Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials Genome Engineering, School of Physics and Electronic Science, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China
Fund Project:Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11674039, 61701431), the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province, China (Grant Nos. 2020JJ4597, 2020JJ4625), the Science Foundationcd of Education Bureau of Hunan Province, China (Grant No. 18B157), and the Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Program of Hunan Province, China (Grant No. CX2019703)
Received Date:30 June 2020
Accepted Date:21 August 2020
Available Online:07 December 2020
Published Online:20 December 2020
Abstract:With the miniaturization of molecular devices, high-performance nano devices can be fabricated by controlling the spin states of electrons. Because of their advantages such as low energy consumption, easy integration and long decoherence time, more and more attention has been paid to them. So far, the spin filtration efficiency of molecular device with graphene electrode is not very stable, which will decrease with the increase of voltage, and thus affecting its applications. Therefore, how to enhance the spin filtration efficiency of molecular device with graphene electrode becomes a scientific research problem. Using the first principle calculations based on density functional theory combined with non-equilibrium Green’s function, the physical mechanism of regulating the spin polarization transport properties of single anthracene molecule device with graphene nanoribon as electrode is investigated by molecular oxygen adsorption. In order to explore the effect of the change of the connection mode between single anthracene molecule and zigzag graphene nanoribbon electrode on the spin transport properties of the device, we establish two models. The first model is the model M1, which is the single anthracene molecule longitudinal connection, and the second model is the model M2, which is the single anthracene molecule lateral connection. The adsorption model of single oxygen molecule is denoted by M1O and M2O respectively. The results show that when none of oxygen molecules is adsorbed, the spin filtering effect of single anthracene molecule connecting graphene nanoribbons laterally (M2) is better than that of single anthracene molecule connecting graphene nanoribbons longitudinally (M1). After oxygen molecules are adsorbed on single anthracene molecule, the enhanced localized degree of transport eigenstate will make the spin current of the two kinds of devices decrease by nearly two orders of magnitude. However, molecular oxygen adsorption significantly improves the spin filtering efficiency of the device and enhances the application performance of the device. The maximal spin filtering efficiency of single anthracene molecule connecting graphene nanoribbons longitudinal (M1O) can be increased from 72% to 80%. More importantly, the device with single anthracene molecule connecting graphene nanoribbons laterally (M2) maintains nearly 100% spin filtering efficiency in a bias range from –0.5 V to +0.5 V. These results provide more theoretical guidance for practically fabricating spin molecular devices and regulating their spin transport properties. Keywords:graphene nanoribbons/ molecular adsorption/ spin transport/ spin filtering
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2.模型与方法众所周知, 石墨烯纳米带由于边缘裁剪形状的不同可以分为锯齿型石墨烯纳米带和扶手椅型石墨烯纳米带. 其中锯齿型石墨烯纳米带表现金属性且具有磁性, 而扶手椅型石墨烯纳米带表现半导体性[35-37]. 因此, 本文选取宽度为6的锯齿型石墨烯纳米带, 并用氢原子饱和其边缘悬挂键后作为电极连接单蒽分子组成单分子器件, 如图1所示. 器件被分为左电极、右电极和中心散射区三个部分, 中心散射区包含四个周期的石墨烯电极, 用于阻断电极与中心分子的相互作用. 为了探索单蒽分子与锯齿型石墨烯纳米带电极连接方式变化对器件自旋输运性质的影响, 建立了两种模型. 模型M1为单蒽分子纵向连接, 模型M2为单蒽分子横向连接. 吸附单个氧气分子的模型分别用M1O和M2O表示. 垂直于电子传输的两个方向分别选择15 ?的真空层来屏蔽周期近邻的相互作用. 交换关联势选为基于Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof 的自旋广义梯度近似, 所有原子的轨道基函数选为双极化基组. 自洽计算中, Monkhorst-Pack的K点选为1 × 1 × 50, 截断能取值为150 Ry (1 Ry = 13.606 eV). 在计算输运性质之前, 先对分子进行结构优化计算, 然后再将分子组成器件进行器件结构优化, 优化过程中使每个原子受力收敛达到0.02 eV/?. 器件的自旋极化电流可由朗道公式(1)求得[38] 图 1 以锯齿型石墨烯纳米带为电极的单蒽分子器件模型 (a) 模型M1; (b) 模型M2 Figure1. Schematic views of the single anthracene molecular device based on nanoribbon electrode: (a) Model M1; (b) model M2.
${T_\sigma }\left( {E,{V_{\rm{b}}}} \right) = {\rm{Tr}}\left[ {{\varGamma _{\rm{L}}}\left( E \right){G^{\rm{R}}}\left( E \right){\varGamma _{\rm{R}}}\left( E \right){G^{\rm{A}}}\left( E \right)} \right], $
其中${G^{\rm{R}}}\left( E \right)$和${G^{\rm{A}}}\left( E \right)$分别为散射延迟和超前格林函数; ${\varGamma _{{\rm{L, R}}}} = {\rm i}\left( {\sum\nolimits_{{\rm{L, R}}}^{\rm{R}} {\left( E \right) - \sum\nolimits_{{\rm{L, R}}}^{\rm{A}} {\left( E \right)} } } \right)$为展宽函数, $\sum\nolimits_{{\rm{L, R}}}^{\rm{R}} {\left( E \right)}$和$\sum\nolimits_{{\rm{L, R}}}^{\rm{A}} {\left( E \right)}$是左右电极对散射区的自能. 本文中器件的几何结构优化、电子结构和电流-电压特性的计算全部都是由基于非平衡格林函数和密度泛函理论相结合的第一性原理计算方法(ATK软件) 所完成[39,40].