Fund Project:Project supported by the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province, China (Grant No. 2020B010183001) and the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Computational Science and Materials Design Program, China (Grant No. 2019B030301001)
Received Date:26 May 2021
Accepted Date:01 July 2021
Available Online:15 August 2021
Published Online:05 November 2021
Abstract:Alloying is an important way to increase the diversity of material structure and properties. In this paper, we start from Ising model considering nearest neighbor interaction, in which a ferromagnetic system corresponds to a low temperature phase separation and high temperature solid solution of binary alloy, while antiferromagnetic system corresponds to a low temperature ordered solid solution and a high temperature disorder. The high-throughput first-principles calculation based on the structure recognition is realized by the program SAGAR (structures of alloy generation and recognition) developed by our research group. By considering the contribution of structural degeneracy to the partition function, theoretical prediction of alloy materials can be carried out at finite temperature. Taking hydrogen storage alloy (ScxY1–x?Fe2 and V2x?Fe2(1–x)Zr) for example, the formation energy of ground state (at zero temperature) can be obtained by the first-principles calculations. It is found that the formation energy of ScxY1–x?Fe2 is greater than zero, thereby inducing the phase separation at low temperature. The free energy will decrease with the temperature and concentration increasing, where the critical temperature of solid solution of alloy is determined according to the zero point of free energy. The formation energies of V2x?Fe2(1–x)Zr are all lower than zero, and the ordered phase occurs at low temperature. The order-disorder transition temperature of V0.5Fe1.5Zr and V1.5Fe0.5Zr are both about 100 K, while the transition temperature of VFeZr is nearly 50 K. The calculation process will effectively improve the high throughput screening efficiency of alloy, and also provide relevant theoretical reference for experimental research. Keywords:alloy/ structural optimization/ solution temperature/ phase diagram
2.计算方法本研究所用Laves相原胞结构为三角晶型, 如图1(a)所示. 从原胞出发, 可以生成不同体积的超胞: 给定体积的超胞, 存在大量不同形状的情况; 给定体积、形状的超胞, 存在大量可能的结构. 我们课题组开发了相关程序SAGAR (structures of alloy generation and recognition)[网页版地址: http://sagar.compphys.cn/sagar], 可以得到给定体积下所有不等价超胞[23], 根据结构编码方法[24], 可以得到所有不等价结构以及对应简并度. 例如, 图1(b)和图1(c)是V2x?Fe2(1–x)Zr的2倍和4倍超胞, 图1(e)—(k)是通过图1(d)的ScxY1–x?Fe2原胞变成4倍超胞的所有可能形状. 对于给定的超胞, 可能的准二元合金结构数目如表1所列. 图 1 取代含量为半数时的一种构型下, V2x?Fe2(1–x)Zr的(a)原胞结构和体积扩大为原胞(b) 2倍、(c) 4倍时对应的晶格; ScxY1–x?Fe2合金体系的(d)原胞结构和(e)—(f)体积扩大为原胞4倍时对应的7种晶格(红色、绿色、黄色、青色和紫色小球分别代表 V, Zr, Fe, Y和Sc原子) Figure1. Lattices of V2x?Fe2(1–x)Zr (a) primitive cell and corresponding to volumes expanded respectively from primitive cell by (b) 2 times, (c) 4 times under a half of replacement content. (d) Primitive cell structure of ScxY1–x?Fe2 alloys system and (e)?(f) the 7 kinds of lattices with 4 times volume of that of primitive one (red, green, yellow cyan and purple sphere represent respectively V, Zr, Fe, Y and Sc atom).
晶型
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
(j)
(k)
结构数
5
28
531
3
43
34
43
21
34
30
16
表1利用SAGAR对图1所示两种合金在不同晶格下生成的所有不等价结构数目 Table1.Numbers of all nonequivalent structures from different lattices created by using SAGAR for the two kinds of alloy system shown as Fig. 1