), 苏彦捷2(), 林彩云1,3 1. 闽南师范大学教育科学学院; 福建省应用认知与人格重点实验室, 漳州 363000
2. 北京大学心理与认知科学学院; 行为与心理健康北京市重点实验室, 北京 100871
3. 广东金融学院心理健康教育与咨询中心, 广州 510521
收稿日期:2018-10-06出版日期:2019-08-21发布日期:2019-07-24通讯作者:陈顺森,苏彦捷E-mail:shunsen@163.com;yjsu@pku.edu.cn基金资助:* 国家社会科学基金教育类青年课题(CBA120104)Characteristics and significance of binocular point of regard in children with autism having normal vision
GAO Shihuan1,2, CHEN Shunsen1(), SU Yanjie2(), LIN Caiyun1,3 1. College of Education Science and Fujian Key Laboratory of 'Applied Cognition & Personality', Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, China;
2. School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences; Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
3. Center of Mental Health Education and Counseling, Guangdong University of Finance, Guangzhou 510521, China
Received:2018-10-06Online:2019-08-21Published:2019-07-24Contact:CHEN Shunsen,SU Yanjie E-mail:shunsen@163.com;yjsu@pku.edu.cn摘要/Abstract
摘要： 视网膜上物象对应的外在注视点之间的距离, 即双眼注视点间距(distance of binoculars point of regard, DBPR)在自闭症谱系障碍(autism spectrum disorders, ASD)个体上存在异常的表现, 而ASD个体伴随较高的斜视发病率, 可能会对其双眼注视点间距产生影响。研究采用正弦曲线平滑追踪任务范式, 探索视觉正常的ASD儿童在动态刺激加工过程中DBPR的鉴别意义。结果发现, ASD儿童DBPR过大且具有跨任务类型的稳定性, 且与斜视无关。DBPR在大振幅、快速度的条件下具有优良的鉴别力, 并与自闭症行为量表总分以及感知觉维度显著正相关。结果表明, 双眼注视点间距具有良好的鉴别价值。
图/表 10
图1两种振幅小球运动轨迹示例注：实验过程中不呈现黑色曲线
图1两种振幅小球运动轨迹示例注：实验过程中不呈现黑色曲线
图2实验流程图
图2实验流程图
图3两组儿童平均双眼注视点的位置误差(单位：像素)
图3两组儿童平均双眼注视点的位置误差(单位：像素)
图4两组儿童左眼注视点的位置误差(单位：像素)
图4两组儿童左眼注视点的位置误差(单位：像素)
图5两组儿童右眼注视点的位置误差(单位：像素)
图5两组儿童右眼注视点的位置误差(单位：像素)表1两组儿童注视点间距(单位：像素) [M (SD)]
| 条件 | ASD | TD | 95%CI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 小振幅 | 2.5°/s | 36.34 (10.41) | 26.77 (6.57) | 4.61~14.51 |
| 5°/s | 39.47 (10.26) | 28.54 (6.94) | 5.95~15.91 | |
| 7.5°/s | 41.30 (10.15) | 29.83 (7.12) | 6.49~16.46 | |
| 大振幅 | 2.5°/s | 36.77 (9.84) | 27.89 (6.09) | 4.23~13.53 |
| 5°/s | 41.88 (9.08) | 28.36 (5.80) | 9.19~17.86 | |
| 7.5°/s | 43.35 (8.32) | 29.20 (6.18) | 9.98~18.32 | |
表1两组儿童注视点间距(单位：像素) [M (SD)]
| 条件 | ASD | TD | 95%CI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 小振幅 | 2.5°/s | 36.34 (10.41) | 26.77 (6.57) | 4.61~14.51 |
| 5°/s | 39.47 (10.26) | 28.54 (6.94) | 5.95~15.91 | |
| 7.5°/s | 41.30 (10.15) | 29.83 (7.12) | 6.49~16.46 | |
| 大振幅 | 2.5°/s | 36.77 (9.84) | 27.89 (6.09) | 4.23~13.53 |
| 5°/s | 41.88 (9.08) | 28.36 (5.80) | 9.19~17.86 | |
| 7.5°/s | 43.35 (8.32) | 29.20 (6.18) | 9.98~18.32 | |
图6两组儿童不同条件下的DBPR (单位：像素)
图6两组儿童不同条件下的DBPR (单位：像素)
图7ASD儿童大振幅、7.5°/s速度条件下DBPR的ROC曲线图
图7ASD儿童大振幅、7.5°/s速度条件下DBPR的ROC曲线图表2两组被试DBPR的ROC检验结果
| 条件 | 面积 | 标准误 | p值 | 95% CI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 小振幅 | 2.5°/s | 0.79 | 0.06 | <0.001 | 0.66~0.92 |
| 5°/s | 0.81 | 0.06 | <0.001 | 0.69~0.93 | |
| 7.5°/s | 0.82 | 0.06 | <0.001 | 0.70~0.94 | |
| 大振幅 | 2.5°/s | 0.78 | 0.07 | 0.001 | 0.64~0.91 |
| 5°/s | 0.90 | 0.05 | <0.001 | 0.82~0.99 | |
| 7.5°/s | 0.92 | 0.04 | <0.001 | 0.85~0.99 | |
表2两组被试DBPR的ROC检验结果
| 条件 | 面积 | 标准误 | p值 | 95% CI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 小振幅 | 2.5°/s | 0.79 | 0.06 | <0.001 | 0.66~0.92 |
| 5°/s | 0.81 | 0.06 | <0.001 | 0.69~0.93 | |
| 7.5°/s | 0.82 | 0.06 | <0.001 | 0.70~0.94 | |
| 大振幅 | 2.5°/s | 0.78 | 0.07 | 0.001 | 0.64~0.91 |
| 5°/s | 0.90 | 0.05 | <0.001 | 0.82~0.99 | |
| 7.5°/s | 0.92 | 0.04 | <0.001 | 0.85~0.99 | |
表3双眼注视点间距与ABC量表及其各维度的相关[r (CI)]
| 条件 | 感知觉 | 交往 | 躯体运动 | 语言 | 自理 | 总分 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 小振幅 | 2.5°/s | 0.73** [0.48~0.89] | 0.54** [0.19~0.77] | 0.23 [-0.18~0.57] | 0.52** [0.16~0.76] | 0.56** [0.22~0.78] | 0.83** [0.64~0.92] |
| 5°/s | 0.57** [0.23~0.79] | 0.39 [-0.01~0.68] | 0.28 [-0.13~0.61] | 0.19 [-0.22~0.55] | 0.39 [-0.04~0.66] | 0.56** [0.21~0.78] | |
| 7.5°/s | 0.64** [0.33~0.83] | 0.40* [0.01~0.69] | 0.12 [-0.29~0.49] | 0.29 [-0.12~0.62] | 0.66** [0.36~0.84] | 0.66** [0.35~0.84] | |
| 大振幅 | 2.5°/s | 0.59** [0.25~0.80] | 0.49* [0.11~0.74] | 0.25 [-0.16~0.59] | 0.35 [-0.06~0.65] | 0.44* [0.05~0.71] | 0.67** [0.38~0.84] |
| 5°/s | 0.59** [0.25~0.80] | 0.27 [-0.14~0.60] | 0.19 [-0.22~0.55] | 0.29 [-0.12~0.62] | 0.36 [-0.04~0.66] | 0.53** [0.17~0.77] | |
| 7.5°/s | 0.70** [0.42~0.86] | 0.36 [-0.05~0.66] | 0.03 [-0.37~0.42] | 0.22 [-0.20~0.56] | 0.58** [0.24~0.79] | 0.58** [0.24~0.79] | |
表3双眼注视点间距与ABC量表及其各维度的相关[r (CI)]
| 条件 | 感知觉 | 交往 | 躯体运动 | 语言 | 自理 | 总分 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 小振幅 | 2.5°/s | 0.73** [0.48~0.89] | 0.54** [0.19~0.77] | 0.23 [-0.18~0.57] | 0.52** [0.16~0.76] | 0.56** [0.22~0.78] | 0.83** [0.64~0.92] |
| 5°/s | 0.57** [0.23~0.79] | 0.39 [-0.01~0.68] | 0.28 [-0.13~0.61] | 0.19 [-0.22~0.55] | 0.39 [-0.04~0.66] | 0.56** [0.21~0.78] | |
| 7.5°/s | 0.64** [0.33~0.83] | 0.40* [0.01~0.69] | 0.12 [-0.29~0.49] | 0.29 [-0.12~0.62] | 0.66** [0.36~0.84] | 0.66** [0.35~0.84] | |
| 大振幅 | 2.5°/s | 0.59** [0.25~0.80] | 0.49* [0.11~0.74] | 0.25 [-0.16~0.59] | 0.35 [-0.06~0.65] | 0.44* [0.05~0.71] | 0.67** [0.38~0.84] |
| 5°/s | 0.59** [0.25~0.80] | 0.27 [-0.14~0.60] | 0.19 [-0.22~0.55] | 0.29 [-0.12~0.62] | 0.36 [-0.04~0.66] | 0.53** [0.17~0.77] | |
| 7.5°/s | 0.70** [0.42~0.86] | 0.36 [-0.05~0.66] | 0.03 [-0.37~0.42] | 0.22 [-0.20~0.56] | 0.58** [0.24~0.79] | 0.58** [0.24~0.79] | |
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