急性应激损伤错误监控与错误后调整

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胡娜¹, 陈安涛¹(

), 王宴庆²^,³, 李晴¹, 许珍珍¹, 龙泉杉¹

¹ 西南大学心理学部, 认知与人格教育部重点实验室, 重庆 400715
² 中国科学院心理研究所, 北京 100101
³ 中国科学院大学心理学系, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2019-01-14出版日期:2020-02-25发布日期:2019-12-24
通讯作者:陈安涛E-mail:xscat@swu.edu.cn

基金资助:* 国家自然科学基金项目(61431013);国家自然科学基金项目(31771254);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(SWU1609106);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(SWU1709107);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(SWU1809361)

Acute stress impairs error monitoring and post-error adjustment

HU Na¹, CHEN Antao¹(

), WANG Yanqing²^,³, LI Qing¹, XU Zhenzhen¹, LONG Quanshan¹

¹ Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
² Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
³ Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2019-01-14Online:2020-02-25Published:2019-12-24
Contact:CHEN Antao E-mail:xscat@swu.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 生活中, 个体会时时关注自己的行为结果并及时做出调整以适应环境的变化。但在应激下个体能否有效地监控行为并做出适应性调整依然未知。本研究招募了52名男性大学生被试, 将其随机分入应激组与控制组, 采用特里尔社会应激测试(Trier Social Stress Test, TSST)诱发个体的应激反应, 并结合错误意识任务(Error Awareness Task, EAT)探索个体急性应激下的错误监控与错误后调整过程。应激指标的结果显示应激组个体在应激任务后唾液皮质醇、心率、应激感知自我报告和负性情绪均显著高于控制组, 表明急性应激的诱发是成功的。行为结果显示应激组的错误意识正确率显著低于控制组, 错误意识反应时显著短于控制组; 进一步地, 应激组个体在意识到错误之后的试次上正确率显著低于未意识到错误之后的试次, 并且应激组个体在意识到错误之后的试次上正确率低于控制组。结果表明急性应激降低了个体对错误反应的监控水平, 即便在辨别出错误反应的情况下, 个体的行为监控与调节也更差。本研究说明急性应激会损伤行为监控系统, 导致个体的行为适应性下降。

图/表 7

图1实验流程

图2错误意识任务流程图

图3应激的生理测量和主观报告注：* p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001

图3应激的生理测量和主观报告注：* p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001

表1go和no-go试次的正确率和反应时

类别	试次类型	应激组		控制组
类别	试次类型	M	SD	M	SD
正确率(%)	go	95.85	6.18	96.96	2.43
	颜色no-go	28.42	20.48	40.64	14.97
	重复no-go	45.04	21.66	61.41	18.22
反应时(ms)	go	453.30	87.86	492.35	57.41
	颜色no-go	450.77	95.53	500.38	53.26
	重复no-go	468.71	111.38	511.33	84.13

表1go和no-go试次的正确率和反应时

类别	试次类型	应激组		控制组
类别	试次类型	M	SD	M	SD
正确率(%)	go	95.85	6.18	96.96	2.43
	颜色no-go	28.42	20.48	40.64	14.97
	重复no-go	45.04	21.66	61.41	18.22
反应时(ms)	go	453.30	87.86	492.35	57.41
	颜色no-go	450.77	95.53	500.38	53.26
	重复no-go	468.71	111.38	511.33	84.13

图4错误意识任务的反应时与正确率注：* p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001

图5错误后调整的正确率与反应时注：* p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001

图5错误后调整的正确率与反应时注：* p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001

表2错误意识正确率与应激指标的相关分析结果

组别	值	皮质醇		心率		应激感知自我报告		负性情绪
组别	值	(t = 0)	(t = 10)	(t = 0)	(t = 10)	(t = 0)	(t = 10)	(t = 0)	(t = 10)
控制组	r	0.18	0.36	-0.18	-0.28	0.13	-0.06	-0.19	-0.20
控制组	p	0.378	0.075	0.368	0.170	0.528	0.788	0.347	0.327
应激组	r	0.38	0.08	0.05	0.05	-0.12	0.29	-0.42^*	-0.14
应激组	p	0.059	0.708	0.799	0.822	0.545	0.149	0.034	0.488

表2错误意识正确率与应激指标的相关分析结果

组别	值	皮质醇		心率		应激感知自我报告		负性情绪
组别	值	(t = 0)	(t = 10)	(t = 0)	(t = 10)	(t = 0)	(t = 10)	(t = 0)	(t = 10)
控制组	r	0.18	0.36	-0.18	-0.28	0.13	-0.06	-0.19	-0.20
控制组	p	0.378	0.075	0.368	0.170	0.528	0.788	0.347	0.327
应激组	r	0.38	0.08	0.05	0.05	-0.12	0.29	-0.42^*	-0.14
应激组	p	0.059	0.708	0.799	0.822	0.545	0.149	0.034	0.488

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