Fund Project:Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11874271)
Received Date:16 January 2021
Accepted Date:26 April 2021
Available Online:07 June 2021
Published Online:20 September 2021
Abstract:Twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) is a two-dimensional material composed of two layers stacked at a certain angle. When the twisted angle decreases, the lattice mismatch between two layers produces moiré pattern at a long wavelength which significantly modifies the low-energy band structure. In particular, when the twisted angle is close to the so-called “magic angle”, two moiré flat bands are formed near a charge neutral point due to the strong interlayer coupling. These flat bands with high density of states are essential in realizing superconductivity and correlated insulating states. More recently, the magic angle TBG combining an hBN system has exhibited spin-valley polarization when 3/4 of flat bands are filled, thereby providing an ideal platform to achieve quantum anomalous Hall states. Whether it is TBG system or TBG-hBN system, the flat band becomes a crucial condition for discovering so rich physical connotations. Besides the twisted angle, the strain gives an alternative way to modulate flat bands. It has been reported that applying heterostrain in magic angle TBG can makes flat moiré band tunable; strain can also generate flat bands in non-magic angle TBG. Moreover, the reconstruction of TBG due to the strain gives rise to a serial of novel physical phenomena such as topological protected soliton and photonic crystal. Another reason for studying strain effect is that the strain is ubiquitous in the fabrication progress. The strain can also be controlled via piezoelectric substrate which makes possible the in situ modulation of correlated states, topology and quantum effect. Our work is to study the heterostrain effect in TBG band structure and optical conductivity by using a continuum model. Although the resulting conduction band and valence bands keep connected through Dirac points protected by the C2 symmetry, their separation increases significantly when heterostrain is applied while the Dirac point is also shifted. The optical conductivity is characterized by a series of peaks associated with van Hove singularities, and the peak energies are systematically shifted with the strain amplitude. These changes show that the heterostrain exerts a great influence on electron property of TBG. Keywords:twisted bilayer graphene/ heterostrain/ optical conductivity
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2.理论方法图1展示了转角为5°的TBG晶格结构, 其莫尔条纹周期清晰可见, 随着TBG的转角减小, 所形成的莫尔条纹周期将会远远大于晶格常数, 导致其不同谷之间的相互作用可以忽略, 这时可以用连续模型来计算TBG的能带结构. 由连续模型给出的TBG的哈密顿量形式为[10,15-17] 图 1 TBG在转角为5°时的结构示意图, 其莫尔周期结构清晰可见 Figure1. Schematic of TBG structure at θ = 5°, the resulted moiré pattern can be clearly seen.