), 周彦榜1, 王进3 1南开大学社会心理学系, 天津 300350
2南开大学滨海学院, 天津 300270
3天津职业技术师范大学, 天津 300222
收稿日期:2020-02-29出版日期:2021-03-15发布日期:2021-01-26通讯作者:李强E-mail:liqiangp@126.com基金资助:国家社会科学基金重点项目(19ASH012);天津市教委社会科学重大项目(2018JWZD44)Controversies in terror management theory research and its implications for research on the psychology of death
MENG Xianghan1, LI Qiang1,2(), ZHOU Yanbang1, WANG Jin3 1Department of Social Psychology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
2Binhai College, Nankai University, Tianjin 300270, China
3Tianjin University of Technology and Education, Tianjin 300222, China
Received:2020-02-29Online:2021-03-15Published:2021-01-26Contact:LI Qiang E-mail:liqiangp@126.com摘要/Abstract
摘要： 死亡心理是人类面临死亡及相关事件时所产生的认知、情感和行为意向的复杂心理状态。目前, 研究死亡心理较为全面和科学的理论是恐惧管理理论(Terror Management Theory, 简称TMT)。但该理论存在以下争议: (1)在死亡的基本认知方面, 恐惧管理理论呈现出不一致的研究结果, 如死亡是否与不确定性无关, 死亡是否导致恐惧情绪, 寻求个体生存是否为人类的核心议题; (2)在社会文化层面, 恐惧管理理论提出者的文化背景对待死亡的普遍态度是呈否认的, 但是跨文化的研究显示其他文化背景对待死亡的态度却呈现出接纳或蔑视; (3)在恐惧管理理论的研究结果方面, 呈现出较多的矛盾性, 表明研究中有重要的调节因子未被涉及。基于此, 死亡心理可能的研究方向拟从认知、行为和社会三个层面进行梳理。未来死亡心理研究需秉承科学与文化并重的原则, 并结合死亡心理的内容与过程, 关注群体面对死亡时的心理规律, 开展死亡心理影响下的身心健康干预研究。
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