), 黄四林2, 朱晓1 1中央财经大学社会与心理学院, 北京 100081
2北京师范大学发展心理研究院, 北京 100875
收稿日期:2017-05-10出版日期:2018-08-15发布日期:2018-07-02通讯作者:张红川E-mail:hongchuan.zhang@cufe.edu.cn基金资助:教育部人文社会科学研究青年项目(16YJC190017);北京市哲学社会科学规划青年项目(15JYC029);中央财经大学青年科研创新团队项目“新型城镇化背景下流动人口身心健康及其社会治理研究”Allosatic load and its relationship with socioeconomic health disparities
YANG Yang1, SUN Ling1, ZHANG Hongchuan1(), HUANG Silin2, ZHU Xiao1 1 School of Sociology and Psychology, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing 100081, China
2 Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
Received:2017-05-10Online:2018-08-15Published:2018-07-02Contact:ZHANG Hongchuan E-mail:hongchuan.zhang@cufe.edu.cn摘要/Abstract
摘要： 低社会经济地位的个体会经历更多的生活压力, 并有更少的应对资源, 因此其健康状况面临更大的威胁。这些压力可能自胎儿期就存在, 对健康产生累积性影响。社会经济地位低所带来的压力对生理的影响可以用适应负荷来衡量。适应负荷反映了压力状态下个体多个生理系统的综合变化, 这些生理改变的累积对个体身体和心理健康会产生长期的重要影响。适应负荷理论为理解社会经济地位对健康的影响提供了有益的解释。同时, 社会经济地位对适应负荷的影响受到环境压力、社会支持、个人特质以及生活方式等因素的调节。未来的研究应该结合我国的社会文化背景, 探讨社会环境压力与适应负荷及健康后果之间的关系, 并探索保护机制, 为促进处境不利社会群体的健康提供理论依据。
图/表 2
表1适应负荷评估所涉及的生理系统及指标
| 系统 | 指标 | 等级 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 神经内分泌系统 | 中枢神经系统(CNS) | 海马、杏仁核、前额叶皮层 | |
| HPA轴 | 皮质醇、脱氢表雄酮(DHEA-S) | 一级 | |
| SAM轴 | 肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素 | 一级 | |
| 副交感神经系统 | 心率变异性指标(HRV)：全部窦性心搏RR间期(SDRR)、相邻RR间期差值均方根(RMSSD) | 二级 | |
| 免疫系统 | 细胞介素 | 白细胞介素-6 (IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α、胰岛素样生长因子-10 | 一级 |
| 亚临床指标 | C反应蛋白(CRP)、纤维蛋白原 | 二级 | |
| 心血管系统 | 收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、心率 | 二级 | |
| 新陈代谢系统 | 高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、甘油三酯、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、葡萄糖、胰岛素、白蛋白、肌酸酐、同型半胱胺酸 | 二级 | |
| 人体测量学指标 | 腰臀围比, 身体质量指数(BMI) | 二级 |
表1适应负荷评估所涉及的生理系统及指标
| 系统 | 指标 | 等级 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 神经内分泌系统 | 中枢神经系统(CNS) | 海马、杏仁核、前额叶皮层 | |
| HPA轴 | 皮质醇、脱氢表雄酮(DHEA-S) | 一级 | |
| SAM轴 | 肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素 | 一级 | |
| 副交感神经系统 | 心率变异性指标(HRV)：全部窦性心搏RR间期(SDRR)、相邻RR间期差值均方根(RMSSD) | 二级 | |
| 免疫系统 | 细胞介素 | 白细胞介素-6 (IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α、胰岛素样生长因子-10 | 一级 |
| 亚临床指标 | C反应蛋白(CRP)、纤维蛋白原 | 二级 | |
| 心血管系统 | 收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、心率 | 二级 | |
| 新陈代谢系统 | 高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、甘油三酯、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、葡萄糖、胰岛素、白蛋白、肌酸酐、同型半胱胺酸 | 二级 | |
| 人体测量学指标 | 腰臀围比, 身体质量指数(BMI) | 二级 |
图1社会经济地位影响适应负荷模型(资料来源：Robertson, Popham, & Benzeval, 2014)注：SES1=儿童期; SES2=儿童期到成人期的过渡; SES3=成人期
图1社会经济地位影响适应负荷模型(资料来源：Robertson, Popham, & Benzeval, 2014)注：SES1=儿童期; SES2=儿童期到成人期的过渡; SES3=成人期参考文献 101
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