) 1 陕西师范大学教育学院, 西安 710062
2 西安市儿童医院, 西安 710002
收稿日期:2020-08-08出版日期:2021-07-15发布日期:2021-05-24通讯作者:赵微E-mail:zhaowei@snnu.edu.cn基金资助:2020年度陕西省社科基金项目(2020P025);2020年度中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目一般项目(20SZYB06)Attention bias to faces in infants and toddlers: Inborn predispositions and developmental changes
JING Wei1, ZHANG Jie2, FU Jinxia1, TIAN Lin2, ZHAO Wei1() 1 College of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
2 Xi’an Children’s Hospital, Xi’an 710002, China
Received:2020-08-08Online:2021-07-15Published:2021-05-24Contact:ZHAO Wei E-mail:zhaowei@snnu.edu.cn摘要/Abstract
摘要： 正常发展(Typically developing, TD)婴儿的先天面孔注意倾向稳定地存在于不同发展阶段不同刺激情景中, 且在生命第一年内呈现短暂下降后快速增强的发展趋势。TD婴幼儿的视觉注意在第4至6周之间发生由皮下控制向皮层控制的关键性转变之后, 伴随面孔视觉经验的不断积累, 逐渐形成的面孔特异性皮层网络对面孔的优先选择性反应逐渐增强。而孤独症谱系(Autism Spectrum Disorder, ASD)婴幼儿具备初始的面孔注意先天倾向, 但在面孔皮层发育关键期内逐渐偏离正常轨道, 在1岁左右表现出面孔注意障碍。该群体先天的感知注意损伤或社会动机缺失可能导致其在关键性转变期内的面孔视觉经验输入不足, 进而阻碍面孔特异性皮层网络的正常发展。未来研究可考虑采用生物遗传学方法和近红外脑成像技术探索新生儿面孔注意先天倾向的起源, 系统考察社会场景中感知觉特征和社会性特征对ASD高危婴儿面孔注意发展轨迹尤其是关键性转变期的影响作用。
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