), 赵晨 对外经济贸易大学国际商学院, 北京 100029
收稿日期:2019-12-05出版日期:2020-12-15发布日期:2020-10-26通讯作者:刘玉新E-mail:liuyuxin@uibe.edu.cn基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(72074024);国家自然科学基金项目(72041002);北京市教育科学“十三五”规划2020年度重点课题：大学生实践活动对其领导力涌现的影响研究(CEAA2020047);国家建设高水平大学公派研究生项目(201806640085)The unidimensional basic psychological need satisfactions from the additive, synergistic and balanced perspectives
CHEN Chen, LIU Yuxin(), ZHAO Chen Business School, University of International Business and Economics, Beijing 100029, China
Received:2019-12-05Online:2020-12-15Published:2020-10-26Contact:LIU Yuxin E-mail:liuyuxin@uibe.edu.cn摘要/Abstract
摘要： 通过聚焦各需要满足(自主、归属或能力满足)间的“异质”性, 单维式基本心理需要满足的探索为基本心理需要满足研究的整体框架提供了重要补充。独立、协同和平衡视角下, 综述了单维式需要满足影响个体的理论基础(内部动机和内化的外部动机的心理机制)和研究现状; 提出并论述了三种需要满足的有限可替代性。未来研究应深化三种视角的需要满足研究、探索需要满足间的补偿效应、单维式需要满足的神经基础和单维式基本需要受阻等。
图/表 2
表1独立、协同和平衡视角下单维式基本心理需要满足研究的对比表
| 视角类型 | 独立视角 | 协同视角 | 平衡视角 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 视角描述 | 自主、归属或能力满足是否会独立地影响个体的成长、整合和幸福。 | 两种或三种需要满足是否会整合性地影响个体的成长、整合和幸福, 聚焦于需要满足间的协同性或交互作用。 | 聚焦于三种需要满足“量”上的均衡性对个体的成长、整合和幸福的影响。 |
| 理论基础 | 自主、归属和能力满足分别通过提供意愿支持、关系支持和积极反馈作用于内部动机和内化的外部动机的心理机制, 进而对个体产生影响。 | 需要满足间通过共享的内部动机和内化的外部动机的心理机制, 进而对个体产生影响。 | 较为平衡的需要满足会通过内部动机和内化水平较高的外部动机的心理机制, 进而对个体产生影响。 |
| 研究意义 | 开始关注三种需要满足间的“异质”性; 论证了每种需要满足的重要性。 | 有助于探索两种或三种需要满足对个体的整合性影响; 论证了需要满足的互补性或可替代性, 即由于交互作用的存在, 某种需要的满足对个体的影响可部分地由另一种需要满足所替代。 | 不仅认可三种需要满足存在“质”的差异, 而且开始关注需要满足“量”上均衡的重要性; 在协同视角回答需要满足“可否”被替代的基础上, 旨在界定某种需要可被替代的底线和边界。与协同视角彼此补充, 相得益彰。 |
表1独立、协同和平衡视角下单维式基本心理需要满足研究的对比表
| 视角类型 | 独立视角 | 协同视角 | 平衡视角 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 视角描述 | 自主、归属或能力满足是否会独立地影响个体的成长、整合和幸福。 | 两种或三种需要满足是否会整合性地影响个体的成长、整合和幸福, 聚焦于需要满足间的协同性或交互作用。 | 聚焦于三种需要满足“量”上的均衡性对个体的成长、整合和幸福的影响。 |
| 理论基础 | 自主、归属和能力满足分别通过提供意愿支持、关系支持和积极反馈作用于内部动机和内化的外部动机的心理机制, 进而对个体产生影响。 | 需要满足间通过共享的内部动机和内化的外部动机的心理机制, 进而对个体产生影响。 | 较为平衡的需要满足会通过内部动机和内化水平较高的外部动机的心理机制, 进而对个体产生影响。 |
| 研究意义 | 开始关注三种需要满足间的“异质”性; 论证了每种需要满足的重要性。 | 有助于探索两种或三种需要满足对个体的整合性影响; 论证了需要满足的互补性或可替代性, 即由于交互作用的存在, 某种需要的满足对个体的影响可部分地由另一种需要满足所替代。 | 不仅认可三种需要满足存在“质”的差异, 而且开始关注需要满足“量”上均衡的重要性; 在协同视角回答需要满足“可否”被替代的基础上, 旨在界定某种需要可被替代的底线和边界。与协同视角彼此补充, 相得益彰。 |
图1单维式基本心理需要满足作用于个体的心理机制和结果变量框架图 资料来源：作者整理
图1单维式基本心理需要满足作用于个体的心理机制和结果变量框架图 资料来源：作者整理参考文献 92
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