1.College of Artificial Intelligence, Yango University, Fuzhou 350015, China 2.Information and Navigation College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi’an 710077, China
Fund Project:Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61801508, 61701523, 61671464), the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province, China (Grant Nos. 2019JQ-103, 2020JM-350, 20200108, 2020022), and the Postdoctoral Innovative Talents Support Program of China (Grant Nos. BX20180375, 2019M653960)
Received Date:20 April 2021
Accepted Date:14 May 2021
Available Online:23 September 2021
Published Online:05 October 2021
Abstract:Aiming at obtaining low scattering antenna array, in this paper a novel method of integrating electromagnetic metasurface with conventional antenna is proposed. The theoretical analysis and practical implementation of this method are presented. Using this method, a novel antenna array is obtained by connecting partial unit cells of metasurface with transmission line and adopting coaxial excitations. In the radiation mode, the metasurface is excited and radiates effectively. Besides, the array has almost the same performance as the conventional array. In the scattering mode, this array demonstrates low in-band RCS due to the scattering cancellation of middle metasurface and other surrounding structures. Using this method, a 2 × 1 array, as an example, is designed and numerically analyzed. The results show that the array has the well-behaved radiation performance and low RCS property. The working principle of the proposed array is illustrated by investigating the current and resultant field. Further analysis also reveals the effecting law of metasurface unit cells in antenna's radiation and scattering performance. Therefore, flexible designs can be obtained to fit different requirements. Finally, experiments are conducted. And the good agreement between computations and measurements further verifies the validity of the proposed design. Moreover, the proposed method also features easy implementation and high integrity and can be extended to the designing of large scale array antennas. Keywords:electromagnetic metasurface/ array antenna/ integration/ low radar cross section
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2.电磁超构表面与天线结构一体化设计方法传统印刷微带天线的贴片尺寸近似为半波长, 而电磁超构表面的单元尺寸通常为亚波长, 基于此, 本文提出把超构表面的多个单元相连, 并采用适当的馈电激励构成天线的辐射结构, 此外, 传统微带天线除辐射贴片外还有尺寸略大于贴片的金属地, 故在超构表面之外增加介质地, 由此得到新的天线结构. 为进一步说明该方法的具体实施过程和由该方法设计的天线辐射、散射工作原理, 结合图1, 以二元阵为例进行详细阐述. 图1(a)为提出的超构表面与天线结构一体化设计的三维视图, 图1(b)为对应的俯视图. 图1(c)为传统微带天线阵列的俯视图, 矩形金属辐射贴片印刷在介质板的上表面, 并采用同轴线馈电, 介质板的下表面为天线的金属地板. 由图1(c)的传统阵列天线得到图1(a)和图1(b)所示提出天线的过程和原理可概括为3步. 图 1 天线结构示意图 (a), (b)超构表面与天线阵列一体化侧视图与俯视图; (c)传统天线阵列俯视图 Figure1. Configurations of antennas: (a) Side view and (b) top view of metasurface antenna array; (c) top view of conventional antenna array.
图 5 天线阵列散射方向图对比 (a)—(d)参考天线阵; (e)—(h)新提出天线阵 Figure5. Scattering patterns comparison of the antenna arrays: (a)?(d) Reference antenna array; (e)?(h) the proposed antenna array.
图 6 不同极化平面波照射下天线阵列在6.3 GHz的表面电流 (a), (b) x极化; (c), (d) y极化 Figure6. Surface current distributions at 6.3 GHz of the two antennas under different polarized plane waves: (a), (b) x polarization; (c), (d) y polarization.
图 8dy对天线性能的影响 (a)反射系数; (b) x极化RCS; (c) y极化RCS Figure8. Effects of dy on antenna's performance: (a) Reflection coefficient; (b) RCS under x polarized plane wave; (c) RCS under y polarized plane wave.
图 9w1对天线性能的影响 (a)反射系数; (b) x极化RCS; (c) y极化RCS Figure9. Effects of w1 on antenna's performance: (a) Reflection coefficient; (b) RCS under x polarized plane wave; (c) RCS under y polarized plane wave.