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陕西省行为与认知心理学重点实验室暨陕西师范大学心理学院, 西安 710062
收稿日期:
2020-06-01出版日期:
2021-05-15发布日期:
2021-03-30通讯作者:
庄想灵E-mail:zhuangxl@snnu.edu.cn基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(31970998)The effect of cell phone distraction on pedestrians’ information processing and behavior during road crossing
WANG Yuhan, MA Guojie, ZHUANG Xiangling(
Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
Received:
2020-06-01Online:
2021-05-15Published:
2021-03-30Contact:
ZHUANG Xiangling E-mail:zhuangxl@snnu.edu.cn摘要/Abstract
摘要: 行人过街时, 因使用手机而造成的伤亡事故持续增长。过街时使用手机对行人信息加工、行为及安全均会产生影响。结果表明:使用手机的行人, 在场景知觉阶段注意范围更狭窄, 在外周视野的注意力明显下降; 过街决策阶段, 更容易错过过街机会或做出更有风险的决策; 运动控制阶段, 使用手机会改变行人步态, 降低其动作稳定性。以上效应还受到行人使用手机方式的调节, 但综合看来, 手机分心提升了行人过街风险, 更容易造成过街事故。最后, 通过建立手机分心对行人过街中信息加工及行为影响的概念模型, 指出未来研究应评估手机分心如何影响行人听觉信息的获取, 以及间隔接受决策的子过程, 从而为后期有针对性地干预提供理论基础。
图/表 3
表1手机分心对行人过街影响的相关文献及其核心研究变量
研究 | 直接后果 | 场景知觉 | 决策 | 运动控制 | |||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
闯红灯 | 走人行道不规范 | 碰撞或几乎碰撞1 | 人车冲突2 | 不等车停下就走 | 剩余安全时间3 | 过街前瞭望 | 过街时瞭望 | 过街前停下或减速 | 过街启动时间4 | 过街前等待时间 | 过街时间 | 变化视盲 | 视觉刺激反应时 | 视觉刺激判断 | 视觉注视指标 | 变化听盲 | 听觉刺激反应时 | 听觉线索探测 | 过街机会决策 | 避障 | 步态 | 动作稳定性 | 走路速度 | 路线偏移 | |
Chen et al. | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ||||||||||||||||||||
Thompson et al. | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||||||||||||||||||
张存保 等, | ● | ● | ● | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Hatfield & Murphy, | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||||||||||||||||
Pe?i?et al. | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||||||||||||||||||
Byington et al. | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||||||||||||||||
Murray, | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||||||||||||||||||
Neider et al. | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||||||||||||||||||
Schwebel et al. | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||||||||||||||||||
Stavrinos et al. | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||||||||||||||||||
Stavrinos et al. | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||||||||||||||||||
张存保 等, | ● | ● | ● | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Tapiro et al. | ● | ● | ● | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Jiang et al. | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||||||||||||||||||
Walker et al. | ● | ● | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Jr Hyman et al. 2010 | ● | ● | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Jr Hyman et al. 2014 | ● | ● | |||||||||||||||||||||||
McCarley et al. | ● | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Haga et al. | ● | ● | ● | ||||||||||||||||||||||
研究 | 直接后果 | 场景知觉 | 决策 | 运动控制 | |||||||||||||||||||||
闯红灯 | 走人行道不规范 | 碰撞或几乎碰撞1 | 人车冲突2 | 不等车停下就走 | 剩余安全时间3 | 过街前瞭望 | 过街时瞭望 | 过街前停下或减速 | 过街启动时间4 | 过街前等待时间 | 过街时间 | 变化视盲 | 视觉刺激反应时 | 视觉刺激判断 | 视觉注视指标 | 变化听盲 | 听觉刺激反应时 | 听觉线索探测 | 过街机会决策 | 避障 | 步态 | 动作稳定性 | 走路速度 | 路线偏移 | |
Courtemanche et al. | ● | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Feld & Plummer. | ● | ● | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Lim et al. | ● | ● | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Lin & Huang, | ● | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Timmis et al. | ● | ● | ● | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Yoshiki et al. | ● | ● | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Davis & Barton, | ● | ● | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Licence et al. | ● | ● | ● | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Lamberg & Muratori, | ● | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Magnani et al. | ● | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Plummer et al. | ● | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Prupetkaew et al. | ● | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tian et al. | ● | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Marone et al. | ● | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Schabrun et al.. | ● | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
关注该因变量的研究总计(篇) | 3 | 3 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 12 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 7 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 8 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 | 3 | 8 | 3 | 4 | 1 |
表1手机分心对行人过街影响的相关文献及其核心研究变量
研究 | 直接后果 | 场景知觉 | 决策 | 运动控制 | |||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
闯红灯 | 走人行道不规范 | 碰撞或几乎碰撞1 | 人车冲突2 | 不等车停下就走 | 剩余安全时间3 | 过街前瞭望 | 过街时瞭望 | 过街前停下或减速 | 过街启动时间4 | 过街前等待时间 | 过街时间 | 变化视盲 | 视觉刺激反应时 | 视觉刺激判断 | 视觉注视指标 | 变化听盲 | 听觉刺激反应时 | 听觉线索探测 | 过街机会决策 | 避障 | 步态 | 动作稳定性 | 走路速度 | 路线偏移 | |
Chen et al. | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ||||||||||||||||||||
Thompson et al. | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||||||||||||||||||
张存保 等, | ● | ● | ● | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Hatfield & Murphy, | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||||||||||||||||
Pe?i?et al. | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||||||||||||||||||
Byington et al. | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||||||||||||||||
Murray, | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||||||||||||||||||
Neider et al. | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||||||||||||||||||
Schwebel et al. | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||||||||||||||||||
Stavrinos et al. | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||||||||||||||||||
Stavrinos et al. | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||||||||||||||||||
张存保 等, | ● | ● | ● | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Tapiro et al. | ● | ● | ● | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Jiang et al. | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||||||||||||||||||
Walker et al. | ● | ● | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Jr Hyman et al. 2010 | ● | ● | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Jr Hyman et al. 2014 | ● | ● | |||||||||||||||||||||||
McCarley et al. | ● | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Haga et al. | ● | ● | ● | ||||||||||||||||||||||
研究 | 直接后果 | 场景知觉 | 决策 | 运动控制 | |||||||||||||||||||||
闯红灯 | 走人行道不规范 | 碰撞或几乎碰撞1 | 人车冲突2 | 不等车停下就走 | 剩余安全时间3 | 过街前瞭望 | 过街时瞭望 | 过街前停下或减速 | 过街启动时间4 | 过街前等待时间 | 过街时间 | 变化视盲 | 视觉刺激反应时 | 视觉刺激判断 | 视觉注视指标 | 变化听盲 | 听觉刺激反应时 | 听觉线索探测 | 过街机会决策 | 避障 | 步态 | 动作稳定性 | 走路速度 | 路线偏移 | |
Courtemanche et al. | ● | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Feld & Plummer. | ● | ● | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Lim et al. | ● | ● | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Lin & Huang, | ● | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Timmis et al. | ● | ● | ● | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Yoshiki et al. | ● | ● | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Davis & Barton, | ● | ● | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Licence et al. | ● | ● | ● | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Lamberg & Muratori, | ● | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Magnani et al. | ● | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Plummer et al. | ● | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Prupetkaew et al. | ● | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tian et al. | ● | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Marone et al. | ● | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Schabrun et al.. | ● | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
关注该因变量的研究总计(篇) | 3 | 3 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 12 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 7 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 8 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 | 3 | 8 | 3 | 4 | 1 |
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图1手机分心对行人过街干扰相关文献的归纳图
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图2手机分心对行人过街信息加工和行为干扰的概念模型
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