
南京师范大学文学院, 南京 210097
收稿日期:
2017-12-27出版日期:
2018-10-15发布日期:
2018-08-27通讯作者:
梁丹丹E-mail:ldd233@sina.com基金资助:
*江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD)Word segmentation cues in the process of spoken language
YU Wenbo, LIANG Dandan(
School of Chinese Language and Culture, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097, China
Received:
2017-12-27Online:
2018-10-15Published:
2018-08-27Contact:
LIANG Dandan E-mail:ldd233@sina.com摘要/Abstract
摘要: 词是语言的基本结构单位, 对词语进行切分是语言加工的重要步骤。口语语流中的切分线索来自于语音、语义和语法三个方面。语音线索包括概率信息、音位配列规则和韵律信息, 韵律信息中还包括词重音、时长和音高等内容, 这些线索的使用在接触语言的早期阶段就逐渐被个体所掌握, 而且在不同的语言背景下有一定的特异性。语法和语义线索属于较高级的线索机制, 主要作用于词语切分过程的后期。后续研究应从语言的毕生发展和语言的特异性两个方面考察口语语言加工中的词语切分线索。
图/表 1

图1实验材料示意图(资料来源:Dilley & McAuley, 2008)

参考文献 71
1 | 端木三 . ( 2000). 汉语的节奏. 当代语言学, ( 4), 203-209. |
2 | 冯胜利 . ( 1998). 论汉语的 “自然音步”. 中国语文, ( 1), 40-47. |
3 | 何善芬 . ( 1989). 英语超音段音位及其辨义功能. 外国语, ( 6), 66-69. |
4 | 李勇, 魏珰, 王柳渝 . ( 2017). 基于PSOLA与DCT的情感语音合成方法. 计算机工程, ( 12), 278-282. |
5 | 李卫君, 杨玉芳 . ( 2010). 绝句韵律边界的认知加工及其脑电效应. 心理学报, 42( 11), 1021-1032. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2010.01021URL |
6 | 唐溢, 张智君, 曾玫媚, 黄可, 刘炜, 赵亚军 . ( 2015). 基于名人面孔视觉特征和语义信息的视觉统计学习. 心理学报, 47( 7), 837-850. |
7 | 王理嘉 . ( 1991). 音系学基础. 北京: 语文出版社. |
8 | 林焘, 王理嘉 . ( 2013). 语音学教程. 北京: 北京大学出版社. |
9 | 徐通锵 . ( 2001). 基础语言学教程. 北京: 北京大学出版社. |
10 | 徐通锵 . ( 2010). 徐通锵文选. 北京: 北京大学出版社. |
11 | 许希明, 沈家煊 . ( 2016). 英汉语重音的音系差异. 外语教学与研究, 49( 5), 643-656. |
12 | 杨玉芳, 黄贤军, 高路 . ( 2006). 韵律特征研究. 心理科学进展, 14( 4), 546-550. |
13 | 张辉, 孙和涛, 顾介鑫 . ( 2013). 成语加工中韵律与句法互动的事件相关电位研究. 外国语: 上海外国语大学学报, ( 1), 22-31. |
14 | 张珊珊, 杨亦鸣 . ( 2012). 从记忆编码加工看人脑中的基本语言单位——一项基于单音节语言单位的 ERPs 研究. 外语与外语教学, ( 2), 1-6. |
15 | Abboub N., Nazzi T., & Gervain J . ( 2016). Prosodic grouping at birth. Brain and Language, 162, 46-59. doi: 10.1016/j.bandl.2016.08.002URL |
16 | Ambridge B., Kidd E., Rowland C. F., & Theakston A. L . ( 2015). The ubiquity of frequency effects in first language acquisition. Journal of Child Language, 42( 2), 239-273. doi: 10.1017/S030500091400049XURLpmid: 25644408 |
17 | Ambridge B. , & Lieven, E. V. M.( 2011) . Child language acquisition: Contrasting theoretical approaches Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Contrasting theoretical approaches. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. |
18 | Aslin R. N., Saffran J. R., & Newport E. L . ( 1998). Computation of conditional probability statistics by 8-month-old infants. Psychological Science, 9( 4), 321-324. doi: 10.1111/1467-9280.00063URL |
19 | Babineau M., Shi R., & Achim A . ( 2017). Contextual factors in lexical processing: The case of French Liaison. Language, Cognition and Neuroscience, 32( 4), 457-470. doi: 10.1080/23273798.2016.1239022URL |
20 | Baese-Berk M. M., Heffner C. C., Dilley L. C., Pitt M. A., Morrill T. H., & McAuley J. D . ( 2014). Long-term temporal tracking of speech rate affects spoken-word recognition. Psychological Science, 25( 8), 1546-1553. doi: 10.1177/0956797614533705URLpmid: 24907119 |
21 | Bolton, T. L . ( 1894). Rhythm. The American Journal of Psychology, 6( 2), 145-238. doi: 10.2307/1410948URL |
22 | Bonatti L. L., Peña M., Nespor M., & Mehler J . ( 2005). Linguistic constraints on statistical computations: The role of consonants and vowels in continuous speech processing. Psychological Science, 16( 6), 451-459. |
23 | Brown M., Dilley L. C., & Tanenhaus M. K . ( 2012, January). Real-time expectations based on context speech rate can cause words to appear or disappear. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society. Austion, TX. |
24 | Brown M., Salverda A. P., Dilley L. C., & Tanenhaus M. K . ( 2015). Metrical expectations from preceding prosody influence perception of lexical stress. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 41( 2), 306-323. doi: 10.1037/a0038689URLpmid: 25621583 |
25 | Christophe A., Peperkamp S., Pallier C., Block E., & Mehler J . ( 2004). Phonological phrase boundaries constrain lexical access I. Adult data. Journal of Memory and Language, 51( 4), 523-547. doi: 10.1016/j.jml.2004.07.002URL |
26 | Cole R. A., Jakimik J., & Cooper W. E . ( 1980). Segmenting speech into words. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 67( 4), 1323-1332. doi: 10.1121/1.384185URL |
27 | Cutler A., & Carter, D. M . ( 1987). The predominance of strong initial syllables in the English vocabulary. Computer Speech & Language, 2( 3-4), 133-142. doi: 10.1016/0885-2308(87)90004-0URL |
28 | Cutler A., & Norris, D. ( 1988). The role of strong syllables in segmentation for lexical access. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 14( 1), 113-121. doi: 10.1037/0096-1523.14.1.113URL |
29 | Cutler A., & Otake, T. ( 1994). Mora or phoneme? Further evidence for language-specific listening. Journal of Memory and Language, 33( 6), 824-844. doi: 10.1006/jmla.1994.1039URL |
30 | De Saussure F., , & Baskin, W. ( 1916). Course in general linguistics. London: Duckworth. |
31 | Dilley L. C., & McAuley, J. D . ( 2008). Distal prosodic context affects word segmentation and lexical processing. Journal of Memory and Language, 59( 3), 294-311. doi: 10.1016/j.jml.2008.06.006URL |
32 | Dilley L. C., Mattys S. L., & Vinke L . ( 2010). Potent prosody: Comparing the effects of distal prosody, proximal prosody, and semantic context on word segmentation. Journal of Memory and Language, 63( 3), 274-294. doi: 10.1016/j.jml.2010.06.003URL |
33 | Dilley L. C., & Pitt, M. A . ( 2010). Altering context speech rate can cause words to appear or disappear. Psychological Science, 21( 11), 1664-1670. doi: 10.1177/0956797610384743URL |
34 | Ding N., Lucia M., Zhang H., Tian X., & Poeppel D . ( 2016). Cortical tracking of hierarchical linguistic structures in connected speech. Nature Neuroscience, 19( 1), 158-164. doi: 10.1038/nn.4186URLpmid: 4809195 |
35 | Endress A. D., & Mehler, J. ( 2009). The surprising power of statistical learning: When fragment knowledge leads to false memories of unheard words. Journal of Memory and Language, 60( 3), 351-367. doi: 10.1016/j.jml.2008.10.003URL |
36 | Estes, K. G . ( 2012). Infants generalize representations of statistically segmented words. Frontiers in Psychology, 3( 3), 447. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00447URLpmid: 3482870 |
37 | Erickson L. C., Thiessen E. D., & Estes K. G . ( 2014). Statistically coherent labels facilitate categorization in 8-month-olds. Journal of Memory and Language, 72, 49-58. doi: 10.1016/j.jml.2014.01.002URL |
38 | Frost R. L. A., Monaghan P., & Tatsumi T . ( 2017). Domain- general mechanisms for speech segmentation: The role of duration information in language learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception and Performance, 43( 3), 466-476. doi: 10.1037/xhp0000325URL |
39 | Gómez D. M., Mok P., Ordin M., Mehler J., & Nespor M . ( 2017). Statistical speech segmentation in tone languages: The role of lexical tones. Language and Speech, 61( 1), 84-96. doi: 10.1177/0023830917706529URL |
40 | Gout A., Christophe A., & Morgan J. L . ( 2004). Phonological phrase boundaries constrain lexical access II. Infant data. Journal of Memory and Language, 51( 4), 548-567. doi: 10.1016/j.jml.2004.07.002URL |
41 | Hayes B., ( 1995). Metrical stress theory: Principles and case studies. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. |
42 | Heffner C. C., Dilley L. C., McAuley J. D., & Pitt M. A . ( 2013). When cues combine: How distal and proximal acoustic cues are integrated in word segmentation. Language and Cognitive Processes, 28( 9), 1275-1302. doi: 10.1080/01690965.2012.672229URL |
43 | Hyman, L. M . ( 2009). How (not) to do phonological typology: the case of pitch-accent. Language Sciences, 31( 2-3), 213-238. doi: 10.1016/j.langsci.2008.12.007URL |
44 | Jusczyk P. W., Houston D. M., & Newsome M . ( 1999). The beginnings of word segmentation in English-learning infants. Cognitive Psychology, 39( 3), 159-207. doi: 10.1006/cogp.1999.0716URLpmid: 10631011 |
45 | LaCross A., Liss J., Barragan B., Adams A., Berisha V., McAuliffe M., & Fromont R . ( 2016). The role of stress and word size in Spanish speech segmentation. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 140( 6), EL484-EL490. doi: 10.1121/1.4971227URLpmid: 28040010 |
46 | Lai W., & Dilley, L. ( 2016). Cross-linguistic generalization of the distal rate effect: Speech rate in context affects whether listeners hear a function word in Chinese Mandarin. Proceedings of 2016 Speech Prosody, Boston, MA. |
47 | Langus A., Seyed-Allaei S., Uysal E., Pirmoradian S., Marino C., Asaadi S., .. Nespor M . ( 2016). Listening natively across perceptual domains?. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 42( 7), 1127-1139. doi: 10.1037/xlm0000226URLpmid: 26820498 |
48 | Lew‐Williams C., Pelucchi B., & Saffran J. R . ( 2011). Isolated words enhance statistical language learning in infancy. Developmental Science, 14( 6), 1323-1329. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2011.01079.xURLpmid: 3280507 |
49 | Mattys, S. L . ( 2004). Stress versus coarticulation: Toward an integrated approach to explicit speech segmentation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 30( 2), 397-408. doi: 10.1037/0096-1523.30.2.397URLpmid: 15053697 |
50 | Mattys S. L., Melhorn J. F., & White L . ( 2007). Effects of syntactic expectations on speech segmentation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 33( 4), 960-977. doi: 10.1037/0096-1523.33.4.960URLpmid: 17683240 |
51 | Mattys S. L., White L., & Melhorn J. F . ( 2005). Integration of multiple speech segmentation cues: A hierarchical framework. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 134( 4), 477-500. doi: 10.1037/0096-3445.134.4.477URLpmid: 16316287 |
52 | McQueen, J. M . ( 1998). Segmentation of continuous speech using phonotactics. Journal of Memory and Language, 39( 1), 21-46. doi: 10.1006/jmla.1998.2568URL |
53 | Newport, E. L . ( 2016). Statistical language learning: Computational, maturational, and linguistic constraints. Language and Cognition, 8( 3), 447-461. doi: 10.1017/langcog.2016.20URLpmid: 5495188 |
54 | Mehler J., Dommergues J. Y., Frauenfelder U., & Segui J . ( 1981). The syllable's role in speech segmentation. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 20( 3), 298-305. doi: 10.1016/S0022-5371(81)90450-3URL |
55 | Morrill T. H., Dilley L. C., McAuley J. D., & Pitt M. A . ( 2014). Distal rhythm influences whether or not listeners hear a word in continuous speech: Support for a perceptual grouping hypothesis. Cognition, 131( 1), 69-74. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2013.12.006URL |
56 | Morrill T., Baese-Berk M., Heffner C., & Dilley L . ( 2015). Interactions between distal speech rate, linguistic knowledge, and speech environment. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 22( 5), 1451-1457. doi: 10.3758/s13423-015-0820-9URLpmid: 25794478 |
57 | Norris D., Mcqueen J. M., & Cutler A . ( 1995). Competition and segmentation in spoken-word recognition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 21( 5), 1209-1228. doi: 10.1037/0278-7393.21.5.1209URLpmid: 8744962 |
58 | Norris D., McQueen J. M., Cutler A., & Butterfield S . ( 1997). The possible-word constraint in the segmentation of continuous speech. Cognitive Psychology, 34( 3), 191-243. doi: 10.1006/cogp.1997.0671URLpmid: 9466831 |
59 | Perruchet P., & Poulin-Charronnat, B. ( 2012). Beyond transitional probability computations: Extracting word-like units when only statistical information is available. Journal of Memory and Language, 66( 4), 807-818. doi: 10.1016/j.jml.2012.02.010URL |
60 | Reinisch E., ( 2016). Natural fast speech is perceived as faster than linearly time-compressed speech. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 78( 4), 1203-1217. doi: 10.3758/s13414-016-1067-xURLpmid: 26860711 |
61 | Roy B. C., Frank M. C., DeCamp P., Miller M., & Roy D . ( 2015). Predicting the birth of a spoken word. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United of America, 112( 41), 12663-12668. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1419773112URLpmid: 26392523 |
62 | Saffran J. R., & Kirkham, N. Z . ( 2018). Infant statistical learning. Annual Review of Psychology, 69, 181-203. doi: 10.1146/annurev-psych-122216-011805URL |
63 | Saffran J. R., Aslin R. N., & Newport E. L . ( 1996). Statistical learning by 8-month-old infants. Science, 274, 1926-1928. doi: 10.1126/science.274.5294.1926URL |
64 | Saffran J. R., Newport E. L., & Aslin R. N . ( 1996). Word segmentation: The role of distributional cues. Journal of Memory and Language, 35( 4), 606-621. doi: 10.1006/jmla.1996.0032URL |
65 | Shatzman K. B., & McQueen, J. M . ( 2006). Segment duration as a cue to word boundaries in spoken-word recognition. Perception, & Psychophysics, 68( 1), 1-16. doi: 10.3758/BF03193651URLpmid: 16617825 |
66 | Skoruppa K., Nevins A., Gillard A., & Rosen S . ( 2015). The role of vowel phonotactics in native speech segmentation. Journal of Phonetics, 49, 67-76. doi: 10.1016/j.wocn.2014.10.007URL |
67 | Steinhauer K., Alter K., & Friederici A. D . ( 1999). Brain potentials indicate immediate use of prosodic cues in natural speech processing. Nature Neuroscience, 2( 2), 191-196. doi: 10.1038/5757URLpmid: 10195205 |
68 | Suomi K., McQueen J. M., & Cutler A . ( 1997). Vowel harmony and speech segmentation in Finnish. Journal of Memory and Language, 36( 3), 422-444. doi: 10.1006/jmla.1996.2495URL |
69 | Tremblay A., & Spinell, E. ( 2013). Segmenting liaison-initial words: The role of predictive dependencies. Language and Cognitive Processes, 28( 8), 1093-1113. doi: 10.1080/01690965.2012.689306URL |
70 | White L., Mattys S. L., & Wiget L . ( 2012). Segmentation cues in conversational speech: Robust semantics and fragile phonotactics. Frontiers in Psychology, 3, 375. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00375URLpmid: 3464055 |
71 | Woodrow H., ( 1909). A quantitative study of rhythm: The effect of variations in intensity, rate and duration. New York: Science Press. |
相关文章 15
[1] | 殷融, 赵嘉. 语法的进化连续性及进化起源解释[J]. 心理科学进展, 2021, 29(7): 1264-1278. |
[2] | 李雨桐, 隋雪. 词汇共现频率视角下语义联想效应及其神经机制[J]. 心理科学进展, 2021, 29(1): 112-122. |
[3] | 陈钰, 莫李澄, 毕蓉, 张丹丹. 新生儿语音感知的神经基础:元分析[J]. 心理科学进展, 2020, 28(8): 1273-1281. |
[4] | 程士静, 何文广. 语义认知的习得、发展和老化及其神经机制[J]. 心理科学进展, 2020, 28(7): 1156-1163. |
[5] | 刘文娟, 董及美, 崔梦舒, 陈功香. 成人在语境中的母语词汇意义学习[J]. 心理科学进展, 2019, 27(9): 1574-1584. |
[6] | 曹艺, 杨小虎. 精神分裂症患者的语音感知[J]. 心理科学进展, 2019, 27(6): 1025-1035. |
[7] | 臧传丽, 鹿子佳, 张志超. 语义和句法信息在副中央凹加工中的作用[J]. 心理科学进展, 2019, 27(1): 11-19. |
[8] | 屈青青, 刘维琳, 李兴珊. 汉语言语产生的语音加工单元——基于音位的研究[J]. 心理科学进展, 2018, 26(9): 1535-1544. |
[9] | 杨剑峰, 党敏, 张瑞, 王小娟. 汉字阅读的语义神经回路及其与语音回路的协作机制[J]. 心理科学进展, 2018, 26(3): 381-390. |
[10] | 胡晶晶, 曹立人, John Mollonb. 掩蔽刺激与目标刺激的语义相似度对掩蔽效果的影响[J]. 心理科学进展, 2017, 25(suppl.): 4-4. |
[11] | 邓之君, 吴慧中, 陈英和. 数字空间联结的工作记忆机制[J]. 心理科学进展, 2017, 25(9): 1492-1502. |
[12] | 戴好运;徐晓东. 违实语义的加工机制[J]. 心理科学进展, 2017, 25(5): 769-777. |
[13] | 赵楠;公艳艳;赵亮;陈强;王勇慧. 行动语义、客体背景和判断任务对客体动作承载性的影响[J]. 心理科学进展, 2016, 24(11): 1747-1757. |
[14] | 任桂琴;陈烜之;邹晓燕;曲可佳. 幼儿汉语口语感知特点及神经机制[J]. 心理科学进展, 2016, 24(1): 1-8. |
[15] | 李松清;赵庆柏;周治金;张依. 多媒体学习中图文加工的认知神经机制[J]. 心理科学进展, 2015, 23(8): 1361-1370. |
PDF全文下载地址:
http://journal.psych.ac.cn/xlkxjz/CN/article/downloadArticleFile.do?attachType=PDF&id=4474