Fund Project:Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61471039)
Received Date:15 June 2020
Accepted Date:24 July 2020
Available Online:07 December 2020
Published Online:20 December 2020
Abstract: The basic principle of three-dimensional (3D) imaging lidar-an active imaging technology, is parallel laser ranging. Compared with traditional passive sensor imaging and microwave radar, the 3D imaging lidar has obvious advantages, so it promises to possess a wide application prospect. Non-scanning 3D imaging lidar has seven modulation modes. Among them, the 3D imaging lidar based on polarization modulation has the advantages of large measurement range, high measurement accuracy, fast imaging speed, and no motion artifacts. At the same time, it is not limited by other modulation methods, such as intensified charge coupled device and avalanche photodiode array detectors, and its process is complex but easy to saturate and damage. However, its disadvantage is that it requires two cameras, electro-optic crystal limits the imaging field of view, and is easily affected by atmospheric conditions such as incident angle and cloud and mist. In order to overcome the above shortcomings, in this paper we propose to use polarization imaging lidar and short-wave infrared zoom optical system to construct a dual-mode target detection imaging system by means of common aperture, which can not only reduce the volume of the two systems and solve the coaxial problem of the two systems, but also solve the problems such as the influence of atmospheric conditions (small viewing angle, incident angle and cloud and mist) on imaging quality of polarization modulation imaging lidar and the limitation of low energy of short-wave infrared imaging targets. According to the above ideas, the design and research of polarization imaging lidar and shortwave infrared composite optical system are carried out. The optical design software is used to complete the optical design of the telescope group, shortwave infrared imaging lens group, polarization modulation lens group and the system as a whole. In the telescope group the off-axis three-mirror structure is used to solve the blocking problem of the center of the field of view, and in the shortwave infrared lens group the type of mobile zoom compensation group is used to realize zooming. Analysis of the image quality of the optical system shows that the designed optical system has high imaging quality and its optical design meets the requirements for system design. The optical simulation software is used to simulate the imaging process of the optical system. The results show below. The polarization imaging lidar and shortwave infrared imaging have high quality, the stray light has little influence on the imaging of the system, the target edge imaging is clear, and the independent square targets with a 1-m in diameter can be distinguished. The field of view of the short-wave infrared short-focus mode is 9 times that of the long-focus mode. The shortwave infrared telescopic mode is basically consistent with the field of view of polarization imaging lidar. The received illuminance value of polarization imaging lidar is about 2.4 times that of short-wave infrared long focal length mode. The overall energy distribution of polarization imaging lidar is more balanced, and the imaging effect is better. The method adopted in this paper provides a new idea for studying the polarization modulated imaging lidar. The next step in experimental research is to complete the physical processing, assembly and adjustment, and selection of suitable targets. Keywords:three-dimensional imaging/ lidar/ polarization/ short wave infrared/ optical design
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2.系统原理偏振成像激光雷达与短波红外复合光学系统, 其成像原理如图1所示. 整套系统由望远镜组、短波红外成像镜组、偏振调制镜组、分光器件以及探测器等组成, 其中望远镜组实现光线接收, 短波红外成像镜组为变焦镜头、实现目标探测识别, 偏振调制镜组通过偏振调制实现目标测距, 分光器件实现光束分光. 短波红外成像镜组与偏振调制镜组通过共孔径结构方式复合, 望远镜组为系统共孔径部分; 望远镜与后端的短波红外成像镜组、偏振调制镜组分别构成完整折反光学系统, 这样设计使系统具备宽谱段和大口径的特点[7-10]. 而共孔径结构存在的视场遮拦问题通过离轴三反结构型式来克服[9]. 图 1 偏振成像激光雷达与短波红外复合光学系统成像原理图 Figure1. Schematic diagram of the polarization imaging lidar and short-wave infrared composite optical system.
短波红外成像镜组与望远镜组合置后光路图如图4所示, 短波红外成像镜组由前固定组(10—13面)、变倍补偿组(14—17面)、后固定组(18—21面)三部分6片镜片组成. 使用直线电机带动变焦补偿组前后移动来实现系统光学变焦, 系统总长固定为551.8454 mm, 镜片材料分别选择ZNSE和IRG26两种材料, 其中IRG26为红外硫系玻璃. 图 4 短波红外成像镜组光路图 (a)长焦模式, 焦距为900 mm; (b)短焦模式, 焦距为300 mm Figure4. Optical path figure of the short wave infrared imaging lens: (a) Long-focus mode (the focal length is 900 mm); (b) short-focus mode (the focal length is 300 mm).
图 5 短波红外成像镜组像质分析图 (a)长焦模式MTF图; (b)短焦模式MTF图; (c)长焦模式点列图; (d)短焦模式点列图 Figure5. Image quality analysis diagram of the short wave infrared imaging lens: (a) MTF diagram of the long-focus mode; (b) MTF diagram of the short-focus mode; (c) point column diagram of the long-focus mode; (d) point column diagram of the short-focus mode