Fund Project:Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61731005), the Postdoctoral Innovation Talents Support Program, China (Grant No. BX20180057), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2018M640907), and the Fundamental Research Fund for the Central Universities, China (Grant No. ZYGX2019J101, ZYGX2019Z016)
Received Date:01 June 2020
Accepted Date:12 August 2020
Available Online:12 December 2020
Published Online:05 January 2021
Abstract:It is a novel and interesting idea to inversely design the scattering structure with the desired scattering field intensity distribution in a given target area as the known information. The inverse design method proposed in this paper does not need to be optimized, and the spatial distribution and dielectric constant distribution of the micro-scatterer array can be quickly analytically calculated according to the desired scattering field intensity in the target area. First, based on the spatial Fourier transform and angular spectrum transformation, the plane wave sources required in all directions are inversely obtained from the electric field intensity distribution required in the target area. Then, based on the theory of induced source, a method of irradiating the array of all-dielectric micro-scatterers with incident electromagnetic field to generate the required plane wave source is proposed. The scattering fields generated by these micro-scatterers will be superimposed on the target area to achieve the desired scattering field strength intensity. Finally, according to the proposed inverse design theory model, a specific three-dimensional (3D) design is carried out. In the 3D example, we study the scattering field intensity distribution of the point-focused shape of the square surface target area, and show an all-dielectric micro-sphere distribution design. Its spatial distribution and permittivity distribution are both obtained through the rapid analytical calculation of the desired scattered field intensity shape in the target area. Finally, based on the principle of linear superposition, we quickly and easily generate the complex shapes of “I”, “T”, and “X” in the target area. The satisfactory results of full-wave simulation show that the proposed inverse design method is effective and feasible. Keywords:inverse design/ scattering field intensity shaping/ spatial spectrum
下面使用全波仿真软件FDTD.Solution来验证上述求解结果的可行性. 图4展示了面目标区域中期望形成的点聚焦散射场强分布, 从3-D视角以及俯视视角可以看到, 在设定的方向面目标区域中得到了需要的点聚焦散射场分布. 图 4 目标区域归一化点聚焦形状散射场分布图 (a) 三维视角图; (b) 俯视图 Figure4. Normalized scattering field distribution of focused shape in target area: (a) 3-D view; (b) top view.
在y = 0, x = 0, y = x三条特殊线上比较期望的散射场分布与全波仿真的结果, 结果如图5所示. 可以看到, 目标区域中的点聚焦散射场强分布仿真结果与期望结果有些微失真, 这是由于微散射体产生的散射波不是理想平面波导致的, 并且散射体之间的微弱的多次散射效应也会造成不良的影响. 图 5 目标区域三条线上的归一化散射场分布图 (a) y = 0处场分布; (b) x = 0处分布; (c) y = x处场分布 Figure5. Normalized scattering field distribution on three special lines in target area: (a) A cut view in y = 0; (b) a cut view in x = 0; (c) a cut view in y = x.
假设期望的散射场强分布分别沿着x轴y轴正方向平移两个波长的点聚焦形状, 根据傅里叶变换的空间平移特性, 即将散射体阵列分别沿着x轴y轴正方向方向平移$2{\lambda _0}$长度即可. 图6 (a)展示了全波仿真结果, 其散射场强的分布与预期完全符合. 在此基础上结合线性叠加原理, 可以在目标区域处便捷地实现复杂的期望散射场形状. 如图6 (b)—图6(d)所示, 由基本的点聚焦形状散射场叠加获取了3种不同形状的复杂散射场形状. 特别说明的是, 在目标区域处实现复杂的期望散射场形状需要将微球阵列平行于xoy面进行对应的平移叠加. 图7以“I”形散射场形状为例展示了其微散射体的空间分布情况. 图 6 目标区域归一化复杂形状散射场分布图 (a) 相对原点沿向x方向右平移沿z方向上平移2${\lambda _0}$的点聚焦形状散射场; (b) “I”形状; (c) “T”形状; (d) “X”-形状 Figure6. Normalized scattering field intensity distribution of complex shape in target area: (a) focused shaped field moving 2${\lambda _0}$ to the right and top relative to the origin; (b) “I”-shaped; (c) “T”-shaped; (d) “X”-shaped.
图 7 “I”形散射场分布的微散射体阵列示意图 (a) 三维视角图; (b)俯视图; (c)正视图; (d)侧视图 Figure7. Schematic of micro-sphere array design with “I”-shaped: (a) 3-D view; (b) top view; (c) front view; (d) side view.