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自闭症谱系障碍者抑制控制的影响因素及神经机制

本站小编 Free考研考试/2022-01-01

孙岩1(), 房林1, 王亭予1, 崔丽2
1辽宁师范大学心理学院, 大连 116029
2大连小海豚自闭症儿童康复中心, 大连 116000
收稿日期:2017-05-31出版日期:2018-08-15发布日期:2018-07-02
通讯作者:孙岩E-mail:sun9199@163.com

基金资助:教育部人文社会科学规划基金项目(17YJA190011)

The influence factors and neural mechanisms of inhibitory control in autism spectrum disorders

SUN Yan1(), FANG Lin1, WANG Tingyu1, CUI Li2
1 Department of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China
2 Dalian Little Dolphin Autism Care Center, Dalian 116000, China
Received:2017-05-31Online:2018-08-15Published:2018-07-02
Contact:SUN Yan E-mail:sun9199@163.com






摘要/Abstract


摘要: 自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)是一种起源于儿童期的神经发育障碍, ASD的重复刻板行为与其抑制控制发展有密切关系。使用Go/No-go、Flanker及Stroop等范式的研究发现, ASD者抑制控制受损主要表现为反应抑制和干扰抑制能力存在缺陷; 其主要影响因素是任务状态、被试年龄及取样; 涉及的脑区和脑网络集中在前额皮层、前扣带回和基底神经节; 涉及的基因集中在谷氨酸盐、γ-氨基丁酸与5-羟色胺三种神经递质。未来应从脑机制研究入手, 综合考虑任务状态、个体特征对研究结果造成的影响, 并着力开发更有效的干预模式。


表1ASD与正常被试抑制控制相关脑区激活的比较
资料来源 被试及数量 年龄范围(岁) 任务范式 测量工具 研究结果
Schmitz
et al., 2006
ASD:8
正常组:10
18~52 Go/No-go任务
Stroop任务
fMRI ASD组左下眶额叶皮层、右IFG与左脑岛激活显著增加, 右侧额下回灰质密度增加
Kana et al.,
2007
ASD:12
正常组:12
19.1~34.5
19.3~25.7
包含有工作记忆成分的Go/No-go任务 fMRI ASD组ACC激活降低, 前脑岛激活减少; ACC与右侧额-顶抑制脑网络的同步性更低
Chan
et al., 2011
ASD:20
正常组:20
7~14
7~14
Go/No-go任务 EEG ASD组在No-go条件下的ACC激活显著低于正常组
Langen
et al., 2012
ASD:21
正常组:22
19~44
19~44
Go/No-go任务 sMRI (structural MRI)
DTI (diffusion
tensor imaging)
ASD大脑总体白质体积显著小于正常被试, 连接壳核与前额皮层之间的白质连接强度减弱
Duerden
et al., 2013
ASD:19
正常组:20
19.6~39.4
20.8~43.4
面孔表情识别的
Go/No-go任务
fMRI 正常组激活VLPFC、DLPFC、楔前叶、ACC、前脑岛、梭状回、顶下小叶和颞中回, ASD组的VLPFC和右侧梭状回激活更大
Daly
et al., 2014
ASD:14
正常组:14
18~44
20~42
Go/No-go任务 fMRI ASD组的额下皮质区、基底神经节、丘脑、小脑存在激活异常
Solomon
et al., 2014
ASD1:13
ASD2:14
正常组1:13
正常组2:14
12~15
16~18
12~15
16~18
准备执行优势反应抑制任务(Preparing to Overcome Prepotency “POP” Task ) fMRI 16~18岁组的ASD在VLPFC和双侧ACC之间的功能连接增强, 16~18岁组的ASD的左顶叶激活减少
Padmanabhan et al., 2015 ASD1: 8
ASD2: 11
正常组1:14
正常组2:9
19~33
13~17
18~31
12~17
反眼跳任务与视觉
引导任务(visually
guided saccade, VGS)
fMRI ASD青少年壳核与楔前叶激活更大, 顶下小叶的激活水平下降
Velasquez
et al., 2017
ASD: 19
正常组:22
18~35
20~46
面孔表情识别
Go/No-go任务
fMRI ASD组角回与梭状回激活更大, ASD组ACC与楔前叶激活降低

表1ASD与正常被试抑制控制相关脑区激活的比较
资料来源 被试及数量 年龄范围(岁) 任务范式 测量工具 研究结果
Schmitz
et al., 2006
ASD:8
正常组:10
18~52 Go/No-go任务
Stroop任务
fMRI ASD组左下眶额叶皮层、右IFG与左脑岛激活显著增加, 右侧额下回灰质密度增加
Kana et al.,
2007
ASD:12
正常组:12
19.1~34.5
19.3~25.7
包含有工作记忆成分的Go/No-go任务 fMRI ASD组ACC激活降低, 前脑岛激活减少; ACC与右侧额-顶抑制脑网络的同步性更低
Chan
et al., 2011
ASD:20
正常组:20
7~14
7~14
Go/No-go任务 EEG ASD组在No-go条件下的ACC激活显著低于正常组
Langen
et al., 2012
ASD:21
正常组:22
19~44
19~44
Go/No-go任务 sMRI (structural MRI)
DTI (diffusion
tensor imaging)
ASD大脑总体白质体积显著小于正常被试, 连接壳核与前额皮层之间的白质连接强度减弱
Duerden
et al., 2013
ASD:19
正常组:20
19.6~39.4
20.8~43.4
面孔表情识别的
Go/No-go任务
fMRI 正常组激活VLPFC、DLPFC、楔前叶、ACC、前脑岛、梭状回、顶下小叶和颞中回, ASD组的VLPFC和右侧梭状回激活更大
Daly
et al., 2014
ASD:14
正常组:14
18~44
20~42
Go/No-go任务 fMRI ASD组的额下皮质区、基底神经节、丘脑、小脑存在激活异常
Solomon
et al., 2014
ASD1:13
ASD2:14
正常组1:13
正常组2:14
12~15
16~18
12~15
16~18
准备执行优势反应抑制任务(Preparing to Overcome Prepotency “POP” Task ) fMRI 16~18岁组的ASD在VLPFC和双侧ACC之间的功能连接增强, 16~18岁组的ASD的左顶叶激活减少
Padmanabhan et al., 2015 ASD1: 8
ASD2: 11
正常组1:14
正常组2:9
19~33
13~17
18~31
12~17
反眼跳任务与视觉
引导任务(visually
guided saccade, VGS)
fMRI ASD青少年壳核与楔前叶激活更大, 顶下小叶的激活水平下降
Velasquez
et al., 2017
ASD: 19
正常组:22
18~35
20~46
面孔表情识别
Go/No-go任务
fMRI ASD组角回与梭状回激活更大, ASD组ACC与楔前叶激活降低







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