长时联结表征对工作记忆的抑制效应

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张引¹^,², 梁腾飞¹^,², 叶超雄¹^,³, 刘强¹^,²(

)

¹ 四川师范大学脑与心理科学研究院, 成都 610000
² 辽宁师范大学脑与认知神经科学研究中心, 大连 116029
³ 于韦斯屈莱大学心理学系, 于韦斯屈莱, 40014 芬兰

收稿日期:2019-07-09出版日期:2020-05-25发布日期:2020-03-26
通讯作者:刘强E-mail:lq780614@163.com

基金资助:* 国家自然科学基金项目资助(31970989)

The inhibitory effect of long-term associative representation on working memory

ZHANG Yin¹^,², LIANG Tengfei¹^,², YE Chaoxiong¹^,³, LIU Qiang¹^,²(

)

¹ Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610000, China
² Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China
³ Department of Psychology, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, 40014, Finland

Received:2019-07-09Online:2020-05-25Published:2020-03-26
Contact:LIU Qiang E-mail:lq780614@163.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本研究通过两个实验探讨了长时记忆联结表征如何影响当下工作记忆任务的加工。长时记忆联结表征采用无语义联系、无视觉相似性的Emoji图片对, 提前一天让被试完成联结表征的建立, 正式工作记忆任务采用独立探测的变化觉察范式。实验1控制呈现时间(500 ms / 1000 ms)与呈现方式(联结/独立), 发现两种呈现时间均显示出联结条件的正确率与记忆容量显著低于独立条件, 说明长时记忆联结表征抑制了当前工作记忆的加工。实验2设置了记忆项目数(2/4/6项)与呈现方式(联结/独立), 采用alpha震荡作为脑电指标, 考察长时联结表征在工作记忆维持阶段的作用。结果发现在维持阶段, 独立条件的alpha震荡随着记忆项目数量的增加而增大(2项 < 4项 < 6项), 而联结条件在4项已经到达顶点(2项 < 4项 = 6项)。实验2进一步说明长时联结表征在维持阶段降低了当前工作记忆容量。本研究的两个实验结果表明, 长时记忆联结表征对当前的工作记忆任务有一定的抑制作用, 这种抑制作用产生的机制可能来自于联结表征干扰了维持阶段的注意分配。

图/表 5

图1实验1中联结、独立两种条件流程图。记忆阵列可能呈现500 ms或1000 ms。

图2实验1结果。记忆阵列呈现时间为500 ms与1000 ms时, 联结、独立两种条件下的正确率(左)与K值(右)。

图3实验2的条件与流程图。

图4实验2行为结果图。记忆项目数为2、4、6项时, 联结、独立两种条件下的正确率(左)与记忆项目数为4、6时, 联结、独立两种条件下的记忆容量K值。

图5实验2结果。不同实验条件下, 总平均时频谱图(上行)。Alpha震荡时程图及头皮地形分布图(中行), 编码阶段横坐标用橙色条形标注, 维持阶段横坐标用红色条形标注。记忆项目数为2、4、6项时, 联结、独立两种条件在记忆编码阶段(左下)与维持阶段(右下)的alpha震荡值。** p < 0.01, NS p > 0.05。

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