1.School of Mathematics and Physics, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, China 2.National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China 3.State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Micro-system and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
Fund Project:Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China (Grant No. 19KJB510025), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2020M671566) and Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12074152)
Received Date:24 May 2021
Accepted Date:01 July 2021
Available Online:15 August 2021
Published Online:20 November 2021
Abstract:Sn15Sb85 thin films with different thickness are prepared by magnetron sputtering. The evolution of Sn15Sb85 thin film from the amorphous state to the crystalline state is studied by an in-situ resistance temperature measurement system. The crystallization temperature, electrical resistance, crystallization activation energy, and data retention capacity of Sn15Sb85 thin film increase significantly with film thickness decreasing. The near infrared spectrophotometer is used to record the diffuse reflectance spectra of amorphous Sn15Sb85 film. The results show that the band gap energy increases with film thickness decreasing. The surface morphology of Sn15Sb85 film after being crystalized is observed by atomic force microscope, which shows that the thinner film has lower roughness. The analysis of X-ray diffraction indicates that the grain size becomes smaller and the crystallization may be inhibited by reducing the film thickness. T-type phase change memory cells based on Sn15Sb85 thin films with different thickness are fabricated by the CMOS technology. The electrical performances of phase change memory show that the thinner Sn15Sb85 film has a larger threshold switching voltage and smaller RESET operation voltage, which means the better thermal stability and lower power consumption. The outcomes of this work provide the guidance for designing the high-density phase change memory by reducing the size of Sn15Sb85 thin film. Keywords:Sn15Sb85 thin film/ thickness effect/ thermal stability/ power consumption
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3.实验结果与分析图1显示了不同厚度的Sn15Sb85薄膜(10, 20, 40, 80 nm和160 nm)在20 ℃/min的升温速率下的电阻与退火温度之间的关系. 刚开始, 所有的薄膜都处于一个较高的电阻, 这表明薄膜处于非晶态. 随着退火温度的升高, 薄膜的电阻缓慢下降, 这是由于半导体材料的温度特性所致. 当退火温度到达一个特殊值的时候, 薄膜的电阻都急剧下降, 这表明薄膜进入到了相变过程, 此时的温度被定义为结晶温度Tc. 随着退火温度的继续升高, 薄膜的电阻值基本保持稳定, 这表明薄膜已完成非晶到晶态的转变. 如图1所示, 随着Sn15Sb85薄膜厚度的减小, 薄膜晶化温度由160 nm的198 ℃上升到10 nm的246 ℃, 并且当厚度在80 nm以下晶化温度变化的更加明显, 这表明Sn15Sb85薄膜的结晶性能在80 nm以下对厚度更加敏感. 通常来讲, 越高的结晶温度表明相变材料的非晶热稳定性越好. 此外, 随着薄膜厚度的减小, 薄膜的晶态电阻Rc及非晶态电阻Ra都增加了两个数量级以上, 根据焦耳热公式Q = I2Rt, 较高的电阻有助于减小PCM器件的操作电流, 从而降低PCM器件的功耗. 因此, Sn15Sb85薄膜的厚度减小可以提高相变材料的非晶态热稳定性且降低PCM器件功耗, 这对于实现PCM的高密度集成是有利的. 图 1 不同厚度Sn15Sb85薄膜在20 ℃/min的升温速率下的R-T曲线 Figure1.R-T curves of Sn15Sb85 films with different thicknesses at the heating rate of 20 ℃/min