视觉工作记忆回溯线索效应的产生机制：认知阶段分离

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叶超雄¹^,², 胡中华¹, 梁腾飞¹^,³, 张加峰⁴^,⁵, 许茜如¹^,², 刘强¹(

)

1 四川师范大学脑与心理科学研究院, 成都 610000
2 于韦斯屈莱大学心理学系, 于韦斯屈莱, 芬兰 40640
3 辽宁师范大学脑与认知神经研究中心, 大连 116029
4 中国科学院心理研究所行为科学重点实验室, 北京 100101
5 中国科学院大学心理学系, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2019-10-27出版日期:2020-04-25发布日期:2020-02-25
通讯作者:刘强E-mail:lq780614@163.com

基金资助:* 国家自然科学基金(31700948)

The mechanism of retro-cue effect in visual working memory: Cognitive phase separation

YE Chaoxiong¹^,², HU Zhonghua¹, LIANG Tengfei¹^,³, ZHANG Jiafeng⁴^,⁵, XU Qianru¹^,², LIU Qiang¹(

)

1 Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610000, China
2 Department of Psychology, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla 40014, Finland
3 Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China
4 CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
5 Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2019-10-27Online:2020-04-25Published:2020-02-25
Contact:LIU Qiang E-mail:lq780614@163.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以往研究关于视觉工作记忆回溯线索效应的产生机制主要存在5种假设, 目前依然存在争议。本研究通过改进前人研究实验范式, 采用包含内源性回溯线索的颜色回忆报告范式, 进一步对这5种假设进行检验。在实验1中, 我们调控了线索与探测阵列之间的时间间隔, 发现不同时间间隔不影响无线索条件的行为表现, 而在正常线索条件中被试的记忆精度以及能记住的项目数量均优于无线索条件; 在实验2中, 我们对回溯线索伴随的干扰刺激类型进行控制, 结果显示, 在不同条件下记忆精度不存在差别, 但当回溯线索伴随干扰刺激呈现时, 被试能记住的项目数量会被降低, 降低程度受干扰刺激的类型调制; 在实验3中, 我们对伴随回溯线索的干扰刺激的呈现时间进行控制, 发现虽然回溯线索效应仍然存在, 但干扰刺激的呈现时间不会影响效应程度。研究结果表明, 回溯线索的出现使得被试能够在决策加工前完成内部注意资源的再分配, 从而避免了同时进行这两种认知加工与记忆表征维持本身竞争认知资源。本研究为认知阶段分离假设提供了支持证据, 对解决回溯线索效应产生机制的争议以及理解内部注意与视觉工作记忆的关系有重要意义。

图/表 6

图1实验1流程图。图中分别为正常线索条件、短间隔无线索条件以及长间隔无线索条件。

图2实验1结果。分别是正常线索条件、短间隔无线索条件以及长间隔无线索条件的SD值(记忆精度-1) (图a)、Pb (混淆率) (图b)、Pg (猜测率) (图c)以及Pt (正确报告率) (图d)的结果。柱状图误差线代表了该条件下均值的标准误。“NS”表示p > 0.05, “*” 表示p < 0.05, “**” 表示p < 0.01。

图3实验2流程图。图中分别为正常线索条件、灰色环干扰线索条件、彩色环干扰线索条件以及短间隔无线索条件。

图4实验2结果。分别是正常线索条件、灰色环干扰线索条件、彩色环干扰线索条件以及短间隔无线索条件的SD值(记忆精度-1) (图a)、Pb (混淆率) (图b)、Pg (猜测率) (图c)以及Pt (正确报告率) (图d)的结果。柱状图误差线代表了该条件下均值的标准误。“NS”表示p > 0.05, “**” 表示p < 0.01。

图5实验3流程图注：图中分别为灰色环干扰线索条件、长灰色环短线索条件、长灰色环长线索条件以及短间隔无线索条件。

图6实验3结果。分别是灰色环干扰线索条件、长灰色环短线索条件、长灰色环长线索条件以及短间隔无线索条件的SD值(记忆精度-1) (图a)、Pb (混淆率) (图b)、Pg (猜测率) (图c)以及Pt (正确报告率) (图d)的结果。柱状图误差线代表了该条件下均值的标准误。“NS”表示p > 0.05, “**” 表示p < 0.01。

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