1.State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China 2.College of Materials Science and Opto-electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China 3.School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Fund Project:Project supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2020YFB1805701), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61934003, 61635010, 61674136), and the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing, China (Grant No. 4194093)
Received Date:23 April 2021
Accepted Date:26 May 2021
Available Online:07 October 2021
Published Online:20 October 2021
Abstract:Compared with surface and edge incident photodetectors, evanescent coupling photodetector (ECPD) has high bandwidth and high quantum efficiency, so it has a broad application prospect in the field of high-speed optical communication. The evanescent wave coupled photodetector is composed of a diluted waveguide, a single-mode ridge waveguide and a PIN photodiode. By directional evanescent wave coupling, the coupling efficiency of the incident light from the fiber to the absorption core of the photodetector is improved. In this paper, the structure design, experimental preparation and test results of an indium phosphorus based evanescent wave coupled photodetector array are introduced in detail. The test results show that the dark current of the evanescent wave coupled photodetector array is as low as 215 pA and 1.23 pA under –3 and 0 V bias, respectively. When the active area is 5 μm × 20 μm, the device still has a high responsivity of 0.5 A/W (without antireflection film). The high frequency performance of the detector is tested. The bandwidth of each detector is more than 25 GHz, and the total bandwidth is more than 400 GHz. Any optical device can be integrated. The detector array can be applied to the WDM receiving system of 400 Gbit/s and coherent receiving system of 200 Gbit/s. Keywords:evanescent wave coupling/ pin detector array/ low dark current/ 400 GHz
借助光学软件对倏逝波耦合光电探测器进行光场传输的模拟. 图3所示为倏逝波耦合光电探测器光场纵向传输强度分布图, 可以看出, 入射的高斯光首先在稀释波导区发生模式转换耦合, 耦合进去的光逐渐传输到脊波导层中, 然后光沿着脊波导层传输到光学匹配层再慢慢向上耦合进入吸收区被吸收转化为光生电流. 图 3 (a) 倏逝波耦合波导型探测器光场纵向传输强度分布; (b) 光场传输到脊波导时横向电场截面图; (c) 光场传输到光学匹配层时的横向电场截面; (d) 光场被探测器吸收区吸收时的横向电场截面图 Figure3. (a) Longitudinal propagation intensity distribution of evanescent coupled waveguide detector; (b) cross section of transverse electric field when light field propagates to ridge waveguide; (c) cross section of transverse electric field in optical matching layer; (d) cross section of transverse electric field when light field is absorbed by absorption region of detector.
为了进一步更加直观地说明所设计器件的响应速率, 对器件进行了3 dB带宽的模拟. 在–5 V偏压, 1 mW/cm2小信号下器件在10 MHz—105 GHz的频率范围内的动态响应如图4所示. 从图4可以得到器件的3 dB带宽对应的截止频率为46.8 GHz, 与计算值一致. 图 4 –5 V偏压, 1 mW/cm2小信号下器件的高频响应 Figure4. High frequency response of the device under –5 V bias and 1 mW/cm2 small signal.