Fund Project:Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11504418) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (Grant No. 2019ZDPY16)
Received Date:06 October 2020
Accepted Date:26 October 2020
Available Online:20 November 2020
Published Online:05 March 2021
Abstract:Graphene is a two-dimensional material with single-layer honeycomb lattice structure formed by sp2 hybrid connection of carbon atoms. Graphene has excellent optical, electrical, thermal and mechanical properties, and it is considered to be an ideal material for future flexible optoelectronic devices. In recent years, the nonlinear optical properties and regulation of graphene nanostructures have attracted experimental and theoretical interest. Graphene has good delocalization of π-electrons and its unique plane structure, showing good nonlinear optical properties. Graphene quantum dots can be regarded as small graphene nanoflakes. Their unique electronic structure is closely related to the non-bond orbitals on the boundary/edge. Therefore, it is very important to study the boundary/edge effect on the electronic and optical properties of nanographene. In this paper, effects of the number of edge C=C double bonds and Borazine (B3N3) doping on the nonlinear optical properties and UV-Vis absorption spectrum of graphene quantum dots are studied by the quantum chemical calculation methods, respectively. It is found that the symmetry of hexagonal graphene quantum dots decreases and the symmetry of charge distribution is broken when C=C double bond is introduced into the armchair edge, which leads the second-order nonlinear optical activity to be enhanced. During the transition from armchair to zigzag edge, the polarizability and the second hyperpolarizability of hexagonal graphene quantum dots and B3N3-doped graphene quantum dots increase linearly with the number of introduced C=C double bonds incrrasing. In addition, the edge also has an important influence on the absorption spectrum of graphene quantum dots. For graphene quantum dots and B3N3-doped graphene quantum dots, the introduction of C=C double bond at the armchair edge increases the highest occupied molecular orbital energy level and also reduces the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level, which reduces the energy gap between the frontier molecular orbitals, and thus resulting in the red-shift of the maximum absorption wavelength. The doping of B3N3 ring will increase the energy gap between molecular frontier orbitals of graphene quantum dots, leading the UV-Vis absorption spectrum of graphene quantum dots to be blue-shifted. This study provides theoretical guidance for controlling the nonlinear optical response of graphene quantum dots by edge modification. Keywords:graphene/ nonlinear optics/ absorption spectrum/ edge effect
表1GQD-n和B3N3-GQD-n的极化率α、第一超极化率β和第二超极化率γ计算值 Table1.Calculated polarizability α, first hyperpolarizability β, second hyperpolarizability γ of GQD-n and B3N3-GQD-n.
表2GQD-n和B3N3-GQD-n的HOMO能级、LUMO能级、HOMO-LUMO能级差(HLG)和最大吸收波长λmax计算值 Table2.Calculated HOMO energy level, LUMO energy level, HOMO-LUMO energy gap (HLG) and maximum absorption wavelength λmax of GQD-n and B3N3-GQD-n.
图 4 GQD-0, GQD-6, B3N3-GQD-0和B3N3-GQD-6的紫外-可见吸收光谱 Figure4. Ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra of GQD-0, GQD-6, B3N3-GQD-0 and B3N3-GQD-6.