1.National Key Laboratory of Transient Physics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China 2.Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GJ, UK
Fund Project:Project supported by the China Scholarship Council (Grant No. 201906845059), the Young Scientists Found of the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China (Grant No. BK20190439), and the Fundamental Research Funds of the Central Universities, China (Grant No. 30919011258)
Received Date:17 July 2020
Accepted Date:14 August 2020
Available Online:14 November 2020
Published Online:20 November 2020
Abstract:Beam arrangement with limited projections is a critical part of research on tunable diode laser absorption tomography reconstruction for combustion diagnosis. Based on the efforts to regularize this rank-deficient and ill-posed problem with Tikhonov regularization, a novel approach to using the regularization parameter matrix is developed for designing optical component layout and predicting the reconstruction accuracy. Objective function of beam arrangement is established by the rigorous mathematical derivation, and genetic algorithm is adopted to realize the optimization of function to overcome the difficulty associated with the multimodal nature of the problem. Nonuniform distribution properties of matrix elements in physical space relate to location and alignment of the laser/detector pairs, and form a basis for adjusting the weight between measurement and regularization to improve the reconstruction performance. A mathematical model of double Gauss distributions is established in a 10 × 10 element discrete tomography domain, and typically 20 measurement beams scanning the H2O transition at 7185.6 cm–1 are available to probe the domain of interest. The systematic comparison between optimized beam array here and four existing beam arrangements in the literature is analyzed to validate the method. The reconstruction with Tikhonov regularization parameter matrix shows obvious advantages of reducing errors especially under the condition of fewer projections. The validation of reconstruction performance of the optimized beam array is also examined by simulating the laser absorption measurement which is carried out on phantoms generated using a simulation of external flow field of an air-gasoline pulsed detonation engine. The result shows that the optimized beam array consistently outperforms other arrangements reported in complicated fluid field. A demonstration reconstruction experiment is performed on the distribution from small gas burners. Both locations and amplitudes are in good agreement with those in the actual case. This proposed design method will be valuable in broadening the scope of applications of tunable diode laser absorption tomography reconstruction for engine diagnosis and combustion efficiency improvement. Keywords:laser absorption spectroscopy/ tomography reconstruction/ Tikhonov regularization/ singular value decomposition
利用Tikhonov正则化参数矩阵${{\lambda }}$, 根据目标函数(12)式并结合遗传算法获得优化后的激光吸收光谱二维测量光路布置方式. 为验证该光路布置方式重建效果, 分别与以下光路布置方式重建结果进行对比: 方式(a)2投影角度平行光路布置方式; 方式(b)4投影角度扇形光路布置方式; 方式(c)基于Mod设计的光路布置方式; 方式(d)基于单一正则化参数设计的光路布置方式; 方式(e)基于正则化参数矩阵设计的光路布置方式. 光路布置方式及对应投影域如图6所示. 图 6 5种光路布置方式空间分布图与对应投影域图 (a) 2 × 10平行光路布置方式; (b) 4 × 5扇形光路布置方式; (c) 基于Mod设计的光路布置方式; (d) 基于单一正则化参数设计的光路布置方式; (e) 基于正则化参数矩阵设计的光路布置方式 Figure6. Five example beam configuration in the physical space and in Radon space: (a) 2 × 10 parallel beams arrangement; (b) 4 × 5 fanned beams arrangement; (c) beams arrangement designed based on MOD method; (d) beams arrangement designed based on single regularization parameter; (e) beams arrangement designed based on regularization parameter matrix.
在测量区域内建立二维分布模型. 测量对象为燃烧环境下H2O组分, 测量谱线为近红外波段7185.6 cm–1处H2O特征吸收谱线, 重建模型采用双峰高斯分布函数. 将测量区域离散化为10 × 10网格, 将20条光路以图6所述方式进行布置. 为了便于对比, 每种光路布置方式均配合Tikhonov正则化直接计算方法获得重建结果. 其中, 前4种光路布置方式采用单一正则化参数, 正则化参数设定为0.5. 方式(e)为基于正则化参数矩阵设计的光路布置方式, 正则化参数矩阵中元素取值范围为0.1至1. 重建模型与不同光路布置方式重建结果如图7所示. 图 7 二维重建模型与不同光路布置方式重建结果 (a) 重建模型; (b) 2 × 10平行光路布置方式; (c) 4 × 5扇形光路布置方式; (d) 基于Mod设计的光路布置方式; (e) 基于单一正则化参数设计的光路布置方式; (f) 基于正则化参数矩阵设计的光路布置方式 Figure7. Phantom and reconstruction results from different beam arrangement: (a) Phantom; (b) 2 × 10 parallel beams arrangement; (c) 4 × 5 fanned beams arrangement; (d) beams arrangement designed based on MOD method; (e) beams arrangement designed based on single regularization parameter; (f) beams arrangement designed based on regularization parameter matrix.