | 2.76 ± 1.20 | -0.74 ± 0.91 | 0.91 ± 0.73 |
表3研究3描述性统计结果(M ± SD)
| 情境 | 特质正念分组 | 情绪预测 | 情绪体验 | 相对偏差 | 绝对偏差 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 挑战成功 | 低特质正念组(n = 32) | 4.05 ± 0.46 | 3.80 ± 0.62 | -0.26 ± 0.57 | 0.46 ± 0.41 |
| 高特质正念组(n = 39) | 4.11 ± 0.57 | 4.08 ± 0.63 | -0.03 ± 0.31 | 0.21 ± 0.24 | |
| 挑战失败 | 低特质正念组(n = 33) | 2.21 ± 0.87 | 2.83 ± 0.78 | 0.62 ± 1.02 | 0.83 ± 0.85 |
| 高特质正念组(n = 32) | 2.14 ± 0.74 | 2.41 ± 0.89 | 0.27 ± 0.78 | 0.55 ± 0.61 |
表3研究3描述性统计结果(M ± SD)
| 情境 | 特质正念分组 | 情绪预测 | 情绪体验 | 相对偏差 | 绝对偏差 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 挑战成功 | 低特质正念组(n = 32) | 4.05 ± 0.46 | 3.80 ± 0.62 | -0.26 ± 0.57 | 0.46 ± 0.41 |
| 高特质正念组(n = 39) | 4.11 ± 0.57 | 4.08 ± 0.63 | -0.03 ± 0.31 | 0.21 ± 0.24 | |
| 挑战失败 | 低特质正念组(n = 33) | 2.21 ± 0.87 | 2.83 ± 0.78 | 0.62 ± 1.02 | 0.83 ± 0.85 |
| 高特质正念组(n = 32) | 2.14 ± 0.74 | 2.41 ± 0.89 | 0.27 ± 0.78 | 0.55 ± 0.61 |
表4注意聚焦的中介模型检验
| 回归方程(n = 136) | 拟合指标 | 系数显著性 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 结果变量 | 预测变量 | R | R2 | F | β | t | p |
| 绝对偏差 | 0.24 | 0.06 | 8.13 | ||||
| 特质正念 | -0.29 | -2.85 | 0.005 | ||||
| 注意聚焦 | 0.28 | 0.08 | 11.76 | ||||
| 特质正念 | 0.46 | 3.43 | 0.001 | ||||
| 绝对偏差 | 0.33 | 0.11 | 8.10 | ||||
| 特质正念 | -0.21 | -2.01 | 0.046 | ||||
| 注意聚焦 | -0.18 | -2.77 | 0.006 | ||||
表4注意聚焦的中介模型检验
| 回归方程(n = 136) | 拟合指标 | 系数显著性 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 结果变量 | 预测变量 | R | R2 | F | β | t | p |
| 绝对偏差 | 0.24 | 0.06 | 8.13 | ||||
| 特质正念 | -0.29 | -2.85 | 0.005 | ||||
| 注意聚焦 | 0.28 | 0.08 | 11.76 | ||||
| 特质正念 | 0.46 | 3.43 | 0.001 | ||||
| 绝对偏差 | 0.33 | 0.11 | 8.10 | ||||
| 特质正念 | -0.21 | -2.01 | 0.046 | ||||
| 注意聚焦 | -0.18 | -2.77 | 0.006 | ||||
图1注意聚焦在特质正念对情绪预测偏差中的中介作用
图1注意聚焦在特质正念对情绪预测偏差中的中介作用表5注意聚焦总效应、直接效应及中介效应分解表
| 效应 | 效应值 | Boot 标准误 | BootCI 下限 | BootCI 上限 | 效应占比 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 总效应 | -0.29 | 0.10 | -0.49 | -0.09 | |
| 直接效应 | -0.21 | 0.10 | -0.41 | -0.004 | 72.41% |
| 间接效应 | -0.08 | 0.04 | -0.17 | -0.02 | 27.59% |
表5注意聚焦总效应、直接效应及中介效应分解表
| 效应 | 效应值 | Boot 标准误 | BootCI 下限 | BootCI 上限 | 效应占比 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 总效应 | -0.29 | 0.10 | -0.49 | -0.09 | |
| 直接效应 | -0.21 | 0.10 | -0.41 | -0.004 | 72.41% |
| 间接效应 | -0.08 | 0.04 | -0.17 | -0.02 | 27.59% |
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