) 1四川大学公共管理学院社会学与心理学系
2四川大学心理所, 成都 610065
3清华大学社会科学学院心理学系, 北京 100084
收稿日期:2020-11-27发布日期:2021-06-25通讯作者:廖江群E-mail:liaojq@tsinghua.edu.cn基金资助:国家社会科学基金项目(18BSH114);清华大学自主科研计划(2017THZWYY11)The development of empirical paradigms and their theoretical values in moral dilemma research
LIU Chuanjun1,2,3, LIAO Jiangqun3() 1Department of Sociology and Psychology, School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
2Institute of Psychology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
3Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Received:2020-11-27Published:2021-06-25Contact:LIAO Jiangqun E-mail:liaojq@tsinghua.edu.cn摘要/Abstract
摘要： 通过评述道德困境研究范式的发展过程, 系统阐释了经典两难法、加工分离法、CNI模型法和CAN算法的优缺点和理论价值。后来的研究范式均在一定程度上克服了之前研究范式的局限。加工分离法克服了经典两难法的加工纯粹性假设等局限, CNI模型法在加工分离法基础上进一步分离了道德困境决策的多种心理过程, CAN算法则修正了CNI模型法的序列加工的不恰当预设。研究范式的沿革启示研究者综合应用新方法来解决研究争议和重新审视以往道德理论, 合理应用新方法来探索其他具有潜在冲突性的研究议题。总之, 本文为道德困境及相关研究提供了方法学参考。
图/表 3
图1加工分离法所使用的决策加工树图解, 其中U为Utilitarianism的缩写, 代表功利主义原则驱动程度; D为Deontology的缩写, 代表义务论原则的驱动程度。 资料来源：Conway & Gawronski ( 2013)。
图1加工分离法所使用的决策加工树图解, 其中U为Utilitarianism的缩写, 代表功利主义原则驱动程度; D为Deontology的缩写, 代表义务论原则的驱动程度。 资料来源：Conway & Gawronski ( 2013)。
图2CNI模型的多项式决策加工树图解, 其中C代表结果敏感性, N代表规范敏感性, I代表一般性不接受偏好(Gawronski等认为一般性接受偏好的反应概率与一般性不接受偏好的反应概率之和为1, 因此在模型中仅用一个I参数即可表达)。 资料来源：Gawronski et al. (2017)。
图2CNI模型的多项式决策加工树图解, 其中C代表结果敏感性, N代表规范敏感性, I代表一般性不接受偏好(Gawronski等认为一般性接受偏好的反应概率与一般性不接受偏好的反应概率之和为1, 因此在模型中仅用一个I参数即可表达)。 资料来源：Gawronski et al. (2017)。
图3规范→结果→一般性不接受/接受倾向下的决策加工树模型 资料来源：Liu & Liao ( 2021)。
图3规范→结果→一般性不接受/接受倾向下的决策加工树模型 资料来源：Liu & Liao ( 2021)。参考文献 73
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