咨询会谈中的人际互补及其与工作同盟、咨询效果的关系

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倪聪¹^,², 朱旭²(

), 江光荣², 林秀彬², 于丽霞³, 梁焕萍⁴

¹ 湖北经济学院心理健康教育中心, 武汉 430205
² 华中师范大学心理学院, 湖北省人的发展与心理健康重点实验室, 青少年网络心理与行为教育部重点实验室
³ 华中师范大学心理健康教育中心
⁴ 华中师范大学医院, 武汉 430079

收稿日期:2019-02-01出版日期:2020-02-25发布日期:2019-12-24
通讯作者:朱旭E-mail:xzhu@mail.ccnu.edu.cn

基金资助:* 青少年网络心理与行为教育部重点实验室开放课题(2018A02);教育部人文社科青年基金项目(14YJC190028);国家社会科学基金重大招标项目(16ZDA232)

Interpersonal complementarity in counseling and its relationship with working alliance and therapeutic outcomes

NI Cong¹^,², ZHU Xu²(

), JIANG Guangrong², LIN Xiubin², YU Lixia³, LIANG Huanping⁴

¹ Mental Health Education Center, Hubei University of Economics, Wuhan, 430205, China
² School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430079, China
³ Mental Health Education Center, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
⁴ The Hospital of Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China;

Received:2019-02-01Online:2020-02-25Published:2019-12-24
Contact:ZHU Xu E-mail:xzhu@mail.ccnu.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要： Leary的人际理论将人际互动行为划分为“情感”和“控制”两个维度, 互动双方在情感维度的一致性和控制维度的互补性统称为人际互补。为探究心理咨询过程中人际互补的发展趋势及其与工作同盟、咨询效果的关系, 采用电脑操纵杆方法, 编制《咨询会谈人际互补行为评分手册》, 对16个个案的48个心理咨询会谈录像进行评估。结果表明：有经验的咨询师在咨询前期的情感轴一致性高于中期和后期, 在咨询后期的控制轴互补性高于前期和中期, 新手咨询师的情感轴一致性和控制轴互补性均无阶段性差异; 咨询中期的情感轴一致性负向预测工作同盟和会谈深度; 情感轴一致性呈高-低-高发展趋势的个案咨询效果更好。结论: 心理咨询的人际互补三阶段模型得到一定程度的支持, 其作用机制有待进一步验证。

图/表 6

图1操纵杆监控程序界面

图2电脑操纵杆装置示意图

图2电脑操纵杆装置示意图

表1人际互补、工作同盟、会谈深度的描述统计和相关矩阵(n = 16)

咨询阶段	变量	M	SD	WA_当事人	WA_咨询师	D_当事人	D_咨询师	C_互相关	R_互相关	C_绝对值	R_绝对值
中期	WA_当事人	42.94	7.68	1
	WA_咨询师	40.50	8.74	0.22	1
	D_当事人	26.19	5.04	0.79^**	0.24	1
	D_咨询师	23.73	3.63	-0.06	0.48	0.08	1
	C_互相关	0.13	0.12	0.03	-0.09	-0.13	-0.55^*	1
	R_互相关	-0.56	0.14	0.13	0.05	-0.00	-0.15	-0.13	1
	C_绝对值	92.14	63.19	0.72^**	0.16	0.54^*	-0.14	0.06	-0.12	1
	R_绝对值	353.25	124.56	-0.35	-0.04	-0.27	0.45	-0.44	0.07	-0.26	1
后期	WA_当事人	46.20	7.58	1
	WA_咨询师	44.33	9.40	0.42	1
	D_当事人	27.93	4.01	0.77^**	0.57^*	1
	D_咨询师	23.80	6.73	0.21	0.41	0.52^*	1
	C_互相关	0.24	0.15	0.31	0.16	0.12	0.29	1
	R_互相关	-0.62	0.13	-0.24	0.06	-0.09	0.18	-0.30	1
	C_绝对值	65.02	77.76	0.45	-0.14	0.42	0.03	-0.07	-0.10	1
	R_绝对值	330.18	101.41	0.13	-0.07	0.21	0.47	-0.16	-0.09	0.10	1

表1人际互补、工作同盟、会谈深度的描述统计和相关矩阵(n = 16)

咨询阶段	变量	M	SD	WA_当事人	WA_咨询师	D_当事人	D_咨询师	C_互相关	R_互相关	C_绝对值	R_绝对值
中期	WA_当事人	42.94	7.68	1
	WA_咨询师	40.50	8.74	0.22	1
	D_当事人	26.19	5.04	0.79^**	0.24	1
	D_咨询师	23.73	3.63	-0.06	0.48	0.08	1
	C_互相关	0.13	0.12	0.03	-0.09	-0.13	-0.55^*	1
	R_互相关	-0.56	0.14	0.13	0.05	-0.00	-0.15	-0.13	1
	C_绝对值	92.14	63.19	0.72^**	0.16	0.54^*	-0.14	0.06	-0.12	1
	R_绝对值	353.25	124.56	-0.35	-0.04	-0.27	0.45	-0.44	0.07	-0.26	1
后期	WA_当事人	46.20	7.58	1
	WA_咨询师	44.33	9.40	0.42	1
	D_当事人	27.93	4.01	0.77^**	0.57^*	1
	D_咨询师	23.80	6.73	0.21	0.41	0.52^*	1
	C_互相关	0.24	0.15	0.31	0.16	0.12	0.29	1
	R_互相关	-0.62	0.13	-0.24	0.06	-0.09	0.18	-0.30	1
	C_绝对值	65.02	77.76	0.45	-0.14	0.42	0.03	-0.07	-0.10	1
	R_绝对值	330.18	101.41	0.13	-0.07	0.21	0.47	-0.16	-0.09	0.10	1

图3咨询师经验与咨询阶段对情感轴一致性影响的交互作用

图4咨询师经验与咨询阶段对控制轴互补性影响的交互作用

图4咨询师经验与咨询阶段对控制轴互补性影响的交互作用

表2咨询中期会谈深度对人际互补的线性回归(n = 16)

因变量	自变量	回归系数	标准误	标准回归系数	t	p	R²
会谈深度_当事人	情感轴一致性_绝对值	0.043	0.018	0.539	2.396	0.031	0.291
会谈深度_咨询师	情感轴一致性_互相关	-16.419	6.864	-0.553	-2.392	0.033	0.306

表2咨询中期会谈深度对人际互补的线性回归(n = 16)

因变量	自变量	回归系数	标准误	标准回归系数	t	p	R²
会谈深度_当事人	情感轴一致性_绝对值	0.043	0.018	0.539	2.396	0.031	0.291
会谈深度_咨询师	情感轴一致性_互相关	-16.419	6.864	-0.553	-2.392	0.033	0.306

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