), 扶蓓, 周兵平 华中师范大学心理学院, 湖北省人的发展与心理健康重点实验室, 青少年网络心理与行为教育部重点实验室, 武汉 430079
收稿日期:2019-07-11出版日期:2020-06-25发布日期:2020-04-22通讯作者:张微E-mail:zhangwei2008@mail.ccnu.edu.cn基金资助:* 华中师范大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项(CCNU2019);华中师范大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项(CCNUTE2018-10)Adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in internal and external conflicts: Evidence from Saccade task
LI Yaojin, ZHANG Wei(), FU Bei, ZHOU Bingping School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430079, China
Received:2019-07-11Online:2020-06-25Published:2020-04-22Contact:ZHANG Wei E-mail:zhangwei2008@mail.ccnu.edu.cn摘要/Abstract
摘要： 在注意定向与维持上, 注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)个体更容易受到外部刺激的干扰而导致目标任务加工进程受阻, 表现出了注意定向反应的缺陷, 但导致任务失败的原因是由于对突然出现的外部无关刺激的过度兴奋还是对内源性目标刺激的持续维持能力减弱, 尚不清楚。研究采用反向眼跳范式、记忆导向眼跳范式和视觉导向眼跳范式, 来探索成人ADHD内外源注意定向反应的情况, 以及当二者发生冲突时, 成人ADHD失败的可能机制。结果发现, 在反向眼跳任务上, 成人注意缺陷多动障碍组错误率更高, 并且差异性显著。但在记忆导向眼跳任务中, 成人注意缺陷多动障碍组与正常组的差异不显著。在视觉导向眼跳任务中, 成人注意缺陷多动障碍组的正确眼跳潜伏期比正常组要短, 且二者之间的差异显著。这说明, 在内外源刺激反应的冲突导致的情境中, 成人注意缺陷多动障碍的反应明显落后于正常个体, 这种缺陷并非由于其维持内源性注意产生定向反应落后所导致的, 而是与其外源注意定向反应过强有关。
图/表 6
图1反向眼跳实验流程图
图1反向眼跳实验流程图表1两组被试在反向眼跳任务中的眼动指标的描述性统计以及差异性检验
| 眼动指标 | 正常组 | ADHD组 | F | p | η2 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | SD | M | SD | ||||
| 方向正确率(%) | 0.69 | 0.15 | 0.57 | 0.22 | 5.30 | 0.03 | 0.10 |
| 正确眼跳 潜伏期(ms) | 677.56 | 96.52 | 640.41 | 73.41 | 2.38 | 0.13 | 0.05 |
| 方向正确的 纠正率(%) | 0.91 | 0.06 | 0.79 | 0.12 | 19.19 | 0.00 | 0.28 |
表1两组被试在反向眼跳任务中的眼动指标的描述性统计以及差异性检验
| 眼动指标 | 正常组 | ADHD组 | F | p | η2 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | SD | M | SD | ||||
| 方向正确率(%) | 0.69 | 0.15 | 0.57 | 0.22 | 5.30 | 0.03 | 0.10 |
| 正确眼跳 潜伏期(ms) | 677.56 | 96.52 | 640.41 | 73.41 | 2.38 | 0.13 | 0.05 |
| 方向正确的 纠正率(%) | 0.91 | 0.06 | 0.79 | 0.12 | 19.19 | 0.00 | 0.28 |
图2记忆导向眼跳实验流程图
图2记忆导向眼跳实验流程图表2两组被试在记忆导向眼跳任务中的各眼动指标的描述性统计以及差异性检验
| 眼动指标 | 正常组 | ADHD组 | F | p | η2 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | SD | M | SD | ||||
| 期望错误率(%) | 0.90 | 0.17 | 0.93 | 0.15 | 0.37 | 0.55 | 0.01 |
| 方向正确率(%) | 0.73 | 0.17 | 0.70 | 0.18 | 0.33 | 0.57 | 0.01 |
| 正确眼跳潜伏期(ms) | 2271.85 | 147.37 | 2335.36 | 162.98 | 2.13 | 0.15 | 0.04 |
表2两组被试在记忆导向眼跳任务中的各眼动指标的描述性统计以及差异性检验
| 眼动指标 | 正常组 | ADHD组 | F | p | η2 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | SD | M | SD | ||||
| 期望错误率(%) | 0.90 | 0.17 | 0.93 | 0.15 | 0.37 | 0.55 | 0.01 |
| 方向正确率(%) | 0.73 | 0.17 | 0.70 | 0.18 | 0.33 | 0.57 | 0.01 |
| 正确眼跳潜伏期(ms) | 2271.85 | 147.37 | 2335.36 | 162.98 | 2.13 | 0.15 | 0.04 |
图3视觉导向眼跳实验流程图
图3视觉导向眼跳实验流程图表3两组被试在视觉导向眼跳任务中的各眼动指标的描述性统计以及差异性检验
| 眼动指标 | 正常组 | ADHD组 | F | p | η2 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | SD | M | SD | ||||
| 方向正确率(%) | 0.86 | 0.10 | 0.87 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.80 | 0.00 |
| 正确眼跳潜伏(ms) | 561.81 | 50.70 | 530.20 | 40.64 | 6.00 | 0.02 | 0.11 |
表3两组被试在视觉导向眼跳任务中的各眼动指标的描述性统计以及差异性检验
| 眼动指标 | 正常组 | ADHD组 | F | p | η2 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | SD | M | SD | ||||
| 方向正确率(%) | 0.86 | 0.10 | 0.87 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.80 | 0.00 |
| 正确眼跳潜伏(ms) | 561.81 | 50.70 | 530.20 | 40.64 | 6.00 | 0.02 | 0.11 |
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