), 梅颖1,2,3, 张文海4, 李红1,2,3 1深圳大学心理与社会学院
2深圳市情绪与社会认知科学重点实验室
3深圳市神经科学研究院, 深圳 518000
4江苏省盐城工学院心理健康教育中心, 盐城 224003
收稿日期:2017-02-23出版日期:2018-08-15发布日期:2018-07-02通讯作者:雷怡E-mail:yutian@szu.edu.cnn基金资助:国家自然科学基金面上项目(31571153);国家自然科学基金面上项目(31470997);广东省普通高校创新团队建设项目(2015KCXTD009);深圳市基础学科布局项目(JCYJ20150729104249783)The neural mechanism of fear generalization based on perception
LEI Yi1,2,3(), MEI Ying1,2,3, ZHANG Wenhai4, LI Hong1,2,3 1 School of Psychology and Sociology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
2 Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Emotion and Social Cognition Science, Shenzhen 518000, China
3 Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen 518000, China
4 Yancheng Institute of Jiangsu Province Mental Health Education Center, Yancheng 224003, China
Received:2017-02-23Online:2018-08-15Published:2018-07-02Contact:LEI Yi E-mail:yutian@szu.edu.cnn摘要/Abstract
摘要： 恐惧泛化是条件性恐惧反应转移到另一个相似但安全的刺激的现象。适当的恐惧泛化对人类有积极意义, 而过度的恐惧泛化则不利于个体有效地适应环境。基于知觉的恐惧泛化研究揭示了恐惧泛化的规律, 因而被广泛应用。本文首先梳理了对知觉恐惧泛化的相关研究, 介绍恐惧泛化的经典理论基础—巴普洛夫条件反射以及恐惧泛化梯度; 其次简要回顾基于多个感觉通道(即视觉、听觉、情景)的知觉恐惧泛化研究现状; 再次, 分别对海马、杏仁核、脑岛和前额叶等脑区在恐惧泛化中的作用进行回顾, 进一步总结出恐惧泛化的神经环路结构模型。最后, 简要区分了基于知觉的恐惧泛化和正在兴起的基于概念的恐惧泛化, 进而指出未来研究需要结合基于概念的恐惧泛化、区分被试对刺激的辨别力、增加恐惧刺激材料的准确性及多样化、结合激素等个体差异和多模态脑成像数据来展开。
图/表 2
图1知觉恐惧泛化梯度注：改编自Struyf等(2015)。横坐标代表刺激特征即GS与CS+的相似程度, 越靠近CS+的刺激和CS+的相似程度越高, 越远则相似程度越低; 纵坐标即代表个体的反应强度。GS到CS+的曲线越平缓代表泛化越广, 辨别学习能力弱(黑线); GS到CS+的曲线越陡峭则代表泛化较小或是辨别学习能力强(灰线)。
图1知觉恐惧泛化梯度注：改编自Struyf等(2015)。横坐标代表刺激特征即GS与CS+的相似程度, 越靠近CS+的刺激和CS+的相似程度越高, 越远则相似程度越低; 纵坐标即代表个体的反应强度。GS到CS+的曲线越平缓代表泛化越广, 辨别学习能力弱(黑线); GS到CS+的曲线越陡峭则代表泛化较小或是辨别学习能力强(灰线)。
图2恐惧泛化神经回路注：如图初级感觉皮层部分, 不同的刺激引发对应的皮层相应。听觉刺激激活初级听觉皮层; 面孔刺激激活梭状回, 简单的图形则激活初级视觉皮层。这些皮层的激活水平和刺激的相似性成正相关。
图2恐惧泛化神经回路注：如图初级感觉皮层部分, 不同的刺激引发对应的皮层相应。听觉刺激激活初级听觉皮层; 面孔刺激激活梭状回, 简单的图形则激活初级视觉皮层。这些皮层的激活水平和刺激的相似性成正相关。参考文献 95
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