), 赵国祥() 河南大学教育科学学院, 认知、脑与健康研究所, 心理与行为研究所, 开封 475004
收稿日期:2019-11-25出版日期:2020-10-25发布日期:2020-08-24通讯作者:索涛,赵国祥E-mail:suotao810815@163.com;zhaogx@henu.edu.cn基金资助:* 河南省博士后科研启动项目(001802013);河南省教育厅人文社科项目(2019ZDJH493)The influence of unaware errors on post-error adjustment: Evidence from electrophysiological analysis
WANG Lijun, SUO Tao(), ZHAO Guoxiang() School of Education, Henan University; Institute of Cognition, Brain and Health; Institute of Psychology and Behavior, Kaifeng 475004, China
Received:2019-11-25Online:2020-10-25Published:2020-08-24Contact:SUO Tao,ZHAO Guoxiang E-mail:suotao810815@163.com;zhaogx@henu.edu.cn摘要/Abstract
摘要： 现有研究一致认为意识到错误可引起错误后调整, 但是未意识到错误能否促使个体进行错误后调整尚存争议。本实验采用基于go/no-go范式的错误意识任务考察上述问题, 并根据被试对自己按键反应正误主观报告将no-go错误反应分为意识到错误和未意识到错误。行为结果发现, 意识到错误和未意识到错误后正确率均显著高于正确击中试次(正确go试次)后正确率; 但是, 意识到错误后试次反应时显著快于正确击中后反应时, 未意识到错误后反应时显著慢于正确击中后反应时。该结果表明两类错误均优化了错误后行为表现, 但是意识到错误后被试调整速度加快, 未意识到错误后被试调整速度减慢。进而, 时频分析发现意识到错误相较于未意识到错误诱发显著更强的alpha波能量。并且, 前者在错误意识主观报告前已诱发alpha波, 后者在错误意识主观报告反应后诱发alpha波。该结果表明意识到错误一直处于持续的注意监控中, 而未意识到错误是任务引起的暂时注意控制。因此, 本实验说明错误意识影响错误后调整, 意识到错误可能采用类似主动性控制的策略调节错误后行为, 而未意识到错误可能采用类似反应性控制的策略调节错误后行为。
图/表 4
图1实验流程图
图1实验流程图
图2错误后调整效应在反应时和正确率上的表现 注:图a分别呈现意识到错误、未意识到错误以及正确击中后正确试次在反应时上的结果。图b分别呈现意识到错误、未意识到错误以及正确击中后试次正确率结果。**p < 0.01, *p < 0.05。
图2错误后调整效应在反应时和正确率上的表现 注:图a分别呈现意识到错误、未意识到错误以及正确击中后正确试次在反应时上的结果。图b分别呈现意识到错误、未意识到错误以及正确击中后试次正确率结果。**p < 0.01, *p < 0.05。
图3意识到错误和未意识到错误时频分析结果 注:图a分别呈现意识到和未意识到错误在枕顶部(Pz、P3、P4、POz、PO3和PO4)的频谱图、两者的差异频谱图以及相应的差异p值图p < 0.05(FDR矫正)。白色矩形框中为选定的时频感兴趣区alpha波频带(8~14 Hz, -500~500 ms)。图b分别呈现在时频感兴趣区内的意识到错误和未意识到错误的头部地形图及两者的差异地形图。图c呈现意识到错误和未意识到错误在时频感兴趣区内的统计结果。**p < 0.01。
图3意识到错误和未意识到错误时频分析结果 注:图a分别呈现意识到和未意识到错误在枕顶部(Pz、P3、P4、POz、PO3和PO4)的频谱图、两者的差异频谱图以及相应的差异p值图p < 0.05(FDR矫正)。白色矩形框中为选定的时频感兴趣区alpha波频带(8~14 Hz, -500~500 ms)。图b分别呈现在时频感兴趣区内的意识到错误和未意识到错误的头部地形图及两者的差异地形图。图c呈现意识到错误和未意识到错误在时频感兴趣区内的统计结果。**p < 0.01。
图4意识到错误和未意识到错误激活的alpha能量变化时间进程
图4意识到错误和未意识到错误激活的alpha能量变化时间进程参考文献 45
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