工作压力对建设型和防御型建言的差异影响

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卢红旭¹, 周帆², 吴挺³, 严进²(

), 邵闫⁴, 刘艳彬¹

1 浙江大学宁波理工学院商学院, 宁波 315100
2 浙江大学管理学院, 杭州 310058
3 浙江大学城市学院商学院, 杭州 310015
4 阿姆斯特丹大学商学院, 荷兰阿姆斯特丹 1018 TV

收稿日期:2019-04-19出版日期:2019-12-25发布日期:2019-10-21
通讯作者:严进E-mail:yanjin@zju.edu.cn

基金资助:* 国家自然科学基金面上项目(71572175);教育部人文社科青年基金项目(18YJC630111);国家自然科学基金创新研究群体项目资助(71821002)

The divergent effects of work stress on constructive voice and defensive voice: A cross-level of moderated mediation model

LU Hong-Xu¹, ZHOU Fan², WU Ting³, YAN Jin²(

), SHAO Yan⁴, LIU Yan-Bin¹

1 School of Business, Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
2 School of Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
3 School of Business, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou 310015, China
4 Amsterdam Business School, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1018 TV, The Netherlands

Received:2019-04-19Online:2019-12-25Published:2019-10-21
Contact:YAN Jin E-mail:yanjin@zju.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以往研究普遍从建言行为的建设性意图特征出发, 探讨其关键前因、产生机制和情境因素, 但却较少关注建言行为的工具性目的。基于资源保存理论, 本研究构建了有调节的中介模型以探讨工作压力影响员工建设型建言和防御型建言的作用机制和边界条件。通过对某建筑企业386名员工进行两阶段调查, 结果表明：工作压力与防御型建言存在正向相关关系, 与建设型建言存在负向相关关系, 自我损耗在其中起中介作用; 另外, 领导开明性正向调节自我损耗和建设型建言的负向相关关系, 并正向调节工作压力通过自我损耗影响建设型建言的间接效应。

图/表 7

图1研究模型图。

图1研究模型图。

表1测量模型的比较

模型	c²	df	c²/df	CFI	TLI	RMSEA	SRMR
五因子模型	230.11	199	1.16	0.99	0.99	0.02	0.04
四因子模型：合并因变量	892.13	203	4.39	0.78	0.78	0.09	0.11
三因子模型：合并因变量、调节变量	1124.53	206	5.45	0.74	0.74	0.11	0.13
二因子模型：合并中介变量、调节变量、因变量	1979.75	208	9.52	0.50	0.45	0.15	0.15
单因子模型：合并所有研究变量	2588.20	209	12.38	0.33	0.26	0.17	0.17

表1测量模型的比较

模型	c²	df	c²/df	CFI	TLI	RMSEA	SRMR
五因子模型	230.11	199	1.16	0.99	0.99	0.02	0.04
四因子模型：合并因变量	892.13	203	4.39	0.78	0.78	0.09	0.11
三因子模型：合并因变量、调节变量	1124.53	206	5.45	0.74	0.74	0.11	0.13
二因子模型：合并中介变量、调节变量、因变量	1979.75	208	9.52	0.50	0.45	0.15	0.15
单因子模型：合并所有研究变量	2588.20	209	12.38	0.33	0.26	0.17	0.17

表2变量的均值、方差和相关关系

变量	均值	标准差	1	2	3	4	5
1. 工作压力	3.88	0.77	(0.86)
2. 自我损耗	3.89	0.81	0.19**	(0.90)
3. 建设型建言	3.98	0.86	-0.12*	-0.28**	(0.90)
4. 防御型建言	3.71	0.73	0.11*	0.21**	0.08	(0.84)
5. 领导开明性	4.03	0.79	0.11*	0.02	0.01	0.04	(0.73)

表2变量的均值、方差和相关关系

变量	均值	标准差	1	2	3	4	5
1. 工作压力	3.88	0.77	(0.86)
2. 自我损耗	3.89	0.81	0.19**	(0.90)
3. 建设型建言	3.98	0.86	-0.12*	-0.28**	(0.90)
4. 防御型建言	3.71	0.73	0.11*	0.21**	0.08	(0.84)
5. 领导开明性	4.03	0.79	0.11*	0.02	0.01	0.04	(0.73)

表3主效应和中介效应分析

变量	模型 1		模型2	模型3
变量	建设型建言	防御型建言	自我损耗	建设型建言	防御型建言
直接效应
工作压力	-0.14*	0.11*	0.20**	-0.08	0.07
自我损耗				-0.28**	0.17**
间接效应				间接效应的95%置信区间
工作压力 → 自我损耗 → 建设型建言				-0.06 [-0.090, -0.023]
工作压力 → 自我损耗 → 防御型建言				0.03 [0.010, 0.065]
Monte Carlo模拟				95%置信区间, 20, 000次抽样
工作压力 → 自我损耗 → 建设型建言				[-0.094, -0.022]
工作压力 → 自我损耗 → 防御型建言				[0.009, 0.067]

表3主效应和中介效应分析

变量	模型 1		模型2	模型3
变量	建设型建言	防御型建言	自我损耗	建设型建言	防御型建言
直接效应
工作压力	-0.14*	0.11*	0.20**	-0.08	0.07
自我损耗				-0.28**	0.17**
间接效应				间接效应的95%置信区间
工作压力 → 自我损耗 → 建设型建言				-0.06 [-0.090, -0.023]
工作压力 → 自我损耗 → 防御型建言				0.03 [0.010, 0.065]
Monte Carlo模拟				95%置信区间, 20, 000次抽样
工作压力 → 自我损耗 → 建设型建言				[-0.094, -0.022]
工作压力 → 自我损耗 → 防御型建言				[0.009, 0.067]

表4领导开明性的跨水平调节效应分析

分组统计	效应 (P_MX-W)	总效应 (P_MX)	间接效应 95%置信区间
工作压力(X)→自我损耗(M)→建设型建言(Y₁)
低领导开明性(-1 标准差)	-0.36*	-0.02	[-0.207, 0.172]
高领导开明性(+1 标准差)	-0.36*	-0.37**	[-0.577, -0.157]
高低位差异		-0.35*	[-0.640, -0.059]
工作压力(X)→自我损耗(M)→防御型建言(Y₂)
低领导开明性(-1 标准差)	-0.01	0.24*	[0.044, 0.434]
高领导开明性(+1 标准差)	-0.01	0.23**	[0.059, 0.401]
高低位差异		-0.01	[-0.270, 0.252]

表4领导开明性的跨水平调节效应分析

分组统计	效应 (P_MX-W)	总效应 (P_MX)	间接效应 95%置信区间
工作压力(X)→自我损耗(M)→建设型建言(Y₁)
低领导开明性(-1 标准差)	-0.36*	-0.02	[-0.207, 0.172]
高领导开明性(+1 标准差)	-0.36*	-0.37**	[-0.577, -0.157]
高低位差异		-0.35*	[-0.640, -0.059]
工作压力(X)→自我损耗(M)→防御型建言(Y₂)
低领导开明性(-1 标准差)	-0.01	0.24*	[0.044, 0.434]
高领导开明性(+1 标准差)	-0.01	0.23**	[0.059, 0.401]
高低位差异		-0.01	[-0.270, 0.252]

图2领导开明性的跨水平调节效应图

图2领导开明性的跨水平调节效应图

表5领导开明性的跨水平调节-中介效应分析

因变量	调节变量领导开明性	阶段			间接效应
因变量	调节变量领导开明性	效应1 (P_MX)	效应2 (P_YM)	间接效应 (P_{MX }P_YM*)	95%置信区间
建设型建言	低位 (-1标准差)	0.30**	-0.02	-0.01	[-0.063, 0.052]
	高位 (+1标准差)	0.30**	-0.37**	-0.11**	[-0.181, -0.041]
	高低位差异	-0.35*		-0.10*	[-0.201, -0.011]
防御型建言	低位 (-1标准差)	0.30**	0.24*	0.07*	[0.004, 0.141]
	高位 (+1标准差)	0.30**	0.23**	0.07*	[0.006, 0.134]
	高低位差异	-0.01		-0.00	[-0.082, 0.076]

表5领导开明性的跨水平调节-中介效应分析

因变量	调节变量领导开明性	阶段			间接效应
因变量	调节变量领导开明性	效应1 (P_MX)	效应2 (P_YM)	间接效应 (P_{MX }P_YM*)	95%置信区间
建设型建言	低位 (-1标准差)	0.30**	-0.02	-0.01	[-0.063, 0.052]
	高位 (+1标准差)	0.30**	-0.37**	-0.11**	[-0.181, -0.041]
	高低位差异	-0.35*		-0.10*	[-0.201, -0.011]
防御型建言	低位 (-1标准差)	0.30**	0.24*	0.07*	[0.004, 0.141]
	高位 (+1标准差)	0.30**	0.23**	0.07*	[0.006, 0.134]
	高低位差异	-0.01		-0.00	[-0.082, 0.076]

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