), 曹立人() 浙江大学心理与科学行为系, 杭州 310028
收稿日期:2018-09-19出版日期:2019-08-21发布日期:2019-07-24通讯作者:徐昊骙,曹立人E-mail:haokuixu.psy@gmail.com;caoliren2000@163.comVisual representation of items with semantic information in sensory memory
HU Jingjing, XU Haokui(), CAO Liren() Department of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China
Received:2018-09-19Online:2019-08-21Published:2019-07-24Contact:XU Haokui,CAO Liren E-mail:haokuixu.psy@gmail.com;caoliren2000@163.com摘要/Abstract
摘要： 感觉记忆能够以特征形式构建对视觉对象表面信息的表征, 然而对于具有重要意义的潜在抽象信息, 尚未有研究考察其是否影响感觉记忆的视觉表征。结合掩蔽技术与部分报告法范式考察了感觉记忆的视觉表征中是否包含语义信息。以阿拉伯数字作为目标, 实验1与实验2分别采用正立与倒置的汉字大写数字作为掩蔽刺激, 比较其与白噪音刺激的掩蔽效应。结果显示, 汉字大写数字的掩蔽效应均强于白噪音刺激, 且正立汉字大写数字的掩蔽效果较倒置汉字大写数字更强。实验3采用汉字大写数字与汉字常用字分别作为掩蔽刺激, 结果显示汉字大写数字的掩蔽效果强于汉字常用字。上述结果显示, 刺激间的语义相似性带来了视觉表征冲突, 表明感觉记忆的视觉表征中包含了刺激的语义信息。
图/表 5
图1实验1流程图 掩蔽刺激消失后呈现空屏, 被试根据不同的声音线索进行反应。(a)在部分报告法组块中, 根据实验条件, 在掩蔽刺激消失0 ms或447 ms后呈现声音线索提示被试需要报告哪一行(2.5 kHz高音：报告第一行; 850 Hz中音：报告第二行; 200 Hz低音：报告第三行)。(b)在全部报告法组块中, 不呈现声音线索。(c)掩蔽刺激示例, 白噪音掩蔽与正立汉字大写数字掩蔽。
图1实验1流程图 掩蔽刺激消失后呈现空屏, 被试根据不同的声音线索进行反应。(a)在部分报告法组块中, 根据实验条件, 在掩蔽刺激消失0 ms或447 ms后呈现声音线索提示被试需要报告哪一行(2.5 kHz高音：报告第一行; 850 Hz中音：报告第二行; 200 Hz低音：报告第三行)。(b)在全部报告法组块中, 不呈现声音线索。(c)掩蔽刺激示例, 白噪音掩蔽与正立汉字大写数字掩蔽。
图2实验1的被试绩效 0 ms线索延迟与447 ms线索延迟为部分报告法条件, 无线索为全部报告法条件。
图2实验1的被试绩效 0 ms线索延迟与447 ms线索延迟为部分报告法条件, 无线索为全部报告法条件。
图3实验2刺激图片与被试绩效 (a)实验2中所用倒置汉字数字的示例; (b)实验2的被试绩效。
图3实验2刺激图片与被试绩效 (a)实验2中所用倒置汉字数字的示例; (b)实验2的被试绩效。
图4实验1与实验2的被试绩效比较。 (a)实验1与实验2的白噪音掩蔽条件比较; (b)实验1与实验2的汉字数字掩蔽条件比较。
图4实验1与实验2的被试绩效比较。 (a)实验1与实验2的白噪音掩蔽条件比较; (b)实验1与实验2的汉字数字掩蔽条件比较。
图5实验3的被试绩效
图5实验3的被试绩效参考文献 51
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